a study of application of ibm-compatible personal … · computers (minicomputers or mainframes)...
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A STUDY OF APPLICATION OF IBM-COMPATIBLE
PERSONAL COMPUTER LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (PC LANS)
AMONG COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS IN HONG KONG
BY
CHEUNG WING KIN CHONG KWOK KWONG,DANIEL ?1 珠 使 t 國 t
RESEARCH REPORT Presented to
The Graduate School
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
THREE YEAR MBA PROGRAMME
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
May 1990
[ D r Y T F U K ii … C Advisor
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ABSTRACT
This study identified the extent of utilization of PC
LAN in Hong Kong. From the survey findings, the writers drew
conclusions and made recommendations to existing PC LAN
users, potential PC LAN users and marketeers in the light of
promoting the effectiveness of utilizing PC LAN in Hong Kong.
The computer profession was selected as the target
population while primary data and information were collected
by mail survey.
The conclusions are :
1. There are 59 percent of the respondents which have
installed at least one PC LAN in their firms.
2• Insurance, engineering, governement/education and
finance are the major PC LAN users in Hong Kong.
3. There are 66 percent of firms with over 99 staff
which have installed PC LANs.
4. The current PC LAN market are dominated by Ethernet
and Novell in hardware and software respectively.
5. Performance, reliability and price, in their order
of importance, are the three major selection
criteria for Hong Kong users to choose their PC
LANs. Ill
6. PC LAN uses are generally satisfied with what are
offered in the PC LANs that they are using.
7. Word processing, database and spreadsheet, in their
order of importance, are the three major
application areas running on PC LANs.
The writers recommend that :
1. Existing PC LAN users should conduct detailed
sizing exercise before they upgrade their PC LANs.
2. Other alternatives, such as mini-computers, should
be considered when an upgrade of PC LAN is considered.
3. Careful selection of the appropriate LAN hardware
and software is essential.
4. Marketeers should strive to improve the
performance, reliability and price of their
products.
5. Marketeers should form stragetic alliances with
the popular software vendors in the application
areas of word processing, database and
spreadsheet.
6. PC LAN vendors should develop better interface of
their products to PC LANs of other brands and to
mini-computers and/or mainframes.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF EXHIBITS viii
LIST OF TABLES ix
PREFACE xi
Chapter
I• INTRODUCTION 1
The World Market of LAN 3 Local Market of LAN in Hong Kong • • • 7 The Research 8 The Significance of Study Findings 9
II. METHODOLOGY 10
Target Population 10 Unit of Analysis n Population Size 12 Sample Size 1 4
Data Collection 1 5 Objective 15 Selection of Data Collection Method 15
Questionnaires 16 Design 16 Contents 18 Despatch Methods • 1 8
Research Aids 20 Summary 20
III. SURVEY FINDINGS 21
Despatch and Collection of Questionnaries 21 Company Data 26
Classification ‘ [ 26 Size in Terms of Number of Staff 27 Degree of Computerization 27 Number of PC in Use 30
V
PC LAN Installed 32 Hardware Particulars 35
Type of Computers in Use 35 PC LAN Hardware in Use 3 5 Length of Use of PC LAN 37 Assessment of Hardware in Use 38
Software Particulars 3 9 PC LAN Software in Use •••••• 3 9 Applications in Use 3 9 Assessment of Software in Use 40
Criteria in Choosing PC LANs 4 1 Job Function 4 3 Role in Purchasing 4 3 Report [ 44
IV. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS 4 5
Response Rates 45 Company Data 46
Classification 46 Degree of Coiaputerization 48 Size in Terms of Number of Staff 50 Number of PC in Use 52 PC LANs Installed 5 4
Hardware Particulars 5 5 Type of Computers in Use ••! 55
PC LAN Hardware in Use 5 5 Length of Use of PC LAN 5 7 Assessment of Hardware in Use 5 7
Software Particulars 5 7 PC LAN Software in Use •• 5 7 Applications in Use 5 9 Assessment of Software in Use 5 9
Observation Relating to the Objectives of the Survey 60 Objective 1 : PC LAN Market Segment in Hong Kong 60 Objective 2 : Identify Market Characteristics • • 63 Objective 3 : Selection Criteria of LANs • • • • 66 Objective 4 : Gap between what are offered and
what are needed 66 Objective 5 : Major Applications of PC LANs
in Hong Kong 71 Job Function 73 Role in Purchasing 7 3 Report ! ! : 74
V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 7 5
Conclusion 75 Extent of Usage of PC LANs in Hong Kong •• •• •• •• 76 PC LAN Market Segment in Hong Kong 76 PC LAN Market Characteristics in Hong Kong • • • 77 Selection Criteria of PC LANs in Hong Kong • • • 78 Gap Between what are offered and what are needed
for PC LAN in Hong Kong 78
vi Major Applications of PC LANs in Hong Kong • • • 79
Recommendation 7 9 Firms Already Installed PC LANs 79 Firms Not Yet Installed PC LANs 81 Marketeers 82
APPENDIX 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY I33
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
1. LANs : Installed Base 4
2. LAN Hardware : Installed Base 4
3. LAN Software : Installed Base 6
viii
LIST OF EXHIBITS
1. Despatch and Collection of Questionaires 24
2. Criteria in Choosing PC LANs 42
3. Distribution of Industries 47
4. Degree of Computerization 49
5. Distribution of Firm Size 51
6. LAN Hardware in Use 56
7. LAN Software in Use 58
8. Applications in Use 72
ix
LIST OF TABLES
1. Distribution of Industries 26
2. Distribution of Firm Size 27
3. Degree of Computerization for Firms of Different Size 29
4. Number of PC in Use 30
5. PC Usage for Different Industries 32
6. PC LAN Installed Vs Size of Firms 33
7. PC LAN Installed Vs Industry Types 34
8. Number of Firms Using Different Brand of PC LAN • • • 36
9. LAN Hardware Vs Industry Types 37
10. Length of Use of PC LAN 38
11. Assessment of Hardware in Use 38
12. LAN Software in Use 39
13. Applications in Use 40
14. Assessment of Software in Use 41
15. Job Functions of Respondents 43
16. Role in Purchasing PC LANs 44
17• Number of Firms Requesting Summary Report 44
18• Number of PCs Installed in Firms of Different Sizes • 53
19. Rate of Usage of PC LANs in Various Industry 54
20. PC LAN Market in Hong Kong 60
21. PC LAN Hardware Against Industry Type 61
22. PC LAN Software Against Industry Type 62
23. Reasons for Using PC LAN 64
V
24. Reasons for Not Using PC LAN 65
25. Mean Scores of LAN Hardware Assessment 67
26. Mean Scores of LAN Software Assessment 68
27. Mean Scores of LAN Hardware Assessment - b y Hardware Type 69
28. Mean Scores of LAN Software Assessment - b y Software Type 69
29. Plan of Changing Existing PC LANs 70
xi
PREFACE
We wish to express our heartful thanks to all those
who have contributed to the completion of this research
project.
The Hong Kong Computer Society had helped to insert
our questionnaires into her newsletters for all her 2,000
members without charges.
The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE) had
helped us to send our questionnaires to 67 members (out of
300 members in total) of her Electronics Division at a
nominal charge.
A local computer software dealer had provided us
free-of-charge a list of general computer professionals for
the mail survey.
Special acknowledgement is due to our supervisor, Dr.
Y.T. Fung for his advice and guidance throughout the nine
months when we were working on this project.
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
"Sooner or later the number of personal computers in
the office reaches a critical level and the problem of a
local area network (LAN) crops up." [1]
In the past, personal computers (PCs) were largely
used to serve individual users separately at their home or
office workstations. Individuals used to work at their own
personal computers in isolation and the few users who had to
share data could do so by exchanging floppy disks.
However, as the number of personal computer users
grows and computer technology improves in both hardware and
software, certain economies of scale become important. For
example, large hard disks, laser printers can be shared;
electronic mail can reduce communication errors and enhance
security; database needs to be shared among corporate users
with the most updated version. These factors brought about
the need to share common resources and communicate among
personal computer users and thus local area networks appeared.
At the heart of networking is the concept of a
server, which is a computer resource providing services to
the other PCs (nodes) called clients on the LAN. Examples
of servers are file server, printer server and gateways
which allows the connection between PCs on the LAN and other
computers (minicomputers or mainframes) with different
operating systems.
Of course, benefits come with cost. Danger of
computer viruses, cost of LAN hardwares and softwares,
administrative overhead, security and recovery are just a
few of the examples.
We believe that it will be interesting and useful to
ascertain the extent of utilization and application of
personal computer local area networks (PC LANs) in local business sector.
In our study, we will only concentrate our interest
on those IBM-compatible personal computers local area networks, excluding other LANs for non-IBM-compatible PCs because :
(1) The numbers of IBM-compatible PCs are significantly
greater than any other PCs in the market
3 (2) IBM-compatible PCs are the "standard" workstation PCs
within the business world
(3) IBM-compatible PC LANs are in general more popular and powerful than any other PC LAN in the market
The study scope will include both hardware and
software utilization as well as their typical application,
selection criteria and degree of acceptance by the users.
The World Market of T.AN
"LAN are getting bigger; users are getting more
educated; and applications are getting better." [2] "1988
was another year of the LAN and that 1989 is shaping up to be yet another,“ [2]
The world market of LAN are expanding at tremendous
rate. There are very few industries, even among those
"hightech" industries, that can grow this fast. At the
beginning of 1989, there were about 0.8 million LANs
installed worldwide. By the end of 1989, there would be
more than 1.2 million LANs installed. Figure 1 shows the
estimation made by the LAN magazine on the size of installed
base of LANs. Though the growth rate of LANs is slowing
down slightly but the installed base keeps on expanding.
According to International Data Corporation (IDC), a
market research firm in Framingham, USA, the average number
of nodes on each LAN will grow from the current eight to
4
nearly 15, while the total number of LANs installed grows to
2.2 million by 1992.
Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
LANs (million) 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.2
Fig. 1 LANs : Installed Base
(Source: International Data Corporation)
Figure 2 shows that both Ethernet and Token Ring
grow. Token Ring grows faster but from a smaller base. IDC
estimated that LAN hardware revenue will be more than $6
million in 1992.
Local Token Type Ethernet Talk Arcnet Ring Starlan Others
Percentage 39.5 21.4 12.0 10.7 5.7 10.7
Fig. 2 LAN Hardware : Installed Base
(Source: International Data Corporation)
"Not only is the LAN industry growing rapidly, but
the potential for growth is tremendous••’ [2] "There will be
50% of the 60 million PCs in the world attached to LANs by
1992. BY early 1989, only 19% PC were attached to LANs."
[2 ]
5 "The rate of attachment of new PCs is higher than
that of installed PCs." [2] Hence, most companies are
willing to buy PCs specially as a part of a LAN.
Dataquest, another market research firm in San Jose,
USA, predicted an even higher figure 一 almost 60% of PCs
will be connected to LANs by 1992.
Basically, we can segment the LAN market into two portions:
(1) PC LANs: PCs as nodes
(2) System LANs : PCs, minicomputer, minaframes and
terminal server as nodes
PC LANs accounted for 93% of all LANs installed but
less than 50% of all revenue made from LANs, according to
IDC, because of the lower average price per node of PC LANs.
Besides price, other driving forces behind PC LAN
installations are : structured wiring schemes based on
twisted pair cabling; more powerful PCs; better network
operating systems and support from large vendors; better
user education; increased user demand for data sharing;
establishment of networking standards and better LAN
application software.
Excluding Apple and TOPS (networking mostly for
Macintoshes), Novell has an even bigger share of the PC LAN
operating system market. (Figure 3)
6
Vendor Novell Apple Tops IBM 3 Com others
Percentage 35.5 29.6 11.8 10.1 6.1 7.0
Fig. 3 LAN Software : Installed Base
(Source: International Data Corporation)
The boundaries of the LAN industry are expanding
too. New products are being introduced rapidly. Software
products (applications, network management and LAN
utilities) and hardware products (bridges, gateways and routers) are booming. According to Market Intelligence
Research Company, a market research firm in Mountain View,
U.K., the LAN application software market alone will be worth of $2 billion by 1992.
By the summer of 1989, the LAN hardware market was
crystal clear - Ethernet is the leading network hardware
option but Token Ring have not disappeared and Local Talk is
hooking up more and more Macintoshes. (Figure 2)
The operating system segment of the LAN industry is
not very clear yet. Novell is the dominant PC LAN operating
system vendor. (Figure 3) Appleshare and TOPS follow.
After Novell, IBM PC LAN Program is the best selling IBM-
compatible PC LAN operating system, followed by 3Com, 3+ and
lONET. Novell will continue and even expand its dominance.
7 In summary, the LAN industry will continue to grow.
By 1991, the pace of growth will slow down. However, the
slack will be taken up by the new markets the LAN industry
has created and will continue to create. Also, networking
technology is advancing rapidly while more and more PC users
will be attracted into the PC LAN market.
Local Market Of T.AN In Hong Knng
"In Asia, where the assimilation of technology
usually lags behind that in the USA, PC LANs are becoming an
up and coming attraction, if not an outright necessity, to
business which own a large number of scattered standalone machines.“ [3]
Because no academic body has done a thorough market
survey of the local market of PC LANs in Hong Kong, our team
would try to carry out an exploratory market research on the local market.
Among the business firms in Hong Kong, only those
with certain degree of computerization will adopt PC-LANs.
It is usual to found that in these kinds of "computerized"
firms, some computer professionals hold certain higher level
management positions. Hence, our target population will be
these computer professionals whose views would be regarded
as the most representative among other managers.
8 The Research
There are five main objectives in the study.
Firstly, we want to know what types and sizes of firms are
using PC LANs more intensively in Hong Kong. In the other
words, we want to define our market segment.
Secondly, we would identify the characteristics of
the current and the potential market. For examples, size of
the PC LANs, particulars of the softwares and hardwares of the LANs in use.
Also, we would be keen in identifying the selection
criteria of PC LANs for the market. This is a very
importmant parameter for the PC LANs vendors in meeting
customer requirements and needs.
Fourthly, we want to know whether the existing PC
LANs offered in the market can satisfy customer requirments
in general. Is there any existing gap in between what are
offered and what are needed?
Lastly, we want to identify the major application areas of PC LANs in Hong Kong.
9
The Sianificance Of Study Findings
The result of the research is to give recommendation
to computer marketeers together with an insight of the
requirement of local firms and assist them to devise a
composite package that can meet the various current and
potential application areas of IBM^^compatible PC-LANs.
On the other hand, the study will give advice to
local computer professionals on what the general market
trends, typical application areas, strengths and weaknesses
of the current products and the usual characteristics of
major users of PC LANs are. Hence, these professionals will
be able to exert fuller benefits from the adoption of PC LANs.
10
CHAPTER II
METHDOLOGY
Target Popi�l at i rm
Population refers to all members in the group that
happen to be the focus of the study. As working on small
samples from all professions in Hong Kong may lead to
doubtful inferences and excessive generalization, the
research will thus focus on some selected professions to
obtain larger samples for more representative results, since
the computer profession has gained high prestige among most
local businesses, their views on the local market of IBM-
compatible personal computer local area networks (PC LANs)
should be the roost representative among all professions in
Hong Kong. Hence, the computer profession was selected as the target population.
11 Unit of Analysis
Nowadays, most local businesses have their own
computer specialists who may be in form of a single
professional, a small computer expert team, an EDP
department or even a computer subsidary. The unit of
analysis should be individual company because adoption of PC
LANs is a collective requirement surpassing the different
requirements. However, our questionnaires will be addressed
to individual computer professionals. Hence, in the process
of sampling, we would avoid sending the same questionnaire
to more than one key computer professionals in a particular
firm or a particular branch of a large company.
As the adoption of PC LANs may be governed by firm
size, it is necessary to note significant differences in
survey findings due to this factor. Thus, firm size will be
included as an evaluation element of the study.
In addition, opinions of higher levels of management
may be significatly different from those of lower level
computer specialist. Hence, job function and level of
management will be included as an evaulation parameter of
the research.
12 Population Size
In order to obtain accurate information about the
population size as well as the mailing list for later data
collection purpose, letters requesting for customer lists
were sent to 3Com Hong Kong Ltd and IBM China/Hong Kong
Corporation on 12th November, 1989. However, both requests
were rejected. Then letters requesting for permission to
insert our questionnaires into those advertisements or
newsletters for their customers were sent to these two
companies in early Decemeber 1989. The responses to these
letters were still unfavourable. Copies of these letters
are attached as Appendix 1-8.
The reason for selecting the customers of 3Com Hong
Kong Ltd and IBM China/Hong kong Corporation was that there
are only three major vendors of IBM-compatible PC LANs in
Hong Kong, ie. Novell, 3Com and IBM in order of popularity.
Failing to get the first hand PC LAN customer list,
we proceeded to adopt the approach of conducting research on
the local computer profession. Similarly, letter requesting
for membership list was sent to the Hong Kong Computer
society (HKCS). Copy of this letter is attached as Appendix
9. By early December 1990, the secretary of the Hong Kong
Computer society verbally rejected our request, but promised
to insert our mailing materials into the newsletters
for all her 2,000 members without charge.
13 Not satisfying with only one response group, we
managed to get another valuable mailing list, the list of
200 members of the Electronic Data Processing (EDP)
Management Group, under the Hong Kong Management Association
(HKMA) . All these members hold the more senior EDP
management positions in various businesses of Hong Kong.
Aiming at a better respondent profile, letter
requesting for membership list was sent to the Electronics
Division, the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers on 24th
January, 1990. Copy of the letter is attached as Appendix
10. The Electronics Division was selected because there is
no computer-related division in the Institution. However,
the secretary of the Institution verbally rejected our
request on 30th January, 1990 but promised to provide
mailing labels at the cost of HK$1.00 each. There are about
300 members belonging to the Electronics Division of the
Institution, as informed by the divisional chairman verbally.
With our greatest effort to enhance the respondent
profile, we managed to get another usefull mailing list, a
list of 600 general computer professionals in Hong Kong.
The list was maintained by a famous local computer software
dealer and contains key EDP management staff of a great
variety of businesses in Hong Kong.
14
Sample Size
The Hong Kong Computer society promised us to insert
one to two papers of six inches wide into the newsletters
for all her 2,000 members. As we cannot do any sampling, we
had to conduct a full survey on all the 2,000 members of the
society. However, the huge sample size had to be
compromised with a less efficient research material due to
our limited financial resources. Please refer to the next
section on the selection of data collection methods.
Not all the 200 members of the EDP management club
of the HKMA were consulted because some of them are working
in the same company or in highly-related sister companies.
Hence, only 133 members were chosen after careful screening.
Our principle of sampling is to avoid consulting to more
than one key computer professionals in a particular firm or
a particular branch of a huge company.
Not all the 300 members of the Electronics Division
of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers were consulted
because our financial resource is limited and most of them
are working for the Government or education utilities such
as Hong Kong Polytechnic. At our request, the Institution
sorted out a list of 121 elder members of the Electronics
Division and sold to us. Copy of the invoice is attached as
Appendix 11. After screening out those civil servants,
there were only 67 members who formed our next sample.
15 From the list of 600 general computer professionals,
only 100 were selected using the same principle as mentioned
above, ie. avoid consulting to more than one person of one
firm and avoid excessive responses from civil servants.
Data Collection
It is extremely essential to select and plan
effective data collection methods which would produce valid
original data base for further analysis, presentation and
interpretation.
Objective
Computer professionals are heavily occupied in their
daily businesses and cannot spare much working hours for
other non-productive activities. To resolve this problem,
our objective of the data collection method of this research
is to encourage their participation with disturbance kept
down to a minimal time period.
Selection Of Data Collection Method
Telephone interview was not selected because of its
bothering nature and possible adverse response. The
respondent could unilaterally terminate the interview
without warning or explanation by hanging up the phone.
16
Mail survey by questionnaires will be used as the
principal data collection method. It is cheap, convenient,
useful, of wide geographical coverage and without
interviewer bias. A questionnaire is an efficient data-
collection mechanism when the researchers know exactly what
is required and how to measure the variables of interest.
The data can be collected fairly easily and the responses
are easily coded. However, it has the disadvantages of low
return rates and possible misinterpretation due to poorly
designed questions. Also, any doubts the respondents might
have cannot be clarified. Providing the respondents with
self-addressed stamped return envelopes and keeping the
questionnaire as short as possible will help to increase the
return rates of mail questionnaires.
Questionnaires
Design
Good questionnaire design principles should focus on
three areas: the wording, general appearance and the issues
of how the variables will be categorized, scaled and coded [4].
17 As the respondents have high qualification, the
questionnaire was set in English with some computer jargons.
The questions are set in an explicit and specific manner
with minimum open-end questions. Also, simple and short
questions are adopted. The sequence of question would be
such that the respondents is led from questions of a general
nature to those specific ones; and from question that are
relatively easy to answer to those that are progressively
more difficult. Finally, we avoid sensitive questions
concerning company data and personal information of
confidential nature.
There will be two types of questionnaires of
identical contents but different appearance. Type A is
attached as Appendix 12 and was sent to all the 2,000
members of the Hong Kong Computer Society. An introduction
is used to disclose the identity of the researches, the
purpose of the survey and express the respect to the
significance of the response to be provided. Hence, no
covering letter is used. Perpaid reply postage is not
furnished due to our limited resource and the huge sample
size. The Hong Kong Computer Society allowed us to send
only papers of six inches wide. Hence, the questionnaires
seem to be too small in size. However, to enhance the
response rate, the questionnaire is offset printed on one
single paper with the return address imprinted on the back
for convenient and correct return mailing.
18 Type B is attached as Appendix 13 and was sent to
the other three samples ie. EDP Management Club, Hong Kong
Institution of Engineers and the general computer
professionals. A covering letter is enclosed (as Appendix
14) to clearly disclose our identity, the purpose of the
survey and express the respect to the significance of the
expected reply. Assuring confidentiality and anonymity of
the replies would ensure less biased answers. Prepaid reply
postage is provided to boost the reply rate. Also, the
questionnaire is offset printed on double-fold A4 papers
with the return address imprinted on the back for correct
and convenient return mailing.
Contents
The questions are divided into four parts dealing
with company data, hardware particulars, software
particulars of the system adopted and some personal
particulars. At the end of the questionnaire, the respondents are asked if they wish to receive a summary report.
Despatch Methods
2,000 questionnaires of type A (Appendix 12) were
handed over to the Hong Kong Computer Society. These
questionnaires are anonymous.
19 133 questionaires of type B (Appendix 13 & 14) were
mailed to the 133 companies (see Appendix 15) of the members
of the EDP Management Club, HKMA. The questionnaires were
directly addressed to these members. All these
questionnaires were secretly numbered for later verbal
reminders of early response over telephone.
67 questionnaires of the type B (Appendix 13 & 14)
were mailed with the 67 mailing labels supplied by the Hong
Kong Institution of Engineers. 58 of these labels contain
residential addresses and we have no way to do screening
using our principles (ie. to avoid consulting to more than
one professionals of one company and to avoid excessive
response from civil servants). The remaining 9 labels
contain company addresses.
Finally, 100 questionnaires of type B (Appendix 13 &
14) were mailed to the 100 companies (see Appendix 16) of
the general computer professionals list. All these
questionnaires were directly addressed to these
professionals. Also, these questionnaires were secretly
numbered for later verbal reminders of early response over telephone.
- 香 港 中 文 大 學 圓 書 館 藏 書
20 Research Aids
The raw data from the questionnaires are processed
by SPSS/PC+ to give collated information which was used to
plot graphs.
Summary
The research methodology adopted is considered to be
manageable and reliable. Mail survey was chosen because it
was evaluated as the most cost effective, objective and
efficent method among various alternatives• The
questionnaire was well designed with good layout and short
length so as to encourage higher response rate.
Due to our limited resources, the research is only
conducted for the local computer professionals. The
coverage was considered wide enough to highlight the current
characteristics of the local IBM-compatible PC LAN market,
because in every kinds of businesses, EDP experts already
play dominate roles on the adoption of PC LANs. Moreover,
some of these respondents actually holds very senior
management positions and their views may be regarded as the
most representative among other professionals.
21
CHAPTER III
SURVEY FINDINGS
Despatch and Collection of Questionnaires
A total of 2,000 questionnaires of type A (Appendix
12) were handed over to the Hong Kong Computer Society on
15th January, 1990. The questionnaires have no stamp
sticked on it and no covering letter because of our limited
financial resource. Then the Hong Kong Computer Society
inserted our questionnaires into her newsletters for all her
2,000 members without charge. Starting from 30th January
1990, returned questionnaires were received. Within 3
weeks, a total of 81 returned questionnaires were collected,
representing a response rate of 4%.
A total of 133 questionnaires of type B (Appendix 13
& 14) were sent on 26th January, 1990 directly to 133
members (out of the 211 members in total) of the Electronic
Data Processing (EDP) Management Club, the Hong Kong
Mangement Association (HKMA). The questionnaires have
stamps sticked and covering letter. Starting from 31st
22
January 1990, questionnaires were returned. Within 3 weeks,
a total of 57 valid returned questionnaires were received,
representing a vaild response rate of 44%.
A total of 67 questionnaires of type B were sent on
3rd February, 1990 directly to 67 members (out of 300
members in total) of the Electronics Division, The Hong Kong
Institution of Engineers (HKIE)• Starting from 7th
february, 1990 the questionnaires were returned. Within 3
weeks, a total of 32 valid returned questionnaires were
received, representing a response rate of 48%.
Another 100 questionnaires of type B were sent on 27th
January, 1990 directly to 100 selected persons (out of the
600 persons in total) in the list of general computer
professionals provided by a local computer software dealer.
Starting from 1st February, 1990, questionnaires were
returned. Within 3 weeks, a total of 21 questionnaires were
collected, representing a reply rate of 23%.
Three of the returned questionnaires were not
completely filled and hence rejected from the analysis.
Another 10 questionnaires were returned by the post office
because the receipts could not be located. This was
excluded from the orginal number of despatched
questionnaires during calculation of the actual valid
response rate. A summary of the questionnaires despatch and
23 collection information is shown in Exhibit 1.
24
EXHIBIT 1
DESPATCH AND COLLECTION OF QUESTIONNAIRES
^ , ^ � (2) (3) (4) (5) Trgel Groups HKCS HKMA HKIE GENERAL SUB- TOTAL
TOTAL
Total population 2000 200 300 600 1100 3100 size
Sample size 2000 133 67 100 300 2300
Sampling 100% 67% 22% 17% 27% 74% Percentage Invalid address - 2 - 8 10 10
(A) Valid sample 2000 131 67 92 290 2290 Size
Valid sampling 100% 66% 22% 15% 26% 74% percentage
Questionnaires 81 59 33 21 113 194 returned
Invalid response - 2 1 - 3 3
(B) Valid response 81 57 32 21 110 191
Response rate 4% 44% 48% 23% 38% 8% (B)/(A)
Notes : (1) - (5) P.T.O.
25
Notes (1) All classes of members of Hong Kong Computer
Society (HKCS). The low response rate was due
to absence of prepaid reply postage.
(2) All members of the Electronic Data Processing
(EDP) Management Club, the Hong Kong Management
Association (HKMA).
(3) Full corporate memmbers of the Electronics
Division, the Hong Kong Institution of
Engineers (HKIE)•
(4) A List of general computer professionals
provided by a local computer software dealer.
(5) Sub-total of the results of (2) HKMA, (3) HKIE
and (4) general. They had higher response rate
because the returned questionnaires have stamps
sticked and covering letters.
26
Company Data
Classification
The returned questionnaires were classified
according to their industry type. There are totally 191
replies and the distribution is as follows:
TABLE 1
DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIES
Industry Frequency Percentage
Services 40 20.9
Finance 34 17.8
Trading 24 12.6
Insurance 11 5 3
Engineering 22 1 1 . 5
Manufacturing 12 6.3
Government/Education 16 8.4
Consultant 10 5.2
Others 19 9 9
Unclassified (1) 3 1 6
Total 191 100
Notes (1) The respondents failed to provide any information.
27
Size in Terms of Number of Staff
The size distribution of the companies is depicted below:
TABLE 2
DISTRIBUTION OF FIRM SIZE
No. of Staff Frequency Percentage
Less than 20 17 8.9
20-99 34 17.8
Over 99 140 73.3 *
Total 191 100.0
Clearly, firms with over 99 staff are the majority
within the responses, representing 73 percent of the total
population.
Degree of Computerization
In classifying the degree of computerization within
a firm, the writers chose to use the highest level of
computers being used within the organization. For example,
if a firm has installed both mainframe and mini-computers,
it will be classified as mainframe user within the scope of
this study.
28
As expected, the dominate degree of computerization
in small firms (less than 20 staff) is PC-level while
mainframes are dominant in large firms with over 99 staff.
The mini-computers are dominant within medimum-sized firms (with 20-99 staff).
The firm size is cross-tabulated with the degree of computerization as in Table 3.
29
TABLE 3
DEGREE OF COMPUTERIZATION FOR FIRMS OF DIFFERENT SIZE
Degree of No. of Staff Computerization Frequency Percentage
Less than 20 PC 12 70.6 *
Mini 4 23.5
Mainframe i 5.9
Sub-total 17 100.0
20-99 PC 11 32.4
Mini 19 55.9 *
Mainframe 4 11.8
Sub-total 34 looTo
Over 99 PC 18 12.9
Mini 44 31.7
Mainframe 78 55.4 * 一 一 一 一 一 一 • 一
Sub-total 140 100.0
Grand Total 191
30
Number of PC in Use
For firms with less than 20 staff, nearly 60 percent
have installed one to five personal computers. In contrast,
over 60 percent of firms with over 99 staff has installed
over 50 personal computers installed. For the medium-sized
firms, the number of personal computers is more dispersed
with more than 90 percent within the range from 1 to 50
personal computers.
TABLE 4
NO. OF PC IN USE
No. of staff No. of PC Frequency Percentage
Less than 20 o 0 0
1-5 10 58,8 *
6-10 4 23.5
11-20 1 5.9
21-50 0 0
Over 50 2 11.8
Sub-Total: 17 100.0
31
20-99 0 1 2.9
1-5 7 20.6
6-10 9 26.5
11-20 6 17.6
21-50 10 29.4 *
Over 50 1 2.9
Sub-Total: 34 lOoTo
Over 99 o 0 0
1-5 5 3.6
6-10 8 5.7
11-20 11 7.9
21-50 26 18.6
Over 50 90 64.3 *
Sub-Total: 140 lOoTo
Grand Total 191
PC usage within different industries is cross-
tabulated as follows :
32
TABLE 3
PC USAGE FOR DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES
Percentage T � ‘ Firms Using within the industry PCs industry
Service 16 40.0
Finance 15 44 1
Trading 11 45.8
Insurance 6 54.5 *
Engineering 12 54.5 •
Manufacting 6 50.o
Government/Education 3 18.8
Consultation 3 30 q
Others 8 42.1
Total 80
PC LAN Installed
There are 58.8 percent of all the sampled firms
(ie. 112 out of 191) which has installed PC LANs. The
distribution by size and industry type are depicted in Table
6 and Table 7 respectively:
33
TABLE 3
PC LAN INSTALLED VS SIZE OF FIRMS
Percentage of Percentage of „ ^ Has PC LAN firms with the the total no. No. of staff Installed same size of firm
Less than 20 5 29.4 2.6
20-99 15 44.1 7.8
Over 99 92 65.7 48.4
Total 112 58.8
34
TABLE 3
PC LAN INSTALLED, VS INDUSTRY TYPES
Percentage of , total no. of
Industry Has PC LAN Installed firm
Service 23 12.3
Finance 21 11.2
Trading 14 7^5 Insurance 8 4 . 3
Engineering 1 4 7 5
Manufacting 8 3.2
Government/Education 10 5 . 3
Consultation 4 2.1
Others 10 5 . 3
Total 112 " 5 ^ 8
35
Hardware Particulars
Type of Computers in Use
Around 78 percent (149 out of 191) of the
respondents have installed either mini-computers or
mainframe. Out of these firms with mini or mainframe
computers, only 28 has 20 to 99 staff while all the rest
have over 99 staff.
Those respondsents who use mini- or mainframe computers were not excluded from further analysis because
although the interest of this study is only on users of PC
LANs only, it is very common for firms to have LAN, mini- or
mainframs computers mixing together within organization.
PC LAN Hardware in Use
The actual number of firms using each brand is
depicted in Table 8, whereas Table 9 shows the distribution
of each brand among various industries.
36
TABLE 3
NUMBER OF FIRMS USING DIFFERENT BRAND OF PC LAN
Hardware Type No. of Firms Percentage
Ethernet 78 58.2
Local Talk 5 3_2
Arcnet 10 7.5
Token Rings 25 18.7
Star Lan 8 6.0
Others 8 6.0 mmm mm mm ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
Total 134 100.0
37
TABLE 3
LAN HARDWARE VS INDUSTRY TYPES
Industry Local Token Star Type Ethernet Talk Arcnet Ring Lan Others Total
Service 18 1 0 5 2 2 28
Finance 12 1 0 5 2 2 22
Trading 8 0 2 2 1 1 14
Insurance 3 0 0 4 2 0 9
Engineering 10 0 3 3 0 l 17
Manufacting 5 0 i 0 0 0 6
Government 8 0 0 2 0 1 11 /Education
Consultation 2 2 1 0 0 0 5
Others 10 1 1 1 1 0 14 — — — 一 _ Total 76 5 8 22 8 7 126
Length of Use of PC LAN
Table 10 shows the classifcation of firms into
groups having different lengths of experience of using PC LANs.
38
TABLE 10
LENGTH OF USE OF PC LAN
Length of use No. of Firm Percentage
Less than 1 year 32 29.1
1 year to 1.5 years 25 22.7
Over 1.5 years 53 48.2 * 麵 導 糖 一 一 麵 擊 糖
Total 110 100.0
Assessment of Hardware in Use
The result of assessment of hardware in use are sumitiarized in Table 11.
Table 11
ASSESSMENT OF HARDWARE IN USE
Very Very Good Good Neutral Poor Poor
Cost 8 48 44 6 0
Reliability 12 64 23 7 o
Speed of Response 7 58 30 10 1
Capacity 8 53 38 6 i
Vendor Support 5 34 50 15 1
Overall Rating 5 64 29 7 0
39
Software Particulars
PC LAN Software in Use
A Summary of the firms using different LAN software is depicted in Table 12.
TABLE 12
LAN SOFTWARE IN USE
Type No. of firm Percentage
Novell 72 60
3Com 3 ^
IBM 21 17
Apple 3 2
Others 17 14
Total 121 100
Applications in Use
It will be interesting to know what sort of
applications are being run on the PC LANs. By selecting the
firms which has installed PC LANs and studying their current
applications. Table 13 is produced.
40
TABLE 13
APPLICATIONS IN USE
No. of firm No. of firm Type of Application Using Not Using
Word Processing 90 19
Spreasheet 76 3 3
Accounting 38 70
Database 83 25
Project Management 38 70
Stock control 16 92
CAD/CAM 14 94
Others 29 79
Assessent of software in use
Summary of assessment of software in use are depicted in Table 14.
41
Table 14
ASSESSMENT OF SOFTWARE IN USE
Very Very Good Good Neutral Poor Poor
Ease of use 6 71 26 3 0
Vendor Support 2 37 53 1 1 3
No software bugs 3 27 68 6 2
Documentation 3 51 42 9 1
Error handling 3 31 61 10 1
Reliability 4 61 34 7 0
Visual Appeal 5 47 49 4 0
Overall Rating 3 52 45 6 0
Criteria in choosing PC LANs
The respondents were asked to rate from 1 to 9 (1
being most important) their criteria in choosing PC LANs.
The summary of their responses is shown in EXHIBIT 2.
EXHIBIT 2
CRITERIA IN CHOOSING
PC LANs
Ease
Vendor
to
Market
Price
Reliability
Support
Training
Use
Acceptance
Docunentation
Performance
upgradebility
First
13 *
48 *
4 2
8 8
0 31 *
3
Second
15 *
27 *
15 *
3 4
8 3
30 *
12
Third
11
16
18 *
3 27 *
3 4
21 *
14
Forth
20 *
9
16
2 19 *
7 6
15
23 *
_ 17
9 24
7 18
9 14
8 11
Sixth
12
3 19
17
20
6 19
6 15
Seventh
7 3
12
27
12
18
21
3 14
Eigth
8 1
6 31
9 17
37
1 7
Ninth
14
1 3
25
0 41
13
2 18
N)
43
Job Function
The job functions of the respondents are tabulated in Table 15.
TABLE 15
JOB FUNCTIONS OF RESPONDENTS
Job Function Frequency Percentage
Corporate Management 23 12.0
Communication Management 5 2.6
Technical Management 30 1 5 . 7
Operation Management 6 3.1
Information Management 57 29.8
Technical Staff 27 14.1
Others 4 3 22.5
Total 191 100.0 = —————
Role In Purchasing
The role in purchasing PC LANs of the individuals were tabulated in Table 16:
44 TABLE 16
ROLE IN PURCHASING PC LANs
Role in Purchasing Frequency Percentage
Approve 35 18.3
Specify 1 9 9 . 9
Recommend 72 37.7
Nil 16 8.4
Unclassified 4 9 25.7
Total 191 100.0 = = = _ _ —
Report
Table 17 shows the desirability of the Research
Report to the respondents :
TABLE 17
NUMBER OF FIRMS REQUESTING SUMMARY REPORT
No. Of Firms Percentage
Report required 1 4 1 73.8
Report not wanted 50 26.2
Total 191 100.0
45
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS
Response Rates
The target population is comprised of the member
lists as mentioned in Chapter III. A global response rate of
8 percent is observed, However, should the responses from
the Hong Kong Computer Society members be excluded, the
response rate should be 38 percent instead.
The observed great discrepancy between the response
rates from Hong Kong Computer Society member lists and the
other mailing list is mainly due to the fact that the other
mailing lists are more targetted to the management
professionals who are more willing and interested to
participate in this sort of survey, in return, they are
expecting to get a copy of the summary report, as indicated
in Chapter III. Another factor is that the returned
questionnaires have stamps sticked and covering letters.
46
The writers are satisfied with the good response
rate and believe that it is due to the convenience of the
reply format built—in to the questionnaire during design
stage as well as a good target lists of audience.
Company Data
Classification
The distribution of respondents among different
industry types is shown in Table 1 and Exhibit 3.
Approximately 50 percent are from Service, Finance, Trading
and Engineering, reflecting the general trend of high proportion of these industries in Hong Kong.
EXHI
BIT
3 DI
STRI
BUTI
ON O
F IN
DUST
RIES
No,
of
p7i�
ms
Fina
nce
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faci
uf mc
j (:
ovu"
in-丨en
l/Ed
uc(,
)丨 i(.)n
12
�-
ie
-J
48
Degree of Computerization
From Table 3 and Exhibit 4, it is observed that the
major level of computerization in firm with less than 20
staff is personal computers. For firms with 20 to 99 staff,
mini-computer is the dorminate mode of computerization. As
firm size grows bigger than 99 staff, dorminate level of
computerization is mainframe, mixing with mini-computers and
personal computers.
It is also observed that firms usually use more than
one type of computers, e.g. mini-computers mixing with
personal computers or mainframe co-exist with mini-
computers . T h i s can be attributed to the fact that as the
degree of computerization in Hong Kong improves, coupled
with advancement in hardware technology, firms can better
utilize computers in different platforms in areas where the
platforms serve best. Moreover, user sophistication and demand for decentralized approach of computerization have
helped to spread usage of computers to more user
departments, compared to the traditional centralized
approach of MIS. Of course, this will not happen if not
because of the proliferation of better and cheaper micro- or
mini-computers in the last decade.
EXHI
BIT
4 DE
GREE
OF
COMP
UTER
IZAT
ION
No.
of
Firm
s I
1 1
1
I -
—
I V J V
J •
^^
^^
— —
— —..—...
80
60 [
Less
tha
n 20
20
-99
Ove
r 99
N
o. o
f S
taff
HI
PC
Min
i-com
pute
r P
H
Mai
nfra
me
VD
50
Size in Terms of Number of Staff
In general, the large-sized firms respond more
seriously to the questionnaires. Most of them not only
provided thorough answers to the questionnaire but also gave
additional comments and footnotes.
Among the 191 respondents shown in Table 2 and
Exhibit 5, 8.9 percent have less than 20 staff, 17.8 percent
have 20 to 99 staff, and 73.3 percent have over 99 staff.
EXHI
BIT 5
DIST
RIBU
TION
OF
FIRM
SIZE
No,
of
Firms 20-99
staff
厂葛
,I
(,
〇ve「99 staff
乂
140
乂
Ln
52
The distribution is more concentrated in medium to
large-sized firms because they are more likely to be PC LAN
users and will be more willing to participate in this
survey. The small-sized firms, in contrast, will most likely
use personal computers in a standalone mode. This can be
explained by the phenomenon that as the number of personal
computer grows within those medium to large-sized
organizations, the demand for control and better
communication among personal computers will soon drive to
the need for PC LANs.
Although it is common for large-sized firms to have
mainframes and/or mini-computers installed in additional to
using personal computers, PC LANs still exist in these
organization due to the need for decentralized or
departmental management information system. In fact, many of
these PC LANs installed will have gateways of some sort to
the mainframes/mini-computers for access of corporate data.
Number of PC in Use
The number of PCs installed is observed in Table 4
or 18 to be proportional to the number of staff within the
organization. For firms of less than 20 staff, the modal
class is firms with 1 to 5 PCs installed, representing 58.8
percent of the firms population. For firms of between 20 to
99 staff, 29.4 percent have between 21 and 50 PCs installed.
53
64.3 percent of firms with over 99 staff have more thatn 50
PCs installed.
TABLE 18
NUMBER OF PCs INSTALLED IN FIRMS OF DIFFERENT SIZES
Firm Size
Less than Over N o . of PCs 20 staff 22-99 staff 99 staff Total
0 0 1 0 1 1-5 10 * 7 5 22
6-10 4 9 * 8 21
11-20 1 6 11 * 18
21-50 0 10 26 * 36
Over 50 2 1 90 * 93
Total 17 34 140 191
This is coincident with the writers' expectation
that number of PCs in use is approximately proportional to
the total number of staff. This is particularly ture
recently as users are more knowledgeable about personal
computers and use PCs much more often than before.
54 PC LANs installed
It is observed that large-sized firms are more
intensive users of PC LANs. For firms with over 99 staff, 92
out of 140 have installed PC LANs. This can be explained by
the need for sharing corporate data and applications arised
from larger PC user base.
Around 59 (112/191) percent of the respondents have
PC LANs installed. From Table 19, insurance companies have
the highest rate of usage of PC LANs, with 73 percent of the
population.
TABLE 19
RATE OF USAGE OF PC LANs IN VARIOUS INDUSTRY
No. of firm with PC LAN No. of
Industy Type Installed Firms Percentage
Service 23 40 57.5
Finance 21 34 61.8
Trading 14 24 58.3
Insurance 8 11 72 7
Engineering 14 22 63.6
Manufacturing 6 12 50.0
Government lo 16 62 5 /Education
Consultant 4 10 40.0
Others 10 19 52.6
Total 110 188 59%
55
Hardware Particulars
Type Of Computer In Use
As mentioned in Chapter III, around 78 percent of
respondents have installed mainframes and/or mini-computers.
Around 21 percent of respondents have only installed
personal computers.
PC LAN Hardware In Use
Exhibit 6 shows that Ethernet is the market leader
of PC LAN hardware, occupying 58 percent of market share.
Token Ring is a distant second with 18.7 percent market
share. The rest of the PC LANs market is divided evenly
among Local Talk, Arcnet and Star Lan.
EXHI
BIT
6 LA
N HA
RDWA
RE IN
USE
N
o. o
f Fi
rms
100 I
I 60
40
^H
h
20—•j^B
mm
i
0 H
Lk
^^
Hl
BU
hu
hI
Eth
erne
t Lo
cal
Talk
A
rcne
t To
ken
Rin
g S
tar
Lan
Oth
ers
LAN
Har
dwar
e
cn
57
Length of Use of PC LAN
The use of PC LAN is quite new in Hong Kong market.
As indicated by the survey, approximately half of the
respondents have their PC LANs installed for less than 1.5
years. This is expected since Hong Kong market usually lags
behind the US market for a few years in terms of computer
technology.
Assessment of Hardware in Use
As shown in Table 11, the responses of assessment of
hardware in use are clustered between 'good' and 'neutral'.
It shows that the PC LAN users are in general satisfied with
the PC LAN software that they are currently using.
Software Particulars
PC LAN Software In Use
Exhibit 7 shows that Novell is the counterpart of
Ethernet in LAN software, being the market leader occupying
60 percent of market share. IBM is the distant second in LAN
software vendor, occupying a 17.4 percent market share. This
is in coincident with the research result of LAN usage
worldwide conducted by International Data Corporation as
mentioned in Chapter I.
EXHI
BIT
7 LA
N SO
FTW
ARE
IN U
SE
No.
of
Firm
s 80
—__
• 60
-
im
m
40
um
n • •
• N
ovel
l 3C
om
IBM
A
pple
O
ther
s LA
N S
oftw
are
Un
00
59
Applications in Use
As shown in Table 13, the three most popular
applications running in PC LANs are word processing,
database and spreadsheet, in their order of importance. This
is no surprise to the writers since these are the major PC
applications and are in great demand of data sharing
capabilities.
Assessment of Software in Use
As shown in Table 14, the responses of assessment of
software in use are clustered between 'good' and 'neutral'.
It shows that the PC LAN users are in general satisfied with
the PC LAN software that they are currently using.
60
Observation T^elating Tq The Objectives Of The Survey
The writers would like to analyse in this session
these informaion which is particularly useful in fulfilling
the five objectives of this survey as mentioned in Chapter
I.
Objective 1 : PC LAN Market Segment in Hong Kong
As shown in Table 20, PC LAN usage is more intensive
in large-sized companies in Hong Kong. Over 65 percent
(92/140) of the respondent firms with over 99 staff have
installed PC LANs.
TABLE 20
PC LAN MARKET IN HONG KONG
PC LAN No. of Number of Staff Installed Respondents Percentage
Less than 20 5 17 29.4
15 33 45.5
over 99 92 140 65.7
This observation is valuable as it is generally
assumed that the small-sized firms will be more intensive
users of LANs than large-sized firms.
61
TABLE 21
PC LAN HARDWARE AGAINST INDUSTRY TYPE
Local Token Star Industry Ethernet Talk Arcnet Ring Lan Others Total
Service 18 1 0 5 2 2 28 *
Finance 12 1 2 8 2 3 22 *
Trading 8 0 2 2 1 i 14
Insurance 3 0 0 4 2 0 9
Engineering 10 0 3 3 0 1 17 *
Manufacturing 5 0 1 0 0 0 6
Government/ 8 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 Education
Consultant 2 2 1 0 0 0 5
Others 10 1 1 1 1 0 14
Total 76 5 8 22 8 7 126
62
TABLE 21
PC LAN SOFTWARE AGAINST INDUSTRY TYPE
Industry Novell 3Com IBM Apple Others Total
Service 17 2 2 0 4 25 *
Finance 13 0 6 0 4 2 3 *
Trading 8 1 1 1 1 12
Insurance 4 0 4 0 1 9
Engineering 11 3 1 1 2 18 *
Manufacturing 3 1 1 0 1 6
Government/ 7 1 2 0 2 12 Education
Consultant i 0 2 0 0 3
Others 6 0 2 1 2 11
Total 70 8 21 3 17 119
63
As observed from Tables 21 and 22, service, finance
and engineering are the major users of PC LAN.
It is also observed that the total number of PC LANs
being used in most of the industry types exceed the number
of firms with PC installed. This can be explained by the
phenomenon (as indicated by answers from questionnaire) that
It is common for firms to have more than one unit and/or
type of PC LANs installed, especially in large-sized firms.
Objective 2 : Identify Market Characteristics
The current market is dominated by Ethernet and
Novell in LAN hardware and software respectively. Either of
thein occupy over 59 percent of the specific market (Exhibit
6 and Exhibit 7).
Out of the 112 firms currently using PC LANs, the
reasons for their adopting PC LANs are as shown in Table 23:
p i ^ 中 文 大 學 圊 書 � 藏 " i " !
64
TABLE 23
REASONS FOR USING PC LAN
No. of Firms mention the Percentage
Reasons Reason (112=100%)
Better Communication 61 55.5 *
Company Image 5 4.5
Cost Effective 29 6.4
Resource Sharing 91 82.7 *
Application Driven 40 36.4
Therefore, resource sharing and better communication
serve as the two major reasons for PC LANs usage.
Among those firms which do not use PC LANs at all,
their reasons for not using PC LANs are as shown in Table 24:
65
TABLE 24
REASONS FOR NOT USING PC LAN
Percentage Percentage No. of Firms (79=100%) (191=100%)
Do not know PC LAN 10 12.6 5.2
PC LAN is not cost 24 30.4 12 6 effective •
Other reasons 45 57.0 23.6
Total 79 100.0 41.4
It is interesting to note that 10 firms stated that
they do not know about PC LAN at all. 24 out of 191 (12.6
percent) considered PC LAN is not a cost effective solution
in computerization. 45 out of the total 191 responses (23.6
percent) do not use PC LAN because of some unidentified
reasons. The writers are very interested to know what the
reasons would be. However, the reasons are obviously not one
of the suggested choices in the questionnaire.
34 out of the 191 respondents (17.8 percent)
indicated that they are planning to purchase PC LANs while
45 out of 191 (23.6 percent) will definitely not purchase PC
LANs.
66
Objective 3 : Selection Criteria of LANs
Selection criteria indicated by the respondents are
shown in EXHIBIT 2.
Performance, reliablility and price, in order of
importance, are the three major selection criteria for
potential users to choose their PC LANs.
In short, price performance of the LAN hardware and
reliability of both LAN hardware and LAN software will be
the main concern of LAN users.
Although many existing users are considering
upgrading their existing PC LANs (as shown in next session),
upgradability of the PC LAN is among one of the least
considerations when choosing a LAN solution.
Objective 4: Gap between what are offered and what are
needed
The respondents were asked to grade the LAN hardware
and software by a 5-grade system of which 1 represents very
poor, 2 represents poor, 3 represents neutral, 4 represent
good and 5 represents very good.
The criteria of hardware evaluation are cost,
reliability, speed of response, capacity, vendor support and
finally an overall grading.
67
Similarly, the criteria of software evaluation are
ease of use, vendor support, no software bug, documentation,
error handling, reliability, visual appeal and finally an
overall grading.
A mean score for each criterion is then worked out
by calculating the arithmetic mean of all the responses to
that criterion.
Mean scores thus obtained of PC LAN hardware and LAN
software are depicted in Table 25 and 26:
TABLE 25
MEAN SCORES OF LAN HARDWARE ASSESSMENT
Cost 3 . 5
Reliability 3.8
Speed of Response 3.6 Mean = 3 . 5 6
Capacity 3•6
Vendor Support 3 • 3
Overall 3.6
68
TABLE 26
MEAN SCORES OF LAN SOFTWARE ASSESSMENT
Ease of Use 3.8
Vendor Support 3•2
No Software Bug 3.2
Documentation 3.4 Mean = 3.41
Error Handling 3.2
Reliability 3.6
Visual Appeal 3.5
Overall 3.5
The assessment is further classified according to
the hardware and software type as shown in Table 27 and 28:
69
TABLE 27
MEAN SCORES OF LAN HARDWARE ASSESSMENT - BY HARDWARE TYPE
Local Token Star Ethernet Talk Arcnet Ring Lan Others
Cost 3.6 3.8 * 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6
Reliability 3.8 3.8 3.3 2.9 4.1 3.9 *
Sgeed of 3.6 * 3.4 3.2 2.7 3.7 3.7 Response
Capacity 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.0 * 3.4
Vendor Support 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.6 *
overall 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.7 3.9 ** 3.7
TABLE 28
MEAN SCORES OF LAN SOFTWARE ASSESSMENT - BY SOFTWARE TYPE
Novell 3Com IBM Apple Others
Ease of Use 3.8 3.5 3.6 4.3 * 3.9
Vendor Support 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.7 * 3.1
No Software Bug 3.3 • 2.9 3.I 3.0 3.2
Documentation 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.7 * 3.0
Error Handling 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.7 * 3.1
Relaibility 3.7 * 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4
Visual Appeal 3.5 3.4 3.5 4.0 * 3.5
overall 3.6 ** 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.2
70
In general, the grading is clustered little above
the mean score of 3. Star Lan score the best overall (3.9)
among LAN hardware while Novell score the best overall (3.6)
among LAN software.
Therefore, the writers draw the conclusion that PC
LAN users are generally satisfied with the PC LANs they are
using. However, there are still plenty rooms for
improvements.
Firms planning to change their existing PC LANs
for different reasons are depicted as shown in Table 29:
TABLE 29
PLAN OF CHANGING EXISTING PC LANs
Percentage Reason No. of Firms (112=100%)
Plan to Upgrade 78 70
Plan to Change Hardware 23 21
Plan to Change Software 21 19
It is interesting to note that 70 percent (78/112)
of exising PC LANs users would like to upgrade their LANs.
This can be explained by the expansion of PC LAN application
and usage after the installation.
71
23 and 21 out of the 191 respondents would like to
change the hardware and software respectively. This
indicates that this portion of users are not happy with
their original choice of LANs.
This could be a very great consideration for any
potential PC LAN users before they make the decision to
purchase a particular PC LAN hardware or software.
Objective 5 : Major Applications of PC LANs in Hong Kong
The 112 current PC LAN users were asked to indicate
their application area on their PC LANs and the results are
as shown in Exhibit 8:
EXHI
BIT
8 AP
PLIC
ATIO
NS IN
USE
N
o. o
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hers
App
licat
ions
73
Obviously, word processing, database and spreadsheet
(in order of importance) are the three major PC LAN
application areas in Hong Kong.
It can be explained that as volume of word
processing grows, the need for sharing the document become a
necessity which can best be provided by using PC LANs.
Database and spreadsheet applications are obviously
good candidates for using PC LANs as they require lots of
data sharing capabilities.
Job Function
As shown in Table 15, the majority (63.2 percent) of
the respondents are in management level• They surely have
influence in choosing the; PC LANs that they use. Therefore,
the responses are representative of the actual PC LAN users
and responsible answers are assured.
Role in Purchasing
As shown in Table 16, majority (65.4 percent) of the
respondents have significant role in the actual purchasing
of the PC LANs, either in approve, specify or recoitimend
roles. Therefore, the writers are confident that the survey
were addressed to the right audience and their opinions are
valuable in assessment the actual PC LAN market in Hong
Kong.
74
Report
Table 17 shows that 73.8 percent of the respondents
request a copy of the survey report. This indicates that the
subject of study is of great interest to the computer
profession in Hong Kong and the survey findings could
be beneficial to the profession in general.
75
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
As the survey findings have been found informative
and indicative of current utilization of PC LANs in Hong
Kong, the writers consider that the objectives set for the
research as stated in Chapter I have been satisfactorily
achieved. Hence, valid conclusion can be safely drawn and
constructive recommendation derived.
Conclusion
Since survey was conducted on Hong Kong computer
professionals through representative member lists like Hong
Kong Computer Society and EDP Management Club of Hong Kong
Management Association, the data collected are very complete
and representative for drawing directive conclusion.
The writers also conceive that the topic of the
research is of great interest to the computer professions.
As indicated, a high response rate of almost 38 percent for
76
stamped questionnaires has been attained. Moreover, 74
percent of the respondents desired to receive a copy of the
research report. Therefore, the writers believe that the
result of the survey findings is of value both to the
writers themselves and the computer profession in Hong Kong.
Another important point is that the majority (63.2
percent) of the respondents are in management level. Also, a
majority (65.4 percent) of the respondents have significant
role in the actual purchasing of the PC LANs, either in
approve, specify or recommend roles. Therefore, the writers
conclude that the survey findings are significant in
reflecting the actual PC LAN market situation in Hong Kong.
Extent of Usage of PC LANs in Hong Kong
As 59 percent of the respondents have installed at
least one PC LAN in their firms, the writers draw the
conclusion that PC LAN usage is very popular in Hong Kong,
especially in Insurance (73 percent), Engineering (64
percent), Governement/Education (63 percent) and Finance (62
percent). This is in coincident to writers' expectation that
these industries are more intensive user of PC LANs.
PC LAN Market Segment in Hong Kong
From the survey findings, Insurance (73 percent of
respondents are PC LAN users), Engineering (64 percent),
77
Governement/Education (63 percent) and Finance (62 percent)
are the major users of PC LANs. This is in coincident to
writers' expectation that these industries are more
intensive user of PC LANs.
It is obvious that firms with over 99 staff are more
intensive user of PC LANs, with 66 percent having installed
PC LANs. In comparison, smaller firms have less than 50
percent being equipped with PC LANs. This could be explained
by the fact that requirement of PC LAN grows with the need
for better communication within an organization as the
number of staff increases.
PC LAN Market Characteristics in Hong Kong
The current PC LAN market are dominated by Ethernet
and Novell in hardware and software respectively. Both of
them occupy approximately 60 percent share of the
corresponding market. They are both not being threatened
greatly by their competitors because the second market
leaders within both PC LAN hardware and software are kept a
long distacnce behind, occupying less than 20 percent of
market share.
Resource sharing and better communication are the
two major reasons for PC LAN usage in Hong Kong.
78
On the other hand, one third of firms not using PC
LAN consider PC LAN is not a cost effective method.
Selection Criteria of PC LANs in Hong Kong
Performance, reliability and price, in their order
of importance, are the three major selection criteria for
Hong Kong users to choose their PC LANs.
On the other hand, training, documentation and
market acceptance are the least considered factors when a
potential user choose PC LANs in Hong Kong.
Gap Between What are Offered and What are Needed
for PC LANs in Hong Kong
Generally speaking, PC LAN users are satisfied with
what are offered in the PC LANs they are using in Hong Kong.
However, there are still plenty room for improvement
especially in vendor support which scores only 3.3 for
hardware and 3.2 for software out of a scale of 1 to 5.
Majority of the existing PC LAN users are
considering upgrading their LANs. This can be partially
explained by the expansion of application and usage after
the first installation. However, it could also be due to the
fact that the users are not getting what they want from
their LANs. Approximately one fifth of existing PC LAN users
79
are considering changing their hardware and software. This
is either an alarming signal or an opportunity for all PC
LAN vendors in Hong Kong.
Major Applications of PC LANs in Hong Kong
Word processing, Database and Spreadsheet, in their
order of importance, are the three major applications
running in PC LANs in Hong Kong. These are applications
which require lots of resource sharing and communication
requirement and are thus suitable candidates for PC LAN
implementation.
Recommendation
Based on the survey findings, there are some
important recommendation that the writers believe could be
beneficial to both PC LAN users and vendors.
Firms Already Installed PC LANs
70 percent of existing PC LAN users are considering
upgrading their PC LANs. It is advisable for these users to
make careful study before they upgrade their LANs.
Upgrading a PC LAN may not be as simple as it
appears. As number of users wihtin a PC LAN increases, there
will be potential problems arised such as security and
80
control. Some PC LANs are suitable for small number of users
only because they do not have much security and recovery
features built in. As traffic within a PC LAN increases, the
band width of the communication link could be overloaded and
be a bottleneck of the system irrespective of how powerful
the server engine could be. These are just a few important
consideration when a PC LAN has grown to a certain extent.
Therefore, when the number of users increases, PC LAN may
not be a cost effective/efficient solution. Instead, these
firms should start to consider other alternatives such as
mini-computers or mainframes which are more catering to
large number of users and better resource sharing.
Even when conclusion of upgrading PC LAN is drawn
after careful study has been conducted, it is advisable for
firms to do detailed sizing before they make decision to
upgrade their LANs. The fact that 70 percent of existing PC
LAN users are considering upgrading their LANs reflects that
most of the users have not done effective sizing before they
purchased their LANs. Having conducted intensive sizing
exercise could ensure the firms purchasing the right level
of hardware and software capability and prevent future
headaches in another upgrade.
Moreover, since one fifth of existing users would
like to change their existing hardware/software, it is
advisable for the users to carefully select the appropriate
81 hardware/software before the change so as to prevent future
unsatisfied experience and the need for further changes.
Firms Not Yet Installed PC LANs
For firms which have not installed any PC LANs yet
but are considering this approach, the need for careful
sizing exercise, careful evaluation among alternatives of PC
LAN, mini-computer and mainframe and choosing the
appropriate hardware/software before they make their
investment should follow the same reasoning as mentioned in
the previous section.
In making the decision, they are in a better
position because they will not be bound by what they have
already installed and should therefore make use of the
opportunity more carefully.
For firms not considering using PC LANs at all, it
is advisable for them to look carefully on the benefits of
PC LANs in their organization. PC LAN solution has its pros
and cons in comparing to other alternatives such as
standalone personal computers or mini-computers. It is
important to make sure that firms decide not to install PC
LANs is a result of careful evaluation and not because of
the ignorant of the benefit of PC LAN.
82
Marketeers
As established, PC LAN is a fast growing industry.
According to the survey findings, there are 40 percent of
the firms still not using any PC LAN at all. Also, majority
of existing users are considering either upgrading or
changing existing hardware/software. It is also common for
firins to have more than one PC LAN installed within the same
organization as shown in the survey. All these facts show
that there is still plenty of room for the growth of PC LAN
market in Hong Kong.
The marketeers should note that performance,
reliability and price are the major selection criteria for
potential users to choose their PC LANs in Hong Kong.
Therefore, they should strive to improve these aspects of
their products in order to out-perform their competitors.
Industries like Finance, Services and Engineering
are the major users of PC LANs. The vendors should thus
concentrate their marketing effort towards these industries
to gain a better market presence.
The fact that 70 percent of existing PC LAN users
are considering upgrading their LANs and one fifth are
planning to change their existing hardware/software presents
to the vendors a good opportunity to improve their market
83 share. On the other hand, they should also be careful not to
lose their existing users to their competitors.
Since the three major application areas of PC LAN
usage are word processing, database and spreadsheet, it is
advisable for PC LAN vendors to provide better interface of
their products to popular softwares in these three areas to
help boost their sales. It would be beneficial if they could
form strategic alliances with the popular application
software vendors since it is indicated that 36 percent of
the PC LAN sales are actually application driven.
Noting the fact that it is common for firms to have
more than one PC LAN installed and/or have PC LANs co-
existing with mini-computers and/or mainframes, PC LAN
vendors should develop better interface of their products to
PC LANs of other brands and to mini-computers and/or
mainframes. In short, they should target their products to
excel in a heterogeneous computer platforms environment
which is the most common phenomenon in data processing
nowadays. Whoever could satisfy the need for better data
sharing in a heterogenous environment would surely be best
positioned to become the market leader in the following
decade.
It is indicated that 57 percent of firms not
currently using PC LANs decided not to for some unidentified
reasons (Table 24). It is advisable for marketeers to
84
investigate in details what are the major reasons for firms
not using PC LANs and then devise a marketing programme to
promote sales to this virgin market.
85
a p p e n d i x 1
^ ^ ^ THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 香 港 中 文 大 學
; ; ; ; ; ^ ; ; ^ ^ ; ; ^ 。 恥 : ; ; ^ ; ; 拟 ” . 霄 • : 零 .
管理學院頑士3程
舰 Prognmincs o- os2783 Ficuhy of Business AdministntioQ 3-7225808 (Town otntrt) 學生專颶研究用奠 Student Research Projects
November 12, 1989
General Manager, Trade Corporation,
47/F, TWO Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Hong Kong
Dear Sir, Re: List of LAN users in Hong Kong
� r o g r ^ e students of the 二 恕 T e n t , 二 。 二 兰 S 忠 4 s 二 』 u J
二 二 二 : 二 a O b J M t y g would be area network users to vhGh 二 ^ tl^H K H ^。此
informative data in p r o c e & J S ^ r l e ^ i i ^ f P r o a c h for
二 r ^ ^ ^ s S S S d S r l ;仏 盟 \ „ S t U e = S /� l e l y for our academic advise the u n d e r 二 , a p p r o v a l , please When the list is rl^g ? a t 5-8082311
Thank you for your co-operation.‘
Yours sincerely,
cneung Wing Kin ‘ MBA I I I Chinese University of Hong Kong
•v
87
a p p e n d i x 2
OCftc. f'l \he M&MJII"'I Dlr.., ""'' ~N/1\ona ~c..,..._
November 2t, 1989
~. Win9-kin Cheun9 MIAIII Chine•• tJniveraity of Jlong long Shati~, H. '1'.
Dear Mr. Cheung,
88
swn... ,-..l..ct "...-. • C:OU.\IIh( "'"·"-I~ TtJcphoM: ... .,.. Tea IIIN tlwat Ha
I am wr1tinv with reference to your recent letter to our Mana9in9 Director, reque1tin9 for a li•t of IBM Looal Area Network uaer• in Hon9 10n9.
...
I am 1orry that we vill not be abl• to eupply the information you requa•t•4 a• it ·11 not our praot1oe to dilolo•• information relatln9 to our ouatomer•' inetallation without havin; their prior con1ent.
Thank• for your intere1t in our ouetomara and wiah your project e~ery eucoe••· .
Sincerely,
Franoi1 ~.x. xwong Administrative A••iatance to Manavinv Direotoz
I ,,
, I
, I
:11
89
a p p e n d i x 3
- 90
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG· KONG · fi ~- ~ X ;k ~
IftWJI~~IJ±Ilfi WIA Proarammea Paculty or Bualnta Admlnbtntlon
·~-··il9tlft. Snadut Reauda Projecta
Manager Director IBM China/nono Kong Corporatjon Jlrd Floor, Tvo Excbau9e &quare I Connaught Place Hong Kong
Dear Sir,
Than~ you for your pro•pt ref)ly concerning a. 11et of IBM LocAl Area Netvor~ users in Boug Kon9. Aa an alternative, would you pleaH~ consider t·o insert onr queutinnnai fe into those advertise~aaenta or newsletters for your custo~era ?
Looking forwards to your favourable reply.
Hr Vi ng-ki n Claeung MBA Year 3 ntudent 5-8082311 (Office) 3-1860099 (FAX)
1
I
I: I
·.I
I'
\
'\
91
a p p e n d i x 4
==---. Ea. == E ==e..:: = === -~~ .:§, - -- ::= . . ~ ,.. ..=.. - --= - N
=- ='== cJmr .. "' '"" ... .,..., .. •~ IIM c )t6na/llu•'l -. .... c • ..,..,..._
December 29, 1989
Mr. Wing-kin Cheung MBAIII Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T.
Dear Mr. Cheung,
92
SW no.. Two~~ • r~nauatM ~.I ~aft~Trkptw:~
Trin: 11211' IMKliiiX
I am writing with reference to your recent letter concerning your study on IBM Local Area Network usera in Hong ~ong. We have considered your support requeat but regret to infor.m you that we cannot offer any assistance.
Thank you for your interest in our customera.
. . ... : . . . _.
. .. : .· .. .... . . .
.-.·
· ..... .• . . . . . .. ·
Sincerely,
Robert M. Savage Managing Director
.· . ·: .
0 • • •• • • • •• • ~· •• • • .. • • J - - -:-- .
>> :: ~·:· ,.· .· _:.~:~ .. :.}d:··~· . _-':-,:>: . . . . .. . . •. -- ~ ~ . . .
. . . ·: ;: ' . · . . ·
93
a p p e n d 工 X 5
94
^ ^ ^ ^ THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 香 港 中 文 大 學
工«管理學院頑士费程 MBA PropMiunes (^2783 Ficuhy of Business Administntion 3-7225806
(Town cantrt) 曙生專騮研究用箋 Student Reseuch Project!
November 12^ 1989
General Manager, 3Com Limited, 2082, Admiralty Centre Tower I 18 Harcourt Road, ‘ Hong Kong
, I
I !
Dear Sir, 丨
List of LAK users in Hong Kong S i 二 e a u ^ S L T f / S r S r L ; : ? r�gr, 、students Of the :;
蹇 i 目 • • ! 酵 d ‘
Thank you for your co-operation.
Yours sincerely,
—- . - -- • — —. - -
cneung Wing Kin MBA III Chinese University of Hong Kong
95
I i j
!
I a p p e n d i x 6 I
' l l
II
ir
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. . . . . .. .. ..
. . :.~· ' .... :" ,..:. , ~. . . . .. • .. . ..
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. . •· . ·: ·g~ . :·... \ .: < · ... .. :.. . . ·'
aoot·»~ vll • 89 oe~at
fC(onj_ ___ --- ··----·- . ·-·-
24 November 1~8Y
Mr Cheung Wing Kin M8A Ill Chfnese Un1vers1ty ~i H~ng ¥ong Shat in Nttw Ttrr 1 ~or i _., Hono kono
Oe.;r Mr Cheung
r. 1 .• a
)I ·•' " ·~ L~ i~ . .,. ,,.,.---.~· ( .. .: AJr..~r...a.,· ~.w: ~~i
;3 HMu ,.,. ""-' tt.~~ T~~-~~~ht ~w: ~&.JtN "\ ~,~yj -: ~~ n\'' ~~.x
t , •• ee1veci your lett~r ~,. ~2 Mov~mber 19BS, re~J~d1ng cut ~u~tG&Daa· l1st. i "'C;\otld ,,ke t-o be hi~pful 'tn rtgard~ tc- .)OU~ rt::.~flrt.;h prujf:r.\.. :Jr.1:.">rl~l\l'te~y. 1t 1~ the po11cy of 3Coo> Curpet·•t1on to not c'~lr~l\ute Gur cust~ft4tr lis~hag datoba:e.
Go~d luek with yo~r pr-oj~ct, .tnd l wi~h yt.J\J ·a suc~~ssfu1 t:ump-~tt'\or. c;f your MS/, courses.
S1nttre1y
lt11 Mess•r \rei Manager \s 1 an ()per at 1ons
M/rs
. I
'I.
97
a p p e n d i x 7
•
98
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG· KONG · ~ iO rp -,t * 4! TllEGIWII • SIHC:NlRIITY
IHATIN·NT·HONGKONO·TIL..:O-Ia82111 • TlllX • MlD1 CUt« HX • FAX • (112l O-IK4Dt
IR'rll~~il±ltfi MIA Propvnmn Paeuhy or Bullnns Adml.nlJtratlon
•~-••il9tm• Srvdent leaareh ProjecU
Managing Director 3 Cc. Bong long, Lt4 2802 - 2804 AdairaltJ Centre Tower 1 18 Barcourt Road Rong long
uea a· sir,
T11ank you fot· your prot~pt" reply concerning ~list of IBM LocAl Area Netvorl\ us~rfl in Doug ~on9. ~~ ~n alternltiv•, would you ~lea11P. consider t n 1 nsert our tiUentionnA l re tu to thoHe advertise•enta or nevsl et t era for your cua t 0111era ?
Looking forwards to your favourable reply.
Mr Yilag-kin Cheung MBA Year l ~tudent S-8082311 (Office) l-7860099 (FAX)
1
•I
I I I
,,
I', \,
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,,,
99
a p p e n d i x 8
S C o n j T 100 fcrfHtftt^Ui
TMWI tlHifo^llW
FAX TransiPlsslon S^fj^tiT^^、 Tdrt: 7)55) HIBCKX
December 6, 1989
To : Mr Cheung Wing Kin
K如、”ader, MBA Year 3 Student 了he Chinese University of H ^ g Kong
. From : Mr Bill Messer
•
I
I I
Dear Mr Cheung I:
Good luck on your project. h
,1'
Sincerely 〉
. TI I
Bill Hesser Area Manager Asian Operations
3C007/14 «
• • • • • • • • ••‘ •• ••• •• . •: 二 : . • • • • : . - • •/- .:-.. • . .• . . •••. .- .. • • V - . , : . • . • .. • . -
:..:厂-••. • . • ... . .• . . . - . . . •. ;; . . . .
, . - • • . 、 . • • .;• •• •. . • .. . • • v • . . . . ••.. • , ..:、:•• : • •., • •• • • • 羞 • • • - • • • • • • • • • • 、 • • , , • : . . • • • , ..:•: . .... ••••• .. :. ..-.••• •• ‘: •;•:•「:.•丄:.:。、-.• • : • • •• • • • •• • • • . •• • • . • • . • • • . . • , •• • - • 贅 急 • • i •-
101
a p p e n d i x 9
102
^ ^ 丁HE CHINESE UMIV^^^I^^^O^I^G KONG 香 港 中 文 大 學
工 理 學 院 頑 士 課 程 MBA Progr»inines ^ ^ Faculty of Business Adminisuition IT^JB
n W ) cantrt) 學生專 «研究用箋 Student Restirch Projects
December 4, 1989
Richard K. Li, President, Hong Kong Computer Society IVr, 485 Lockhart R o a d , ‘ 丨 Causeway Bay Hong Kong ]
. 11
I,
Dear Sir, I'
Re: Membership List
讓 • S P ! 磁 s s H t ! - ;! project to ascertain the extent of application and utilization of local area network in HonrKo^. I
i H l i l t i l s 兹 J H S F ‘
Thank you for your co-operation.
Yours sincerely,
Cheung Wing Kin MBA III Chinese University of Hong Kong
103
A P P E N D I X l o
•
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
ltlfGMM • SINCNl"'ITY SH &TIN · NT ·HONG KONG · Tl L.: o-88121 1 1 • 11LIX • 1030\ CUHK tol •
~ MX • CIUl 0-~
Ift'lll-rlil±llft MBA ProJRIM'II Faculty or Bullnns Administration
llr Jl B Aa Divisional Cbair•aa Electronics Division The Bong long Institution of Engineers 9/F Island Centre
-· 1 Great George Street Causeway Bay Bong lont
near Sir,
;
•
104
24tb Jaunary 1990
List of Me•hera of Electronics Division, RliE
" I ,,
\'1 \,
Il l
I
Ye are 1 group of part-tiae MBA progra .. e students of the Chinese University \, of Rong long. As part of our graduation requirement, ve are nov conducting a business research project to ascertAin the extent of application and utilization of personal c011pnt.er loeal area netvorke in Rong Kong. la thia connection, ve should be •uch obliged if you would be kind enougb to provide aa at our coat a full lilt of •e•bera of Electronics Division, DKIE to vbicb ve will approaeb for inforaative data in processing our research. le confira
·. tbat the liat will be used' solely for our acade•ic purposea. Aa aa alternative, you ·aay insert our questionnaires of only one A4 page into your next periodicals for _tbe ae•bera or Electronic• ntvision, RilE. Sbould our · request aeet your approval, please advise ae during office hour at 808 2311.
Tbank you for your cooperation.
Yours faithfully,
tA~tJtJJ~ Cbeung Ving lin Group Leader
105
a p p e n d i x 1 1
‘ ‘ • . . . • ‘ • « .
106
HONG KONG INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS J T T P S S U U ^ C ^ R S I CRTTL C ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M T T W
INVOICE D a t e : _ 2 Z ^ ^^
T o : M r C h e u n g W i n g - k i n •
丨 tem Description Amount H K $
1 One set of label (^HK$1.00/pc) $ 12i.oo ;
m^mmmmmm (
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Payment should be settled wfthln 14dayi For and on uhair of f f o m date of I n v o i c e T h ^ H o n g K o n g institution of Enfl lnMf
Payment by cheque should be made payable to ^^^ " T H E H O N G K O N G I N S n T U T l O N O F E N G I N E E R S ' \ j J / 7
and crossed ^ L J U . ^ ^ ^
Author! Signature
107
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rom _t
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cify、
m
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t jj 雄
uofc 0>«tf•息
tw ..Mnr report .t tkl.
I] Y«
|1
•jrabolie 9ftmm •f pw»*r
;:
^
I) l*r»J«et
f) CAl/CM
n AMNBtlac
(I OtUr* ( plm
mmm •pMlff )
••• M
“
_ 1
t 1
• •
•峰
播
o 00
. 109
• '• ;
• STAMP
Mr W K C h e u n g Flat 6 A , H o i M i n g M a n s i o n R i v i e r a G a r d e n s T s u e n V a n New T e r r i t o r i e s
110
a p p e n d i x 1 3
;;;!;;g^RSITY OF HONG KONG 香 港 中 文 大 爭
“ " “
*»oA rrogr&mm«t Ptculty of Burinea AdministraUon ^^2799
,生專•研*用箋 夂 时 Sh)“m Reaetjch frojeeu
30 January 1990
Dear Sir/Madam » • •
- • s • I
• f S
� 丨 o r - 剩 � the 。f。„ • 吻 . . n ,
Yours Truly
,emig Ving jcin Group Leader
112
a p p e n d i x 1 4
AFPuaTion or rnioNAL cowrm UKAL AREA
ircrvoui iv
none KONC
Mku
whn PAnctJuis
• group o(
nrt'l
im
NBA Third Yor ttodtnu of CUNK conducting
;卯
r对y of P«r_oiwl CMputtr local «rt« n«t«orkf ia Non9 Kong.
11. Typ« of har4v«r« in
【)Ethernet
【丨 Local talk
Tfr fl
Uctr
t M§
W9 to thii quMtiofinairt and prompt rttMrn to ut
【】Arcnet
丨丨 Token rinq
•ill bt Mck apprtcitttd. Afttr coaplttioo, juit (old vp
th«
p«p«r.
() star l«n
•tttp iBd drop to tht B«arby Mil box. Think you lo such!
【】others ( plc«M specify )
OMPAinr DATA
12.
Typti and
numbers of PC
Nodes in ut«
1. CUftification [】Strvicei [) Finance 【】Trading (】Io»ur«nce
uniti of IBM - AT / Co«p*tible
[】Engineering () Uv 【】Medical () Architecture
units of IBM - XT / Cospatible
[j W«ntt(«cturin9 (J Accountin9 (] Confult«nt
units of Apple / Coapatible
【J Keal Ctt«t» 【】Oth«rt (pl«af« •pecify)
ZZZZZZZII units of PS 2 / Co«p«tible
2.
of tuff
��
u..
th.n 20
unif of
Other
. (
.pecify )
【】20 to 99
��
100
or over
13. Leogtb of
(] L««t
th«n 1 y««r
3. D^r^ or co.put.ri..tion
�j jjn
!j 1 I,
”二
二;: ^
”…
【】Pcr«on«l CMputcr
jj 二
=二
二”
: ut r
…•••••nt of tb« hardware of the PC LAN in u"
4. Hov
PC
do^.
your
co.p..y【】
0
[】1-5
co.t
‘ 了
广
T “
V b•竹?
【】6-10
0 11-20
l«ll«bility
【】
(] (j
【】
(j
【】21-SO
(] Oyer SO
Sp««d of rctponte [】
【】
[】
【)
()
.,
Capa
city
() fl
fl ri
ri 5. It your co«p«By •qaipiMd with PC LAJlt? *【】Y"
() No
Vendor Support
【】
【】
[)
[j
[J
• if
90 to 丨
ovT^iiut…
0
I)
【】
n 0
,^
. tO
mkW
MTICTUM
• • wby do«tii I your coapany vant to parcb••鮝 a fc LAN7
I ^
15.
Typ. of foftvtrt
of tb« PC U
N i. o.e
【]Ftir of lots of control
fl Hj
��MoYtll
�
�3
Co.
[�IBM
��Appl«
0 TOPS
[】
Othtri ( pUait apcify )
【】Otbtrt ( pUaie ipccify )
7. It tb«rt any pUn to purcbaf* PC LAN ?
|【】Y«f « () No
16. Application arvai
1
if
tir
'k^
• ,
•
U
pro
c«ta
ln
9
【】
D^
Ub
aw
M
DA
^m
nt
J
Sto
ck
Co
ntro
l
! }
J ” 18
(J Sprod .h..!
��frojtct
��CAD/CAN
* ticked, pi
go
to 2
2 【】Acco«iitl«9
(] Othtrf ( pU«.« .peclfy )
•• n'sJuJ^^IiZlfilMl!' • r?
K •
17.
of t“
.oftvre of tb« fC LAK in u"
IJ ••ttr coMUDic龜tioo 【J B«tttr sbar* of rmurcct
fl lM
9«
(] Ap
plica
tion
drive
n TytLlllllill Of
Oct"
Vgood
Good
N.utr.l
Poor
V Poor
u •iwiic
ttat
ut ot povtr
Eat* of U
m ��
I�
•
()
��
,—
r 二二
•[】】
【【】】((】】[【】】(【】】
•xiting PC UM vlthin on. yar?
【】Yt.(】No
Doci—.t«tiM
(j
【】
(j ()
(j
10.
DO., your
ccpany pU„
to ch.n..
SJuaMmJ'"
[j
[J
[I
[j
[|
your
PC LAJI .•ndor. for H.rdv.r.,【】Y..【】No
Vi.u.l Appl.l
(]
[,
f)
[j
[J
… So
ftwar•
?
fl Yt
f 0
No
Overa
ll Ra
tiii9
��
�
�
() �
�
() M CO
1 •>
18.
Vbat
ar會
you
Mjor
criteria in chooaing fC
LANs?
fltatt
rati fro« 1 to
10 ( 1 being
the aoit important)
【】
Price
【】Reliability
(i Vtndor Support
f i Training
(i
Ca8«
of Ufe
f j
Market Acceptance
(]DocuMOtation
[j
Perfo
rMDc
e 【】
Upyradibillty
[】Oth.M ( Pltase 8p«cify )
19.
Your
job
function i雇
n
Corpor«t« sanageMnt
[] Operating aanag«Mnt
��
CoMu
nic暴
tion
aan
agtM
nt �
�DP
/info
rMtio
n p
rocts
sin^
i»9t.
[】
Technical Mnageaeot
【】Technical staff or
consultant
20.
Your
role
in purchasing the
PC LAN
is
[] Recomnd
[】Specify
STAMP
[】Approve
() Nil
IITER
VIEV
21.
Do
you
v«Dt to
have
an interview vitb
U8?
(] Yes
【】No
Mr
W K
Cheung
m^H
j Fla
t 6A
, Hoi
Ning
Man
sion
Riviera Gardens
22.
Do
you
wish
to
rectivc a
copy
of
tht suMMry rtport of this lurvty?
【】YM 【】No
丨erricoriw
…End
of Ou««tionnairc …
—
TIANC
YOU
APPLICATION OR
PERSONAL COMPUTER U)CAL AREA VETVOIUCS IN
HONG
EOMG
HARDWARE PATICUURS
are
亀 group of Part-Tiw NBA
Third Year
•tudtnt雇 of
CURK
conducting
* Mrktt turvey of personal computer local «rea
n«tvorki in Hoog
Kong.
11.
Type
of hardware in use
() Ethernet
() Local talk
Your
linctre
ansvera to th
is questionnaire and
prompt return
to
ui
[) Arcnet
() Token ring
"ill
be
such
appreciated. After completion, just
(old
up
tbe
pap«r,
(] Star
lan
•t"P "d drop to the n««rby sail box. Think you so Much!
(j Others ( please specify )
COHfAMY DATA
12.
Types an
d nuMbers of PC
Nodes in use
1. ClaMification [】Services (] Finance 【】Trading 【]Insurance
units of IBM - AT / Conpatible
[]Engine«ring [] Lav
[] Medical
[] Architecture
units of IBM
- XT
/ Coapacible
[】
Manufacturing 【】Accounting
[] Consultant
units of Apple /
Co«p«tible
门 Real
Estate 【】
Othen (pl««8e specify)
units of PS 2
/ Coapatible
^ ^
, ,
units
of
Othe
rs ( p
lease
spec
ify )
2.
Nuaber of staff
(J less
than
20
[)20
to
99
【】100 or over
13. Length of use
[] L«ts than 1 y«ar
,_
(j 1
year
to less
than
1 1/2
years
3. I>«9rte of
coapuUrization
[】Nil
【】j 1/2 y,«rf or aort
【】Peraoiul coaputer
n 鹏inico«puter
14.
AssessMnt of tbe
hardware of the
PC
LAN
in use
(]aaio
fraM coaputer
.-
^ V
good
Go<m1
Neutral
Poor
V Poor
4. Hov Mn
y PC«
does your co
apmy
[] 0
��
co
st
[�
()
[� []
n •?
IJ 6-10
(J 11-20
Reliability
[】
(] 【】
(] []
��21-50
(] Ovtr
50
Spe«d of rcfponse
(]
��
�
] [�
[]
【,
Capacity
[)
()
(]
(]
(1
It your coapany •quipped with PC
LANB?
* (] Y«f
(] No
Vendor Support
()
[]
(j 【】
[]
• .
Overall RatiDg
(]
()
f]
[1
[1
• it ticktd, please
90 to
8
" "
u ^
^ ,
SOFTWARE
PATICUURS
Why do«8n't your coap«ny vaDt to purchase 應
PC LAN?
El I
_uch
about PC LAN
15.
Typt
of loftvarc of tbe
PC LAN
it ut«
[j F«4r
of lo靡
,of control
[1 ?
®5 •tUctivt
��Movtll
[] 3 Co. n
IBM
[] Apple
(] TOPS
[�
Oth
.r.
( p
l««.«
tptcK
y )
[) Ot
btrs
( pl«i
»t •p
«cify
)
7. If tbtr* any plan to purchaac PC LAN ?
丨【】Y«f & () No
16. Application
I if ticked
,,
I]
procM.ing 【]0«t«b«s« Mnivmnt
J Stock Control
:;
;J?••“
«。f。iJ
【】Spnud sbttt
[】Projtct M
n^mnt
[】CAD/CAH
4 if ticked,
90
to 22
0 Accounting
[] Oth«r. ( pl«..« .p«clfy )
‘ t^:
,
• n.
nt
Of th
. .of
tw.r.
of
tbe P
C LAN
in u
.e iJ
會r coMunicatlon
[】B«tt®r fhare of resources
CoapMy iM9c
[) Application driven
丨】
】二
=:
•。
—【
一
—•
• T
,T
"r
r
•X1«1 叫
PC UN within
one y.r?
(] Y.s �
�No
Documentation
()
(j
(]
[]
[\
DO.,
your
ccpa
ny p
U„ t
o ch•叫
• M
ulbu
ui"'
\\
fl \]
f;
\\ yo«r exi.ting PC UN vendor, for H.rdv.r.,【】Y« 【】iio
V?二•!
[]
[j
M Software?
【】
Yef
【】No
Ovtrall
Rttio?
【】
【】
【]
[1
H
u IJ
(J
^
1 ->
…-
:-
"‘ -
—
...
mSORAL FArriCUURS
18.
What
ire
you
Mjor
criteria in chootiny PC
LAN雞
?
PlMM ritt f
ro® 1
to 10 (
1 being th
e aoat
iaportant)
[】
Price
[】
Reliability
[j
Vendor Support
[]Training
[�E
ase
of
Utt
【j
Market Acceptance
[)DocQMOtation
【]Perfonunct
[】
Up9radlbility
【】Others (
Please specify )
19.
Your
job
function it
I] yrpoMte Mn«9eMnt
[】
Operating
fj CoMunication MnageMnt
[】
DP/inforMtion processing »9t
[】
Technical Mn«9«Mnt
(] Technical staff or
consultant
20.
Your
role
in purchasing the
PC LA
M la
[] Recomnd
[] Specifv
[�Approve
��
Nil
STAMP
IHTERVIEW
‘
21.
Do
you
vant
to
hav«
an interview with
as?
[] Yes
【】No
Mr
W K
Ch«un9
WETORT
Flat
6A,
Hoi
Ming
Mansion
Rivi«ra Gardens
22.
Do
you
wish
to
receive «
copy
of
T«uen w«n
th會
lUMiary rtport of thii
furv«y?
[】y„
【】o
朴好 Territories
…End
of Oucftionnalre …
—
THAJfK
YOU
\—
>
3 二
4
a
117
a p p e n d i x 1 5
• 118
^tge No. 1 02/15/90 LIST OF COMPWIIES OF HDfBERS OF EDF MAMAGEMDIT CLUB or BONG KONG KAKAGEMEHT ASSOCIATION
COHPAMY NAMES
AIDGC • FERO ,MERCIAN PRESIDENT LINES LIMITED =2�AN EXPRESS IKTERKAITONAL INC ,SyCAN INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE ,MERICAN INTERNATIONAL GROUP AMVAY ( HONG KONG ) LIMITED SilS ill ^ SYSTEMS ( RK ) LIMITED bank OF AMERICA KT 4 SA BANQUE KATIOHALE DE PARIS BARCUYS BANK PLC BELCIAH BANK INE COJfTAIKER HOLDINGS LIMITED BIS BANKING SYSTEMS LIMITED rjAJJAJ JAJAGIMENT SERVICES LIMITED
巧JTEX OIL HONG KONG LIMITED r lull l ^^ INSURANCE COMPAKY LIMITED AIRVAYS LIMITED CHASE KANHATTAN BANK KA 22IAIIC FIRST BAMK LIMITED CHEMICAL BANK
C;?;; 扣 似 COMPANY LIMITED ciJmlJ 21 HOLDINGS ) CO LTD ( HK ) LIMITED TOKMERCIAL COMPUTING LIMITED COKMUNICATION SERVICES LIMITED 。!ENGINEERING LIMITED COMPUTER LAMD LIMITED COMPUTER POVER
^^ECRUITMENT CONSULTANTS COOPERS I LYBRAND ASSOCIATES LIMITED CULLINET HONG KONG LIHITm DM HENG BANK L I 贿 D DELOITTE HASKINS 4 SELLS LIMITED
'tllllVi ? f f i f f i l i / _ _ >
DOV CHEMICAL PACIFIC LIMITED PAR EAST SYSTEMS LIMITED
S Y丨 T咖 LIKITH)
<1
119 奢 No. 2
02/15/^0
LIST OR COHPAMIES OF NCNBCRS
or EDF MAKACEHniT CLUB
OR BONG LONO HAMAGEMEKT ASSOCIATION
= = = = = = = = = = = = :
COMPAKY NAMES
HAWG UING BANK LIMITED RAUG SENG BANK LIMITED
, G RONG AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING COMPANY
JJOWG KONG EXPORT CREDIT INSURANCE M P P
I H T ^ N A T I O N A L L L L N S 咖 ' 二 55TA KANAGEMEKT U N I T E D
HSIW CHONG HOLDINGS ( RK ) LIMITED
肪 肌 E DATA LIM HUTCHISOK PAGING LIMITED HYTERCOM ASIA LIMITED
INTERNATIONAL LIHITED IBK WORLD TRADE CORPORATION
PACIFIC LIMITED INTERHATIOKAL COMPUTERS ( HK ) LTMirrn FLEMING B O _ S ( 二 [ t 咖
1 二 ilE/ATHESON AND COMPANY LIMITED J W S E N 4 CONFAKY LIHITED JOHJI D HUTCHISON GROUP LIMITED JOHNSON, STOKES 4 MASTER KODAK ( FE ) LIMITED ^VLOON’ MOTOR BUS COMPANY ( 1933 ) LTD
kvong OK bank limited ) LTD
U ^ W H N E L L DOUGLAS CHINA !C HICROLAB LIMITED US i' SIL HONG KONG LIMITED W A INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATION H Y M JEVBLRy MANUFACTURER LIMITFn
NATIONAL ADVANCED SYSTDJ ! J R ^ ^ L J I ' T O S R 卯 A N C E COMPANY LTD WC* ( HONG KONG �LIMITED NELSON WHEELER GRUBB ft ASSOC'S
NESTLE CHINA LIMITED NHF ZEALAND INSURANCE COMPANY LIMTTPN NIXDORF COMPUTER LIMITED
NOMURA COMPUTER SYSTEMS ( HK ) LIMITED NZI INSURANCE ‘ LIMITED
OLIVETTI ( HONG K O N G》 L I M I T E D
O R A C L E SYSTEMS HONG KONG LIMITED
O R I E N T SHIP MANAGEMENT LIMITED
#
120
ragt No. 3 02/15/,。
LIST OF C O M P A H I E S OF Nr.NBER6 or ED? MANAGDIEMT CLUB
or BOWC KONC RANAGEMEKT ASSOCIATION … … ” … … … … … … … … …
COMPANY NAHES
O R I E N T A L DATA SYSTEMS LIMITED M I L I P S HONG KONG LIHITED 【RICE VATERHOUSE MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS PRIHE ASIA REGIOJI
O U O T I E H T SYSTEMS FAR EAST LIMITED R A S C O E DEVELOPMEMT LIMITED ^CF CONSULTING LIMITEL) R E A D E R S DIGEST ASSOC FE LIMITED I^ESEARCHASIA
^ O Y A L HONG KONG JOCKEY CLUB
S E C U R I T Y PACIFIC ASIAN BANK
^ ^ ^ G J U I COMMERCIAL BANK LIMITED H I N G TECHNOLOGY COMPANY L I M I T E D
5ITA
OF HONG KONG L I H I T E D S T R A T U S COMPUTER ( UK ) LTD
SUN BUNG KAI PROPERTIES LIHITED SIM H U N G KAI SECURITIES LIMITED FIM MICROSYSTEMS INCORPORATION SWIRE SYSTEMS U N I T E D
工,IKOO GOYAL INSURANCE COKPAKY LIMITED T A N D D I COMPUTERS ( KK ) LIMITED
S^ViJ^E^二,狱im ( ) limited ,ANK OF EAST ASIA LIMITED
T H E B A N K OR TOKYO, LIHITED L ^ L NATIONAL BANK OF C H I C A G O THE: H O N G KONG ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED
HONGKONG LAND COMPANY LIMITED T O N W KENNER PARKER TOYS ( H K 》 L T D TOUCHE ROSS & COMPANY T R A N S D A T A LIHITED U L T I M A T E SYSTEMS LIMITED U N I S Y S U N I T E D MERCHANTS FINANCE LIMITED V A B L E M & COMPANY LIMITED W F L L C O M E COMPAKY LIMITED V I N G L U N G BANK LIMITED V I N G O K COHPUTER SYSTEMS LIMITED W O R L D - W I D E SHIPPING AGENCY L I M I T E D
121
a p p e n d i x 1 6
. 122
I"籲9奢 N o . 1
02/15/90
“ “ o o H T h n i i t OF h GRour or PROFESSIONALS
PW)VIDED BY A LOCAL SOFTWARE DEALER
COMPANY NAMES I
AIR RONG KONG LIMITED AMERICAN EXPRESS BANK LIMITED BAKCO 01 ROMA
AND WIRELESS ( HONG KONG ) LIMITED CAMERON MICROSYSTEMS LIMITED
^ I O J L ^ ^ P ^ ⑶肝AKY ( HONG KONG ) LTD COKPUTASIA LIMITED ^ G I T A L EQUIPMDFR CORPORATION
DIGITAL EQUIPHENT PAR EAST ELCAJ^ ELECTRONICS L I W T E D ELEC AND ELTEK COMPANY LIMITED RAR EAST BANK LIMITED RIRST PACIFIC BANK LIMITED
( HONG KONG ) UNITE!) GILKAN OFFICE MACHINES ? 5 I ^ I L ^ ^ N E CO LTD - DATACOM SERVICES “ I 1 ^ 4 , 拥 E CO LTD - E X C H M G E DESIGN
L L L R ^ L F ^ L ^ J " ^ ^ ^ ^ COMPONDTTS LIMITED S M R CARGO TERMIMAL LIMITED ^ Z R CHINESE B M LIMITED
INDUSTIUAL 4 COKMERCIAL BANK L ^ I ^ C H I M ) C O M M E H C U L BANK U N I T E D
^^^ ^CINEERIMG LIMITED J ^ ^ J I ^ O K TELEPHONE CCWPAMY LIMITED I H M A J I OVERSEAS BANK
!Umi JJJ^ 5凡NK OF JM>AH limited BANK OR JAPA* LIMITED BUSINESS SYSTEM LIHITED
UTTERKATIONAL BANK OF ASIA
FLEMING AND COMPAKY LIMITED
;JS 咖 贿 TED KOREA EXCHANGE BANK
" ^ A I L M CORPORATIOII KYO¥JI BANK LIHITED
HING BANK LIMITED 狀 INTERNATIONAL LIMITED i;sY;rBASsrBa>。r 船 K 咖
M E L L O N BANK NA
M I T S U B I S H I BANK LIMITED H I T S U I BANK LIMITED M O T O R O L A SEMICONDUCTOR ( HK ) LIMITED W A H Y A N C COMMERCIAL BAMK LIMITED N A T I O K A L BANK OF �KUSThM
N A T I O N A L COMMERCIAL BANK LIMITED
«
123
I'lge Mo. 2 02/15/90
LIST OF COMPANIES OF A GROUP OF GENERAL COMPUTEJL PROFESSLOKALS
P O V I D E D BY A LOCAL S O M F A R E DEALER • * S S S S mZ s s ** • ^ • • ^ 一 一 •葡.
= : = = 二 : = = 二 s = 2 I
COMPANY HAHES
NATIONAL V E S T M I N I M R BANK PLC
JRN^F^IJ^!!!^^ BWFL OF NORTH CAROLINA
NIDDDfSTANDSBANK MV ^LLLTL^.L ; 卵 S E BANKING CORPORATION LTD OVERSEAS TRUST BAXK LIMITED ^ E R S E A S UNION BJUTK LIMITED
M T L I P I N E NATIOKAL BANK POLAROID FE LIMITED TJ^IKIER INTERNATIONAL BANK if〖l!fLJ[。t!ATIONAL BANK OF NEV YORK ,OYAL BANK OF CANADA W M BAXK OR SCOTLAND PLC SAITMIA BANK LIMITED SAIFVA BANK LIMITED
fi愁T INCORPOATION SBUI OH GKOlfp
Ji S If iJ BONG lO^Q�united silr! ‘ COMMERCIAL BANK ? ? 的 R 町 賈 C LIMITED STANDARD CHARTERED BANK STATE BANK OF INDIA NUMITOMO BANK LIMITED SS llTr 沪讽咖 P A N Y LIMITED !^ 以I AND COMPANY LIMITED ^Y* HUHC K M BANK LIMITED SUK HUNG KAI SECUIITIES BAUr
mil technologiSTiSLS K SIRISS BAKK CORPOmiOlf
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• 124
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DATA LIST FILE - 'BAREP.DAT'
Z^S^AI:】 4 TYPE 5 SIZE 6 QL TO 021 7-27 AT 28-29 H 30-31 APPLE 32-33 PS2 34-35 OTBERHV 36-37 L S G T H II Q22 TO 057 39-74 FUNC 75 ROL£ 76 Q S TO Q59
VARIABLE LABEL
01 •DEGREE OF COMPUTERIZATION* Q2 •WO. OF P C 03 •EQUIPPED WITH PC LAN* 04 •NOT KNOV PC U K '
Q5 •NOT COST EFFECTIVE• 06 'OTHER REASONS' 07 'PLAN TO BUY' Q® 'BETTER COKMUXICATION'
05 ' C O M P M IMAGE' QIO 'COST EFFECTIVE' 011 ‘RESOURCE SHARING* 012 'APPLICATION DRIVEN, Q13 'PLAN TO UPGRADE• 014 • P U N TO CHANGE H¥'
' P U N TO CHANGE S V Q16 •ETHERNET' 017 'LOCAL TALK*
018 •ARCNET' 019 •TOKEN RINGS‘ Q20 •STAR LAK' 021 •OTHER HARDWARE, AT •NO. OF IBM AT/COMPATIBLES' Y 'NO. OR IBM XT/COMPATIBLES, J^P^LE •NO. OR APPLE/COMPATIBLES' PS2 'NO. OR FS2/C0MPATIBLES'
? R ^ S s r ^ ' OF PC or OTHER BRANDS*
023 •RELIABILITY* 024 •SPEED OR RESPONSE* 025 •CAPACITY• 026 •VDTDOR SUUPORT*
SLL :o作 J^LL RATING or HARDWARE •
028 *NOVELL• 029 •3COM' Q30 'IBM' Q31 'APPLE' 032 •OTHER SOFTVARE' Q33 'VORD PROCESSING• Q34 'SPREAD S H E E T Q35 'ACCOUNTING' Q36 'DATABASE' Q37 •PROJECT MANAGEMENT' Q38 'STOCK CONTROL' Q39 •CAD/CAM. Q40 'OTHER APPLICATION' Q41 'EASE OF USE* Q42 'VENDOR SUPPORT' Q43 •NO SOFTWARE BUG* Q44 'DOCUMENTATION'
. • . * 一 ••‘ • • • - •
‘ - - — - 〜 参 • . - 〜 ,•.
132 鲁
045 'ERROR HANDLING' 046 'RELIABILITY' 047 'VISUAL APPEAL' Q48 •OVERALL RATING OF SOFTWARE' Q49 'PRICE* 050 'RELIABILITY'
051 'VENDOR SUPPORT' Q52 'TRAINIHG' Q53 'EASE or OSE* 054 'MARKET ACCEPTANCE, QS5 'DOCUMENTATION' Q56 'FERFORMAl^CE' Q57 'UPGRADIBILITY* FUNC 'JOB FUNCTIOK' ROLE •ROLE IN PURCHASING PC U N '
(J58 'AGREE TO IKTERVIEV*
059 'WANT OUR REPORT'.
VALUE LABEL
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MISSING VALUE ALL(O).
133
I
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Periodicals
1. "Looking for the right LANs" Asian Computer Monthly
November 1989:42.
2. "Year of the LAN" LAN Magazine May 1989:82.
3. "Getting to Grips with LANs" Hong Kona Computer
Journal.
Books
4. Uma Sekaran. Research Methods for Managers - A skill Building Approach. John Wiley & Sons 1984.
•
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