ACOUSTIC FENCING

A PROJECT REPORT

by

ABDUL RAHMAN S. 720315114003

AJAY HARIHARAMANIAN K. 720315114004

DINESH SHANKAR P. 720315114030

MANJU V.M. 720315114063

GUIDED BY

Prof.R.MOHAN RAJ M.E.,,

Assistant Professor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology

iv

ABSTRACT

Fence is physical barrier placed as symbol of restriction for living beings

into particular areas; in agriculture it is a visible note that fencing is done in order

to prevent the entry of animals into the fields. Acoustic fence is a sound based

non-physical barrier for animals, which stop them from entering into the crop

fields. By means of replacement of electric fence with acoustic fence, the death

rate of animals can be reduced. Sound is utilized here to make the animals stay

away from crop fields.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

NO. TITLE

PAGE

NO.

ABSTRACT iv

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3

3. INTRODUCTION TO SOUND 6

4. INFRASOUND 7

4.1 RESONANCE 8

4.2 STUDY ON ELEPHANTS AND RESONANCE 8

4.2.1. How often will an elephant use infrasonic calls? 9

4.2.2. Travelling of infrasonic elephant calls. 9

4.2.3. Analyzing infrasonic calls 10

4.2.4. A unique feature of infrasonic elephant calls which 10

distinguishes them from other infrasound that may

be recorded.

5. METHODOLOGY. 12

5.1 PRODUCTION OF INFRASOUND USING

PUMPING ACTION 12

5.2 INFRASOUND GENERATION USING ARDUINO 13

5.3 INFRASOUND GENERATION USING CLOCK PULSE 14

5.4 PRODUCTION OF INFRASOUND USING LAB VIEW 16

6. PROJECT BRIEF 17

6.1 IMAGE PROCESSING 18

6.1.1 Template creation 18

6.1.2 Image from webcam 18

6.2 DESCRIPTION OF FRONT PANEL 18

6.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IMAGE PROCESSING 20

6.3.1 IMAQ 21

6.3.2 Vision acquisition 21

6.3.3 Vision assistant 23

6.3.4 Block diagram inputs 25

6.3.5 Block diagram outputs 26

7 CONCLUSION 28

8 COST ESTIMATION 29

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A living creature needs food to survive. After all, we human beings live,

struggle and earn so much to fill our stomachs. Agriculture, which pours healthy

lives to people, is in problem, as we are all familiar with headlines like ―crop

fields destroyed by wild animals!‖ and so on. A fence is a structure that encloses

an area, typically outdoors, and is usually constructed from posts that are

connected by boards, wire, rails or netting. A fence differs from a wall in not

having a solid foundation along its whole length. Alternatives to fencing include

a ditch (sometimes filled with water, forming a moat).Though there are many

kinds of fences practiced, still we are not able to control the intruding of animals

into the crop fields. Bringing a solution to this is our project. The application of

infrasound in agricultural field can bring a vast change. There is a two way

advantage, as the crop field is made safe by restricting the entry of animals,

similarly the animals are safe, they need not be harmed, thereby giving equal

importance to lives of animals, humans and crops too.

Several surveys conducted on natural disasters shows that death rate of

animals are much lower than that of the humans . Natural disasters like

earthquake, hurricane, tornado, volcanic eruption leads to the production of

vibration at infrasonic level. It’s been myth for years that how animals could

predict and escape from the disasters, now science behind it is revealed that

animals can hear and sense the infrasound. The capability of hearing and sensing

the infrasound makes the animals to vacate from the place of disaster occurring.

Still several methods are used to shoo away the animals from their restricted

places. But while following these methods, there are harms caused to animals as

2

well as to humans in some way or the other. To rectify this problem we believe

infrasound can be a solution. By generating infrasound, we make animals to get

frightened about stepping towards the place from where the sound is originating.

By using Acoustic fence we can avoid the disadvantages of paling,

chemical and electrical fences, and saving the lives of humans and animals.

3

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

(I) Gary W. Hicks Larry R. McDonald. et.al., (2003) [1], methods and

apparatus determine if an underwater intruder passes under a protective boundary. A

sonar sensor system comprises a plurality of sonar sensor modules that are spaced on

a protective boundary. A sonar sensor module comprises a sonar transducer (sonar

array) that is characterized by an omni-directional radiation pattern that may overlap

an omni-directional radiation pattern of an adjacent sonar sensor module transducer.

The sonar sensor module collects sonar data such as range information of the target in

relation to time. A central processor obtains the sonar data from each sonar module

through a telemetry link. The central processor processes the sonar data from the

plurality of sonar sensor modules in order to determine an estimated path of the target

and may determine if the target should be considered as a threatening underwater

intruder from a calculated threat level estimate based on this data.

The present invention relates to an acoustic barrier to protect an asset such as a

ship that abuts a body of water.

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for determining if an

underwater intruder passes under a protective boundary in order to protect an asset

such as a ship or a power plant. With an embodiment of the invention, a sonar sensor

system comprises a plurality of sonar sensor modules that are spaced on a protective

boundary. A sonar sensor module comprises a sonar transducer (sonar array) that is

characterized by an omni-directional radiation pattern that may overlap an omni-

directional radiation pattern of an adjacent sonar sensor module. The sonar sensor

module may receive sonar signals from reflections off a target that may be an

4

underwater intruder. The sonar sensor module collects sonar data such as range

information of the target in relation to time.

A central processor obtains the sonar data from each sonar module through a

telemetry link. The central processor processes the sonar data from the plurality of

sonar sensor modules in order to determine an estimated path of the target.

Furthermore, the central processor may determine if the target should be considered

as an underwater intruder from a threat level estimate such as a course direction, a

target motion threat score, target echo width, or a target echo amplitude.

In a variation of the embodiment of the invention, the central processor

determines the estimated path by matching sonar tracking data to different simulated

sonar tracking data, in which each simulated sonar tracking data corresponds to a

different simulated path of the target. In another variation of the embodiment, the

central processor determines an initial estimated path from geometric parameters

such as range differences and time differences that are obtained from adjacent sonar

sensor modules. The central processor adjusts the estimated path in order to minimize

an error function.

(II) Lars OSTLIE et.al., (1991) [2] An immaterial fish fence is based on a

combination of low frequency mechanical vibrations and synchronously modulated

electric fields, where fish approaching the fence, will be given at the same time fear

reactions and directional information by the mechanical vibrations, and in addition

feel pain due to the electric field. The fish will then turn and swim away. The fence is

implemented by means of columns positioned side by side, each comprising a

number of low frequency transducers suspended above each other, each column

5

being suspended in a float. Each column also has two electrical conductors to which

a high voltage can be delivered, and thus synchronized fields of both acoustic and

electric type can be generated between and around the columns.

(III) Oleg Savelievich Kochetov et.al., (2016) [3] FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: fencing comprises a profiled wall and a perforated wall, between

which a layer of a sound-absorbing material is placed. One of the walls is made

smooth, and the absorbent material is arranged in two layers, one of which, a harder

one, is made continuous and profiled, and the other, a soft one, is made discontinuous

and arranged beneath the surfaces of the first layer. The fencing comprises a frame,

window and door openings, apertures to accommodate lighting fixtures,

and acoustic fencings comprising the smooth and perforated walls, between which an

absorbent material is placed, arranged in two layers, one of which, a harder one, is

made composite, consisting of alternating spherical surfaces and flat surfaces with

resonant openings, and the other, a soft one, is made discontinuous in the form of

discontinuous sound absorbers and is arranged in the focus of the sound reflecting

surfaces of the first layer. The composite layer is made of a sound-absorbing

material, whose sound reflection coefficient is greater than the sound absorption

coefficient, and the discontinuous sound absorber located in the focus of the

composite layer is made in the form of rotation bodies, such as a sphere, an ellipsoid,

a cone, a truncated cone, and is fixed on the perforated wall by means of pins, one

end of which is rigidly fixed to the perforated wall, and the other is made pointed and

arranged in the body of the discontinuous sound absorbers.

EFFECT: increasing the noise absorption efficiency.

6

CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO SOUND

Sound is a vibration that propagates as a mechanical wave of pressure and

displacement through some mediums (such as air and water).the sound waves are

generated by a sound source as the vibrating diaphragm of a speaker. The

vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound, thus forming

the sound wave. Sound propagates through compressible media such as air water

and solids. During propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated

by the medium. The speed of the sound is depend on the medium the waves pass

through and is a fundamental property of the material n air at sea

level, he speed of sound is approximately 343 m\s.. By creating disturbance in the

air at certain frequencies we are able to create an audible noise. The frequencies

that may be audible to different beings are different. Sound is classified into

Audible and inaudible sound. Where audible is, the human hearing range (20Hz-

20kHz), and the range below 20 Hz is infrasound and above 20kHz is Ultrasound

which are inaudible. Our area of investigation is (0-20 Hz) Infrasound. These

inaudible infrasonic sound waves can be felt by humans through physical body in

the range (4-16Hz) if the amplitude is high.

7

CHAPTER 4

INFRASOUND

Infrasound is those with frequencies below human hearing, from 20

Hertz down to 0.001Hz. There are a number of human caused and natural sources.

Wind turbines, diesel generation stations and highway traffic are some common

artificial noises. Natural infrasonic sounds may be caused by weather, sandstorms,

winds, wildfires, volcanoes, waterfalls, meteors, distant tornadoes, and upper

atmosphere lightning. Infra sounds have very long wave lengths measured in

meters. These waves travel faster along the ground in all directions than sound

traveling through air. That is because the ground is much denser than air. Infra

sounds travel global distances with little loss of energy.

The belief that animals can predict earthquakes (natural disasters) has

been around for centuries. Historians recorded that animals, including rats, snakes

and weasels, deserted the Greek city of Helice in droves just days before a quake

devastated the place. This was a myth from a lot of centuries. The science behind

this myth is reveled, i.e., animals escape natural disasters only because they have

the ability to sense infrasound.

Through our study we found that the frequencies produced during

natural disasters to be in the range from 0.002Hz to 2.5Hz. Propagation of this

range through air is less effective. The same natural disaster effect can be

produced in the range of 5Hz to 40Hz in the medium of air.

8

4.1. RESONANCE

Resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force

drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies.

Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are known as

the system's resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies.

When infrasound propagates, it causes mechanical vibrations and if the

frequency of the objects is equal to that of the infrasound, the source imparts

energy to the object and both are joined and vibrate at same frequency. This

is called resonance. That means if one increases the energy of the source, energy

of the vibrating object will also increase when in resonance. In a way, one can

control the energy of the object while sitting at a place away from the object.

Organs of animal body have their natural frequency in infrasonic region.

4.2 STUDY ON ELEPHANTS AND INFRASOUND

Elephants can sense and they also use infrasound for communication,

indeed they make infrasonic calls that have powerful deep calls in long distance

communication. They make a variety of vocalizations including rumbles,

screams, and trumpets. Rumbles are low-frequency calls, often falling partially or

entirely in the infrasonic range. Most elephant rumbles consist of a fundamental

frequency between 5-30Hz with audible harmonics or overtones. With distance,

the upper harmonics attenuate at a greater rate than the lower ones. A good

working range for capturing elephant rumbles with their harmonics is 5-250 Hz.

The lowest call we have measured for forest elephants was at 5Hz; from

savannah elephants, 14Hz.

9

Circumstances in which animals emit infrasonic rumbles are, most

elephant rumbles are rich in infrasound; many of these contain frequencies high

enough to be audible to humans. Elephants make these calls when coordinating

family and larger group behaviors, when competing for resources and/or

dominance, and when attracting mates and announcing reproduction. Females

with young are most vocal. The vast majority of infrasonic calling took place in

family groups; bull groups were relatively silent. There is, however, still much to

be learned about the functions of elephant calls.

4.2.1 How often will an elephant use infrasonic calls

Females vocalize more frequently than males; the rate of vocalization in

both males and females is highly variable and dependent on social circumstances.

The number of calls per unit time increases predictably with the number of

elephants present, but the rate of calling by each elephant remains relatively

consistent.

4.2.2. Travelling of infrasonic elephant calls

The lower the frequency of a sound, the longer its sound wave, Low

frequency sounds can therefore travel farther without being absorbed or reflected

by the environment. Intensity of elephant calls varies widely from very soft calls

made between mothers and their adjacent infants to the very loud calls made by

females announcing their availability. Playback experiments demonstrated that

savannah elephants responded to each other loud vocalizations over distances of

at least 2 kilometers. Because playbacks were only broadcast at half the

amplitude of the strongest elephant calls in their sample, the authors estimated

the actual range as at least 4 kilometers.

10

The calling area may be expanded by as much as an order of magnitude

during temperature inversions in the evening and night. Preliminary results, with

forest elephants suggest that powerful forest elephant calls can be heard by

elephants 7km away through the dense forest. The fact that elephant calls can

travel several kilometers enables elephant societies to coordinate movements

over large areas.

4.2.3. Analyzing infrasonic calls

One way to discover if we have recorded infrasonic elephant calls is to

speed up the recording, raising all the frequencies in the recording to a level that

we can hear them. Typically, if we speed up a recording containing infrasonic

elephant calls 3 times, we will easily be able to hear them.

Sounds can also be represented visually using spectrograms. Spectrograms

graph frequency on the y-axis, time on the x-axis and represent loudness of sound

by the darkness of the display.

4.2.4. A unique feature of infrasonic elephant calls which distinguishes them

from other infrasound that may be recorded

The structures of elephant rumbles are quite varied, but readily

recognizable. The detection of an elephant call involves roughly a eyebrow-

shaped signal between 1-250 Hz and lasting between 2-10 seconds. A few other

infrasonic noises might be a broadband wind or thunder, which often obscures

elephant infrasound.

As our plan is to use sound waves to repel elephants from the crop fields

and hence, prevent fatalities of elephants and also the damage of crops. Elephants

have an audibility range of 12-12000 Hz and can hear infrasound. Through

11

experimental means, a particular frequency can be determined at which the

animal experiences minor irritation. A device emitting the sound of this

frequency can be placed in fields in a position sufficient enough to produce

infrasound when the elephant is passing through areas where restricted. This can

either be done manually or done automatically using a GPS or iOT which will

work along with the device. The device itself will produce the sound using

LabVIEW that we have written. Although the idea of repelling animals using

sound waves has been floating around for quite some time, what makes our

proposal unique is that we have taken into account various factors which will

affect the emitted sound’s frequency Air temperature and the speed of the train

will be taken into account and amendments to the emitted frequency will be

made.

12

CHAPTER 5

METHODOLOGY

There are various stages we came across and here we are today bringing

our idea into a product. The main motive is and was always to produce

―infrasound‖.

5.1. PRODUCTION OF INFRASOUND USING PUMPING ACTION

It has been witnessed that in jungles, carnivorous beasts like tigers and

lions are able to generate sounds at infrasound levels. Herbivorous animals are

able to sense these signals especially when these carnivorous animals are too

close to them. The generated infrasound vibrations produce serious impact over

these poor herbivorous animals – they freeze with fear and are just not able to

move an inch. This makes them like sitting ducks and they are instantly grabbed

by the deadly beasts.

The secret behind generating effective infrasound is creating a sort of

―pumping" action over an enclosed volume of air at the specified frequency To

be precise the air volume needs to be resonated at the specified frequency. This is

best done by channelizing the sound waves through pipes or narrow columns

before throwing it into the room.

The figure no 5.1 shows a circuit basically comprised of an amplifier with

the required loudspeaker set-up. The chip TDA 1521 used here consists of two

discrete amplifier modules in one package and is able to produce a good 12-watts

of audio power from each channel – quite enough for the present application.

13

Fig no 5.1 Circuit diagram of pumping action

Though it sounded to be a simple idea for generating infrasound artificially,

Application of this is quite insignificant.

Vibrations can be produced inside a closed premise only.

5.2. INFRASOUND GENERATION USING ARDUINO

Since the whole setup would completely become electrical, we went to the

next stage

14

5.3. INFRASOUND GENERATION USING CLOCK PULSE

Fig no 5.2 555 IC timer circuit

15

CALCULATIONS:

T = 0.7(R1+2R2)C1

f = 1.4/(R1+2R2)C1

Where,

T- Time period in ms.

f- Frequency in Hz.

R1 and R2- Resistance in Mohm.

Table no 5.1 Tabulations of frequencies.

Frequency, f

(Hz)

Resistance 1, R1

( x106 Ω

Resistance 2, R2

( x106 Ω

1 4.6 4.7

2 2.2 2.4

3 1.665 1.5

4 1.1 1.2

5 0.8 1.0

6 0.705 0.805

7 0.6 0.7

8 0.55 0.6

9 0.455 0.55

10 0.4 0.5

11 0.7 0.3

12 0.6 0.3

16

Frequency, f

(Hz)

Resistance 1, R1

( x106 Ω

Resistance 2, R2

( x106 Ω

13 0.5 0.3

14 0.4 0.3

15 0.35 0.3

16 0.3 0.3

17 0.25 0.3

18 0.2 0.3

19 0.15 0.3

20 0.1 0.3

21 0.2 0.22

22 0.212 0.2

23 0.202 0.2

24 0.194 0.19

25 0.186 0.18

A clock pulse produces audible sound of this infrasonic frequency range,

which should actually not happen.

5.4. PRODUCTION OF INFRASOUND USING LabVIEW

In this setup, we made use of a webcam, a set of speaker and LabVIEW as

a major platform to successfully produce sounds of variable frequencies.

17

CHAPTER 6

PROJECT BRIEF

Initially, Image processing is done. Here two kinds of images play a vital

role, the template in the Lab\VIEW and the captured image from webcam. The

templates, i.e., whenever the pre- saved image matches the image captured from

the webcam, there is a activation in the system which leads to the production of

sound of particular frequency range accordingly.

Fig no 6.1 Block diagram of LABVIEW processing

Web

camera

LabVIEW

Software

Processing

Alarm

Light

Speakers

(Infrasound)

18

6.1. IMAGE PROCESSING

6.1.1. Template creation:

Using Vision Assistant, required image is opened from Open Image tool in

the Title Bar, and from Processing Functions: Color tool, color extraction is done,

in which a green plane is extracted. Followed by Processing Function: Mission

Vision , Pattern match tool is used, to create a template on clicking New

Template there opens a dialogue box named NI Vision Template Editor- Select

Template Region, in which the unnecessary part of the image is erased to have a

clear view of what image is exactly needed for image processing is created.

6.1.2. Image from webcam:

Vision Acquisition tool is used to capture the image from the webcam and

the if it matches the image from the template then the signal is produced, which

in turn produces frequency range accordingly.

6.2. DESCRIPTION OF FRONT PANEL:

It consists of:

1. Image Out

2. Matches

3. Frequency Graph

4. Stop

5. Warning light

Image Out window is interconnected with vision acquisition tool which

acquires continuous images from the web camera. The images captured are

compared with the pre-set templates.

Matches window is interconnection with Vision assistant tool where the

whole image processing is done by comparing every coordinate points of the

19

captured and pre-set image. It gives us the data of the co-ordinates and number of

matches.

Frequency graph is interconnected with the assigned value of the structure

case. The scale of the frequency graph can be varied according to the necessity.

The frequency produced is graphically shown.

A stop switch is interconnected with the whole circuit. So, when the stop

switch is turned on, the circuit breaks and the supply is cut off. There by stopping

the production of infrasound at any instant necessary. It is a user-friendly

controlling system.

Warning light is connected with the output of the Vision Assistance tool. It

warns the people about the entry of an animal into or nearby the fields.

Fig no 6.2 Front panel

20

6.3. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IMAGE PROCESSING.

Fig no 6.3 Bock diagram of image processing

21

6.3.1. IMAQ

IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW—a part of the Vision Development Module is a

library of LabVIEW VIs that you can use to develop machine vision and scientific

imaging applications. The Vision Development Module also includes the same

imaging functions for LabWindows and other C development environments, as well

as ActiveX controls for Visual Basic. Vision Assistant, another Vision Development

Module software product, enables you to prototype your application strategy quickly

without having to do any programming. Additionally, NI offers Vision Builder AI:

configurable machine vision software that you can use to prototype, benchmark, and

deploy applications.

6.3.2. VISION ACQUISITION

Fig no 6.4 Vision acquisition tool.

Use the Select Acquisition Source step to select the acquisition device. The

settings and options available during the Configure Acquisition Settings step vary

based on the device you select. Complete the following steps to choose a device for

acquisition:

22

1. Select a device from the list of available devices in the Acquisition Sources

control.

2. Click Acquire Single Image to acquire a single image, or click Acquire

Continuous Images to acquire continuous images. Use Zoom to Fit, Zoom

1:1, Zoom In, and Zoom Out to adjust the zoom on the acquired image.

3. Click Next.

Acquiring from a remote target:

The NI Vision Acquisition Express Wizard allows you to acquire images from

remote devices. The following steps are used to configure an acquisition on a remote

target.

1. Launch LabVIEW and create a new project.

2. Add a remote target to the project. Right-click the target. Select New»VI. This

opens a new VI and adds it under the remote target to the project.

3. Right-click the block diagram of the new VI to display the Functions Palette.

Select Vision and Motion»Vision Express»Vision Acquisition Express VI

and drag it to the block diagram. This launches the NI Vision Acquisition

Express Wizard.

4. All the devices connected to the remote target appear in the list of devices in

the Acquisition Sources control on the NI Vision Acquisition Express

Wizard.

5. Select the device from the list of available devices in the Acquisition Sources

control.

6. Click Next.

23

6.3.3. Vision assistant

Fig no 6.5 Vision assistant tool

Triggers tab

Use the Triggers tab to synchronize an image acquisition with events

external to the computer, such as receiving a pulse from a sensor to indicate the

position of an item on an assembly line. The trigger signal must be connected to a

trigger input of the image acquisition device. The triggered acquisition settings

available in this step vary based on the type of device you select in the Select

Acquisition Source step and the acquisition type you select in the Select Acquisition

Type step. The Trigger Summary Table provides an overview of all the triggers

configured for this acquisition.

The following steps are used to configure a trigger line.

1. Click Add Trigger to add a trigger to the Trigger Summary Table.Click

Remove Trigger to remove a trigger from the Trigger Summary Table.

2. Select the Line to use for the trigger signal.

24

3. Use the Action control to specify the trigger type of the selected Line. The

following options are available:

o Trigger Start of Acquisition—An acquisition begins when the specified

trigger line detects the correct polarity edge.

o Trigger Every Image—Waits until the specified trigger line detects the

correct polarity edge to acquire each image.

o Trigger Start of Buffer List—Acquires the buffer list after receiving the

assertion edge of a trigger. The first buffer fills on trigger signal. This

mode is only supported for the Continuous Acquisition with Inline

Processing with the Acquire Image Type set to Acquire Every Image.

o Trigger Every Line—Acquires each line from a line scan camera after

the specified number of Skip Triggers edges occurs. This mode only

applies to line scan cameras.

o Trigger End of Acquisition—Stops the acquisition after acquiring the

Number of Post Trigger Buffers. Returns an array of pre-trigger images

and post-trigger images. This mode is only supported for the Continuous

Acquisition with Inline Processing with the Acquire Image Type set to

Acquire Every Image.

o Trigger Height of Acquisition—Uses the trigger signal level to

determine how long to acquire from a line scan camera. Each line

acquired during an active trigger line is added to the image height. When

the trigger line becomes inactive, the acquisition results return. This

mode only applies to line scan cameras and cannot be used at the same

time as Trigger Every Image.

4. Select a Polarity to define the active edge of the trigger. The following options

are available:

25

o Rising Edge—Detects light edges against a dark background.

o Falling Edge—Detects dark edges against a light background.

5. Specify a Timeout, in milliseconds, to wait for a trigger to receive an active

edge and capture an image.

6.3.4. BLOCK DIAGRAM INPUTS

Parameter And Description

Image Src - Is a reference to the source image.

Image Dst - Is a reference to the destination image. If Image Dst is connected, it must

be the same type as the Image Src.

error in (no error) - Describes the error status before this VI or function runs. The

default is no error. If an error occurred before this VI or function runs, the VI or

function passes the error in value to error out. This VI or function runs normally only

if no error occurred before this VI or function runs. If an error occurs while this VI or

function runs, it runs normally and sets its own error status in error out. Use the

Simple Error Handler or General Error Handler VIs to display the description of the

error code. Use error in and error out to check errors and to specify execution order

by wiring error out from one node to error in of the next node.

26

6.3.5. Block diagram outputs

Image Dst Out

Is a reference to the destination image. If Image Dst Out is connected, Image Dst

Out is the same as Image Dst. Otherwise, Image Dst Out refers to the image

referenced by Image Src.

Error out

Contains error information. If error in indicates that an error occurred before this

VI or function ran, error out contains the same error information. Otherwise, it

describes the error status that this VI or function produces. Right-click the error

out indicator on the front panel and select Explain Error from the shortcut menu

for more information about the error.Configuring Image Logging Settings

The following steps are used to enable image logging.

1. Select the Enable Image Logging checkbox.

2. Click Browse to select the folder to save images.

3. In the File Prefix text box, enter the text to use for the filename prefix. The default

text is Image.

4. In the File Format dropdown listbox, select a file format to save the files. You can

select BMP, TIFF, JPEG, JPEG2000, PNG, or AVI. The file formats have

different options under File Format Settings.

27

Fig no 6.6 Block diagram (1)

Fig no 6.7 Block diagram (2)

28

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

Through our study and experiment we found that animals can detect

natural disasters even before humans or other instruments can, as they have the

ability to sense and hear infrasound. By generating infrasound only after sensing

the animal near the crop field, our project comes into play and the sounds

produced are effective, in restricting their entry into fields. Hereby a two way

advantage is achieved, where the crops and the lives of animals are given equal

importance for a better living on earth.

29

CHAPTER 8

COST ESTIMATION

Table no 8.1

NO MATERIALS QUANTITY COST

1 Web camera 1 ₹ 725

2 Speaker 1 ₹395

3 DAQ 1 ₹7000

TOTAL ₹8120

30