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K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators
Tether-free Technologies andE-Manufacturing Workshop
Milwaukee, WI
October 1-2, 2001
Kang LeeSensor Development and Application Group
Manufacturing Engineering LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyUnited States Department of Commerce
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Outline
?Introduction?A smart sensor model?Why networking smart sensors? ?What is IEEE 1451??Industry/government collaboration?Relationship of IEEE 1451 with
MIMOSA ?Relationship of IEEE 1451 with OSA-
CBM?Expected benefits of IEEE 1451?Wireless sensor interface standards
activities
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Introduction• Smart features integrated into sensors and actuators.
• Increasing uses of digital communication and networked configurations for connecting sensors and actuators.
• The trend is moving toward distributed sensing and distributed control architecture.
• Networked sensor technology applied to commercial and consumer applications
• aerospace and automotive• industrial automation • process control• smart buildings and homes……
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Example Needs in Government / Industry
• Networked sensors are needed• Example 1: U.S. Navy needs tens of thousands of networked
sensors per vessel to enhance automation because of the reduced-manning program.
• Example 2: Boeing needs to network hundreds of sensors to monitor and characterize airplane wing performance.
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
For Sensor Manufacturers
Barriers:• Large number of different networks to
support.• Lack of network software know-how and
support.• Significant sensor interface software
development for each supported network. • Lack of a standardized sensor interface.
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
A Smart Sensor Model
Functional capability of a smart sensor:• integrated intelligence closer to the point of
measurement and control • basic computation capability• capability to communicate data and information in
a standardized digital format
Sensor
Signalconditioning
and analog-to-digital
conversion
Application algorithm
Network communication
Network
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
A Networked Sensor System- Functional partitioning into modules for implementation
Sensor
Signalconditioning
and analog-to-digital
conversion
Application algorithm
Network communication
Network
Smart Transducer Interface Module
(STIM)
Network Capable Application Processor
(NCAP)
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
A Networked Sensor System- Ultimately all functions integrated into a single unit
Integrated Networked Smart Sensor
Sensor
Signalconditioning
and analog-to-digital
conversion
Application algorithm
Network communication
Network
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Why Networking Smart Sensors?
Networking smart sensors enable features not readily available with traditional sensors:
• significantly lowers the total system cost by simplified wiring
• “time aware” for time-stamping function• local networking to share measurement and control• provide Internet connectivity, thus global or anywhere,
access of “sensor information”
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
What is IEEE 1451 ?
• A set of IEEE standards aimed to:• simplify transducer (sensor or actuator) connectivity. For
example: plug and play.
• It is developed as:• an open, industry consensus interface standard.
• It’s purposes are to:• provide a general transducer data, control, timing,
configuration and calibration model• provide a set of common interfaces for connecting sensors
and actuators to instruments, and control and field networks.
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
What Standards are being developed ?
• IEEE Std 1451.1-1999, Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Information Model for smart transducers -- Published standard.
• IEEE Std 1451.2-1997, Transducer to Microprocessor Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats -- Published standard.
• IEEE P1451.3, Digital Communication and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats for DistributedMultidrop Systems -- Being developed.
• IEEE P1451.4, Mixed-mode Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats --Being developed.
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
A Networked Sensor System- Functional Partitioning
Sensor
Signalconditioning
and analog-to-digital
conversion
Application algorithm
Network communication
Network
Smart Transducer Interface Module
(STIM)
Network Capable Application Processor
(NCAP)
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface System Block Diagram
Phy
sica
l wor
ld
Smart TransducerInterface Module
(STIM)
ADC
DAC
DI/O
?
XDCR
XDCR
XDCR
XDCR
AddressLogic
Transducer ElectronicData Sheet
Network-Capable
ApplicationProcessor(NCAP)
with 1451.1Object Model
TransducerIndependentInterface (TII)
1451.2Interface
Any ArbitraryNetwork
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Network Ports
Communication InterfaceClient / Server and Publish / Subscribe
NCAP
Bloc
k
• IEEE 1451.1 NCAP uses a “backplane” or “card cage” concept• Network communication viewed through the NCAP as port
Conceptual View of an IEEE 1451.1 NCAP
FunctionBlock
TransducerBlock
PhysicalTransducer
• Physical transducers are mapped into the NCAP using transducer block objects via the IEEE 1451.2 hardware interface
Contains Other Software Objects (i.e., Parameters, Actions, and Files)
FunctionBlock
• Function block application code is “plugged” in as needed
• NCAP centralizes all system and communications facilities
Transducer Interface(for example: 1451.2)
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451.1 Networked Smart Transducer Model
Any Arbitrary Network
Network Protocol Logical Interface Specification
Transducer Logical Interface Specification
Transducer Hardware Interface Specification ( e.g. IEEE 1451.2)
Network Hardware
Network Protocol
I/O Port Hardware
Transducer Software
Transducers
Application Software (Function Blocks)
NCAP Block
NCAP
Transducer Blocks
Server Objects Dispatch, Ports
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Independent Interface (TII)
Line Drivenby
Function
DIN NCAP Address and data transport from NCAP to STIMDOUT STIM Data transport from STIM to NCAPDCLK NCAP Positive-going edge latches data on both DIN and DOUTNIOE NCAP Signals that the data transport is active and delimits data transport framing.NTRIG NCAP Performs triggering functionNACK STIM This signal serves two functions:
1. trigger acknowledge2. data transport acknowledge
NINT STIM Used by the STIM to request service from the NCAPNSDET STIM Used by the NCAP to detect the presence of a STIMPOWER NCAP Nominal 5 V power supplyCOMMON NCAP Signal common or ground
STIM with TEDS
NCAPTII
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS)
• Meta-TEDS• Data structure related information
• version number• number of implemented channels• future extension key• ...
• Identification related information• manufacturer’s identification• model number• serial number• revision number• date code• product description• ...
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) - cont’d
• Channel TEDS• Transducer related information
• lower range limit• upper range limit• physical unit• unit warm-up time• uncertainty• self test key• ...
• Data Converter related information• channel data model• channel data repetitions• channel update time• channel read setup time• channel write setup time• data clock frequency• channel sampling period• trigger accuracy• …
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451.2 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) - cont’d
• Calibration TEDS• Data structure related information
• Calibration TEDS length
• Calibration related information• last calibration date-time• calibration interval• number of correction input channels• multinomial coefficient• ….
• Data integrity information• checksum for calibration TEDS
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE P1451.3Distributed Multidrop System
Transducer BusInterface Module
(TBIM)
Net
wor
k
Signal & Power
Return
Transducer BusInterface Module
(TBIM)
Transducer BusInterface Module
(TBIM)
Transducer BusController
(TBC)
Network Capable AplicationProcessor(NCAP)
• Synchronously reads large arrays of sensors at high speeds in a parallel transducer bus setting with multidrop connectivity for TBIM, in which sensors and/or actuators are connected.
• Supports sensors with bandwidth requirements to several hundred kilohertz and TEDS with XML format.
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE P1451.4Mixed-mode Transducer and Interface
• Simple, low-cost connectivity (2-4 wires) for analog sensors with very compact TEDS, as small as 64 bits.
• Mixed-mode interface supports a digital interface to read and write the TEDS, and an analog interface to make measurements with instruments.
IEEE 1451.4 Mixed-Mode Transducer
. Network
Node(s) Transducer(s)
.
.
. .
Energy Conversion
Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
(TEDS)
Network Capable Application Processor
(NCAP) with IEEE 1451.4 Mixed-Mode Interface IEEE 1451.4 Mixed-Mode Interface(s)
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451 Family Member Independence
1451.2
SmartTransducer
InterfaceModule
Network
Mixed-ModeTransducer
P1451.3
P1451.4
NetworkCapable
ApplicationProcessor
(NCAP)
Network X Library P1451.1 API
T-Block, TransducerI/O API
SmartTransducer Object Model
TransducerBus
InterfaceModule
• 1451.x are designed to work with each other.
• However, they can also stand on their own.
• 1451.1 can work without any 1451.x hardware interface.
• 1451.x can be used without 1451.1, but software with similar functionality must provide sensor data / information to reach network.
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Industry/Government Collaboration
Control network providers participated in preliminary 1451.2 standards specification verification.
?DeviceNetby Allen-Bradley
? LonWorks by Echelon
? Smart Distributed System (SDS) by Honeywell Microswitch
? Ethernetby Hewlett-Packard
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Interfacing IEEE 1451to MIMOSA Architecture
Control Systems
Condition MeasuringSystems
EAM / CMMSSystems
Enterprise ResourcePlanning -- ERP
STEP
OPC OAGI
MIMOSA
MIMOSA OPCGateway
Digital Mixed Analog
? IEEE 1451? MIMOSA? Firewire
? IEEE P1451.4
On-Line Transducers
Off-Line? Data Collectors? Modem? Disc
EquipmentOperations
and MaintenanceDecisionSupport
MIMOSA - Machinery InformationManagement Open Systems Alliance
CMMS - Computerized Maintenance Management System
EAM - Enterprise Asset ManagementSTEP - Standard for Exchange of
Product Model DataOPC - OLE for Process ControlOAG - Open Applications Group
MIMOSA OAGI
MIMOSA
MIMOSA
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
MIMOSA Tech-File Architecture for CBM Information Exchange
MIMOSA Tech-FILE Export for Service Segments / Assets Specification
MIMOSA Common Relational Information Schema (CRIS)
MIMOSA Site Zero Database Reference Entries
MIMOSA Export Data (MED) File Specification
MIMOSA Tech-MIMOSA Tech-File File ArchitectureArchitecture
TechTechnologiesnologiesVIB (Vibration/Sound)VIB (Vibration/Sound)SAMPLE (Fluid/Gas/Solid Sampling)SAMPLE (Fluid/Gas/Solid Sampling)THERM (THERM (ThermographyThermography))TREND (Trends/Alarms)TREND (Trends/Alarms)DIAG (Diagnostics)DIAG (Diagnostics)REL (Reliability Data)REL (Reliability Data)ASSET (Asset Management)ASSET (Asset Management)WORK (Work Management)WORK (Work Management)
Vendor A Supplied
Vendor B Supplied
MIMOSA Supplied
Vendor ADatabase
Vendor BDatabase
Tech-FILE Import for Service Segments / Assets Specification
Vendor A MIMOSA Tech-File Exportfor Service Seg / Assets Application
Vendor B MIMOSA Tech-File Importfor Service Seg / Assets Application
MED FilesMED Files
Diagramcourtesy of MIMOSA
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Open System Architecture (OSA) for Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)
Sensor module/ data acquisition
Signal processing
Condition monitoring
Health assessment
Prognostics
Decision support
Presentation
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Major components of the OSA-CBM architecture and its links to MIMOSA and IEEE standards
Diagramcourtesy ofOSA-CBM
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451
Enables “Plug and Play” of Transducers to Networks
Any Network
1451 NCAPs
1451-compatibletransducer
1451-compatibletransducer
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
IEEE 1451 Enables “Plug and Play” of Transducers to instruments
1451-compatibleInstrument or
Data AcquisitionSystem
Example: P1451.4 transducer demonstration (acceleration, load cell, position, and temperature sensors, etc)
...1451-compatible
Transducer
1451-compatible
Transducer
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Web-based Distributed and Remote Monitoring and Control
Network
Monitoring Station
NCAP #2
Sensor STIM
Remote Sensing
Sensor STIM
Actuator STIM
Distributed Control
NCAP #1
Actuator STIM
Remote Actuating
NCAP #3
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Machine Condition Monitoring in the Shop• Temperature sensors monitor spindle motors, bearings, axis drive motors.• Allow monitoring of sensors over the Internet via any common web browser.
NCAP & STIMin each box
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
NIST 1451.1 Platform-Independent Wireless Interface Demonstration
• Targets at the closed-loop control industrial automation area:• Three hardware platforms representing various NCAPs:
• Windows NT Laptop• Open-source Unix based Intel x86 embedded single board computer
(SBC)• Linux based Intel StrongARM SBC
• All connected via an IEEE 802.11b Wireless Access Point and an IEEE 802.3 Wired Ethernet Hub based subnetwork
• Each NCAP is executing a particular transducer application, i.e., temperature, pressure, and actuator applications
• Each transducer application is linked with the NIST-developed 1451.1 library and “open-source” Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE)
• Use a Java-based IEEE 1451.1 NCAP Configuration Tool to connect, configure, control and monitor the NCAPs in our demonstration “control network”
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
1451.1 Demonstration Setup
Linux Intel StrongARM Embedded System
Open-source Unix Intel x86 Embedded
System
802.3 Ethernet Wired HUB
802.11 Wireless Access Point
1. Discovery
2. Connection
3. Configuration
4. Execution
Activities
Configuration Application IEEE 1451.1 Temperature
Transducer Application
IEEE 1451.1 Java NCAP
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Benefits of 1451
?A common transducer interface will• Lower the cost to design sensors and actuators to a set
of standardized digital interfaces.• Lower overall cost to make networked sensors.
?Having TEDS with the sensors will• Enable self-description of sensors and actuators.• Eliminate error-prone, manual configuration • Provide easy self-documentation.• Simplify field installation, upgrade, and maintenance of
sensors by simply “plug and play” devices to instruments and networks.
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Benefits of 1451- Cont’d
System integrators• Self-documenting of hardware and software• Sensor systems - easier to install, maintain, modify and upgrade• Easy and quick transducer replacement (plug and play)• Mean to store installation details (in the TEDS)• Choose sensors based on merit
Application software developers• Standard transducer model for control and data• Facilitate distributed measurement and control applications• Support for multiple languages - good for international developers
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Benefits of 1451- Cont’d
Sensor Manufacturers• Standard physical interfaces• One set of standard interfaces to design and support• Multi-level products developed based on TEDS.• Standard calibration specification and data format
End Users• Sensors are simple to use – basically just “plug and play”• Based on the TEDS, software can automatically provide:
• physical units• readings with significant digits as defined in the TEDS• complete transducer specifications• installation details such as instruction, ID, & location of the
sensor
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
Wireless Sensor Interfaces
• Exploring a wireless interface for sensors and actuators within the framework of IEEE 1451
• Conducted the first wireless sensing workshop – June 4, 2001• Explored industry need and interest in wireless sensor interface
standard• Conduct a second wireless sensing workshop - October 4, 2001
• Explore technologies for a wireless sensor interface and standardization approach
• Participating in the Bluetooth Industrial Automation (IA) Study Group
• To set up an IA Working Group• To address the need for a wireless sensor interface for condition-
based monitoring and industrial automation• To explore a wireless Bluetooth interface for sensors for industrial
automation
K. Lee, NIST
Smart Transducer Interface Standard - IEEE P1451
For More Information
?Please contact:Kang Lee ? by phone: (301) 975-6604, ? by e-mail: [email protected]
?Visit IEEE 1451 web site:http://ieee1451.nist.gov