a second global conflict and the end of the european world order
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30. A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order. A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order. Old and New Causes of a Second World War Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europe and the Pacific The Conduct of a Second Global War - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter
AP* Sixth Edition
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
A Second Global A Second Global Conflict and the End of Conflict and the End of the European World the European World OrderOrder
30
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order
I. Old and New Causes of a Second World WarII. Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of
War in Europe and the PacificIII. The Conduct of a Second Global WarIV. War's End and the Emergence of the
Superpower StandoffV. Nationalism and Decolonization in South and
Southeast Asia and Africa
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Old and New Causes of a Second World War
• Guomindang– Chinese reunification– Japanese invade
Manchuria, Manchuko, 1931
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Old and New Causes of a Second World War
• Rehearsals: Dictators, Militarism, and the Agony of the Spanish Civil War– Germany
Response to Soviet Union, World War I losses
• Italy– Ethiopia
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europe and the Pacific
• Japanese invade China, 1937– Guomindang retreat
• Germany – invades Poland, 1939
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
World War II in Europeand the Middle East
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Asia and the Pacific in World War II
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Conduct of a Second Global War
• West reacts slowly
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Nazi Blitzkrieg, Stalemate, and the Long Retreat
• Germany– Conquers France, Low Countries– Northern Africa
• Britain– Winston Churchill
• Russia– Germany invades, 1941– 1943, driven back
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Anglo-American Offensives, Encirclement, and the End of the 12-Year Reich
• Holocaust begins, 1942– Up to 12 million killed– 6 million Jews
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Anglo-American Offensives, Encirclement, and the End of the 12-Year Reich
• Pearl Harbor, 1941– United States joins Allies
• Americans and British– North Africa, 1942
Success against Germans, Italians
– France, 1944– Germany surrenders, 1945
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire in the Pacific War
• Japan– Attacks U.S., 1941– Indonesia, Malaya, Burma, Philippines
• U.S.– Some success by late 1942– Air attacks on Japan, 1944– Atomic bombs
Hiroshima, Nagasaki
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
War's End and the Emergence of the Superpower Standoff
• United Nations– Security Council
U.S., Soviet Union, Britain, France, China
– World Court
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
From Hot War to Cold War
• Teheran Conference, 1944– U.S., Britain, France
• Yalta, 1945• Germany, four occupation zones• Potsdam, 1945
– Germany, Austria divided, occupied
• Japan invaded, loses territories
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
From Hot War to Cold War
• Korea freed, divided into two zones• China
– Regains territory– Communists v. Nationalists
• Baltic States– Become Soviet provinces– Except Yugoslavia, Greece
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Nationalism and Decolonization in South and Southeast Asia and Africa
• Atlantic Charter, 1941– Self-determination
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Winning of Independence in South and Southeast Asia
• Indian National Congress– Quit India Movement, 1942
• Gandhi• Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muslim League• British Labour government, 1945• Hindu/Muslim conflict
– India, Pakistan, 1947
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Winning of Independence in South and Southeast Asia
• Gandhi assassinated, 1948• Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Myanmar (Burma)
– Peaceful independence
• Philippines– U.S. grants independence
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Winning of Independence in South and Southeast Asia
• Dutch– Lose Indonesia to nationalists, 1949
• French– Indochina
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Liberation of Nonsettler Africa
• Two models• Radical
– e.g. British Gold Coast (Ghana)– Kwame Nkrumah– Convention Peoples Party– Strikes, rallies, boycotts– Independence, 1957
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Liberation of Nonsettler Africa
• Peaceful– French, Belgian territories– Negotiation– e.g. Senegal, Ivory Coast
Léopold Sédar Senghor, Felix Houphouât-Boigny
– Economic ties retained
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Liberation of Nonsettler Africa
• All French West African colonies freed by 1960
• Portuguese retain colonies
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Repression and Guerrilla War: The Struggle for the Settler Colonies
• More conflict• Kenya
– Jomo Kenyatta Peaceful efforts fail
– Land Freedom Army Guerilla tactics Defeated, Kenyatta imprisoned
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Repression and Guerrilla War: The Struggle for the Settler Colonies
• Kenya– Negotiation with Britain
Independence, 1963 Kenyatta president
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Repression and Guerrilla War: The Struggle for the Settler Colonies
• Algeria– Violent– National Liberation Front
Warfare, 1950s
– Negotiations Independence, 1962
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Persistence of White Supremacy in South Africa
• Angola, Mozambique– Revolution– Independence, 1975
• Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)– Independence by 1980
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Persistence of White Supremacy in South Africa
• South Africa– Afrikaners
White supremacy ideology In control after Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
– Apartheid
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Conflicting Nationalisms: Arabs, Israelis, and the Palestinian Question
• Arab nations– Most independent by 1960s
• Palestine– Zionist movement
Holocaust
– Muslim revolt, 1936-1939
• 1948, Palestine divided– Warfare
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Partition of Palestine After World War II
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Global Connections: Persisting Trends in a World Transformed by War
• The end of the European Colonial order– Begun in World War I – Completed in and just after World War II
• Decolonization transfers power from elites to elites– Some land distribution– Western dominance of trade and international
economy continues