a project management model for an experimental ......were used for estimation, quantity surveying...

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1603 [email protected]

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 1603–1619, Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_156

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=11

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

A PROJECT MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR AN

EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRUCTION

MANAGEMENT PROJECT

V. Subburaj

Department of Civil Engineering, PSNACET, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India

N.V.N. Nampoothiri

Department of Civil Engineering, Kalasalingam University, Tamilnadu, India

M. Shanmugasundaram

School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT- Chennai campus, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT

This work is based on the actual project management on a live project. It

summarizes the various items of works involved and the time schedule in an

experimental construction project. The project consists of look ahead programme,

backlogs, critical, resource allocation and levelling estimation with cash flow and

budgeting. Managing all these humanly is a near impossible task in large

construction project. It is necessary to have some automated or semi-automated tools

for carrying out these tasks. Primavera management software was used to prepare the

time schedule; resource allocation and level checker for resource levelling, look

ahead and backlog for project schedule. Additionally AutoCAD and Microsoft Excel

were used for estimation, quantity surveying and bar bending schedule since these

tools are found to be economical alternatives. Thus, this study high light how a

combination of software’s can be effectively used for managing construction projects.

Keywords: Project management, resource levelling, look ahead, bar bending,

Primavera, Excel, AutoCAD

Cite this Article: V. Subburaj, N.V.N.Nampoothiri and M.Shanmugasundaram, A Project

Management Model For an Experimental Construction Management Project

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 1603–

1619.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=11

A Project Management Model for an Experimental Construction Management Project


1. INTRODUCTION

Many construction projects are affected by project delays during their actual execution. This

is mostly due to the human inability to see the future events clearly, while planning is done

with an optimized view of future events with past experience. Many recent papers highlight

the shortcomings of this aspect of planning. Often, far future is usually seen with a shortened

time duration and project planning is done based on this view. This inability to see the future

clearly, can result in project related conflicts and project delays. The delay analysis in

construction projects involves time delay and analyzing causes for delay. This Project

Management Model helps to achieve optimized cost and time duration.

Several factors cause the overall delay in the construction project within contractor’s

liability and owner’s liability. It is mostly seen that delay problems are cause of dispute,

negotiation, lawsuit, total desertion, litigation and abandonment. (Aswini A.S. and Patil R.S.,

2013). The parties included in contract usually agree through claims on the additional capital

and extra time linked with construction delay. The consequences of delay are different for

different parties. The common results of delay are late completion of project, increased cost,

and low quality of work, loss of productivity, third party claims, conflicts abandonment or

termination of contract. When projects are delayed, the extension of project completion time

invite for additional cost. This results in conflicts between parties (owner, contractor and/or

third party), in regards to file claims for extra compensation or extra time to complete a

project. To recover the damages caused by delays, the parties responsible for the occurrence

should be identified. Most of the time more than one party is responsible for project delay

and therefore multiple delays may occur concurrently. Hence, it is important to study &

analyze causes of construction delay, as the services provided by infrastructure projects serve

as input for other sectors. Cost overrun in these project lead to an increase in capital output

ratio for the entire economy.

1.1. Importance of the Study

A project has a defined beginning and end in time and therefore defined scope and resources.

Now a day the demand of construction industry requires a precise planning, scheduling and

management which can also allow an overall optimization of cost, time and resources. Taking

this into consideration, an experimental construction management project was done of

medium size and duration with an aim to develop a “Project Management Model” using

available software technology tools for the project management. It is envisaged that such a

model tool can be used effectively and economically for managing and organizing

construction projects of medium size and duration. This will also help budding entrepreneurs

and industries to manage their projects and grow without much stress.

1.2. Description Of The Project

The project is an experimental construction management project done for this research work.

The project is of medium size project of an amount Rs 2.75 Crores. The duration of the

project is about 1 year.

2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

2.1. Software Used

i)AutoCAD– 2015

ii) Primavera- P6

V. Subburaj, N.V.N.Nampoothiri and M.Shanmugasundaram


iii) Microsoft Excel

2.2. Location Study

Site selection is an integral part of construction. Various factors are taken into consideration

during site selection. Chellammal Residence is located with ideal factors. Location study

makes clear that the site selected for commercial building is suited for construction of project

in various aspects.

Location Subhamnagar,Mahaveersalai,Jameen pallavaram,Chennai-117.

Proposed Area 1393.55 Sq.m

Type of terrain Plain Terrain

Type of Building Apartments – Residential tower.

Type of soil Foundation lies on softy disintegrated rock.

SBC 36 tonnes/ Sq.m (obtained after soil testing)

Type of Footing: Isolated Column footing.

2.3. Estimation and Quantity surveying

Table 1 Estimation of brick work and concrete structures2.3.2 Estimation of plastering work

S.No Description Of Work Volume

(Cuft)

Brick Work

Ground Floor Total 2909.25

1st& 2nd Floor Total 5914.6875

Total Deduction 717

Total Quantity 8107

Brick Work (Incl All Works) Quantity 13130

Concrete Structures 733.79

S.No Description Of Wroks Area

(Sq.Ft)

PLASTERING 5297

TOTAL DEDUCTION 292

Total Area Of Plastering 5005

Ground Floor

Inside Plastering 1754.5



2.4. Bar Bending Schedule

Table 2 Footing reinforcement details

Table 3 Column reinforcement details

Table 4 Bar Bending Schedule for other items

NAME QUANTITY LENGTH(ft) NUMBER OF RODS Rft

16mm# 20mm#

BEAMS

RB1 20 13 5

1300

RB2 3 18.5 5

277.5

RB3 6 18 5

540

RB3A 2 13.5 5

135

RB4 2 24.75

9 455.5

RB4A 2 18

4 144



RB5 9 14.25 5

641.25

RB6 3 7.25 5

108.75

3592

TOTAL

21552

COLUMNS

25mm# 20mm#

C1 2 9.5 12

228

C2 1 9.5 10

95

C3 7 9.5 6

399

C3 7 9.5

6 399

C5 4 9.5

8 304

C6 11 9.5

8 836

2261

TOTAL

13566

10mm# 8mm#

S1&S2 1 58 80

4640

1 10 62

620

5260

TOTAL

31560

S3&T 40 77.3

40 3092

10 13.3

10 133

3205

TOTAL

19230

2.5. Planning and Scheduling

A plan of procedure usually written for a proposed objective especially with reference to the

sequence of time alloted for each item or operation, a series of things are to be done at a

particular period of time

For this scheduling process Primavera software is used. In this software the

Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) that represents the organization. The Enterprise

Project Structure (EPS) represents how the project is organized. The OBS and EPS are

combined together through the responsible manager field on the EPS structure. The

responsible manager field is the OBS and this determines what users can gain access to the

project. The EPS is further divided into number of work breakdown structure (WBS). After

certain the WBS, the activities are created. For those activities, the required resources are

assigned.



Table 5 Following is the Planning program using Primavera,

Chellammal Residence – Planning program – Using Primavera

Activity ID Activity Name Original Start Finish Total

CR Chellammal Residence Duration Float

299d 01-Mar-18 14-Dec-18 0d

HD.1 Preliminary Activities 32d 01-Mar-18 30-Mar-18 267d

HD1001 Consulting Architect and engineer 1d 01-Mar-18 01-Mar-18 0d

HD1026 Site cleaning 1d 01-Mar-18 01-Mar-18 298d

HD1031 Temprory fencing 1d 01-Mar-18 02-Mar-18 294d

HD1036 Bore well 1d 02-Mar-18 03-Mar-18 294d

HD1041 EB connection 1d 03-Mar-18 05-Mar-18 294d

HD1006 Preparation of drawing and layout 5d 01-Mar-18 06-Mar-18 0d

HD1011 Approval by client 1d 06-Mar-18 07-Mar-18 0d

HD1021 Time shedule and structural details 7d 01-Mar-18 07-Mar-18 292d

HD1046 Watchman shed and material storage shed 1d 06-Mar-18 07-Mar-18 292d

HD1051 contractor selection 1d 07-Mar-18 08-Mar-18 290d

HD1066 Material purchasing 1d 08-Mar-18 09-Mar-18 290d

HD1016 Approval from authority 25d 07-Mar-18 30-Mar-18 0d

HD.2 Surveying 2d 07-Mar-18 09-Mar-18 0d

HD1056 Surveying and Boundry marking 1d 07-Mar-18 08-Mar-18 0d

HD1061 Center line marking 1d 08-Mar-18 09-Mar-18 0d

HD.3 Excavation 17d 09-Mar-18 24-Mar-18 273d

HD1071 Open excavation 3d 09-Mar-18 12-Mar-18 0d

HD1076 Bar bending works for footing and column 3d 09-Mar-18 12-Mar-18 287d

HD1081 Excavation for column footing 2d 12-Mar-18 14-Mar-18 0d

HD1086 Sand filling and PCC laying 1d 14-Mar-18 14-Mar-18 0d

HD1091 Centre line marking using cement mortar 1d 15-Mar-18 15-Mar-18 0d

HD1096 Footing erection and column fixing 2d 15-Mar-18 17-Mar-18 0d

HD1101 Concrete pouring for footing 2d 17-Mar-18 19-Mar-18 0d

HD1111 Column concreting

1d 20-Mar-18 20-Mar-18 0d

HD1116 1d 20-Mar-18 21-Mar-18 0d

HD1121 Deshuttering and partial refilling 1d 21-Mar-18 22-Mar-18 0d

HD1126 Refilling and consolidation 2d 22-Mar-18 23-Mar-18 0d

HD1131 Anti-termite treatment 1d 24-Mar-18 24-Mar-18 0d

HD.4 Substructures 40d 24-Mar-18 03-May-18 233d

HD1136 Beam duct 3d 24-Mar-18 28-Mar-18 0d

HD1141 Surface preparation 3d 24-Mar-18 28-Mar-18 0d

HD1146 Beam and slab reinforcement 2d 26-Mar-18 28-Mar-18 0d

HD1151 Floor slab concreting 1d 28-Mar-18 28-Mar-18 0d

HD1156 1st liftt outside shuttering 2d 29-Mar-18 30-Mar-18 0d

HD1161 Retaining wall and column reinforcement 2d 30-Mar-18 02-Apr-18 0d

HD1166 1st lift inside shuttering 2d 02-Apr-18 03-Apr-18 0d

HD1171 Concreting 1d 03-Apr-18 04-Apr-18 0d

HD1176 2nd lift outside shuttering 2d 04-Apr-18 06-Apr-18 0d



HD1196 column rising 7d 30-Mar-18 06-Apr-18 5d

HD1181 Reinforcement 2d 06-Apr-18 07-Apr-18 0d

HD1186 2nd lift inside shuttering 2d 07-Apr-18 10-Apr-18 0d


HD1201 Deshuttering 2d 11-Apr-18 12-Apr-18 0d

Page 1 of 4 TASK filter: All Activities

Chellammal residence 2 Week Lookahead


Duration Float

HD1206 Ramp work 1d 12-Apr-18 12-Apr-18 0d

HD1251 Electrical Conduit laying 2d 12-Apr-18 16-Apr-18 237d

HD1261 Ventilator fixing 2d 16-Apr-18 17-Apr-18 237d

HD1266 Retaining wall chipping 2d 16-Apr-18 17-Apr-18 237d

HD1271 Plastering 5d 18-Apr-18 23-Apr-18 236d

HD1281 Anti-skid flooring 7d 24-Apr-18 02-May-18 235d

HD1286 Outside plastering 4d 27-Apr-18 02-May-18 235d

HD1276 Electrical Wiring 4d 28-Apr-18 03-May-18 233d

HD.5 Ground Floor 187d 04-Apr-18 03-Oct-18 75d

HD1211 Floor slab barbending works 4d 04-Apr-18 07-Apr-18 5d

HD1216 Beam and slab shuttering 4d 12-Apr-18 17-Apr-18 0d

HD1221 Placing and tying of rod 5d 18-Apr-18 21-Apr-18 0d

HD1231 Electrical pipe laying 1d 23-Apr-18 23-Apr-18 0d


HD1241 Curing 7d 24-Apr-18 02-May-18 0d

HD1246 Column reinforcement upto lintel 5d 26-Apr-18 02-May-18 0d

HD1256 Shuttering and concreting 2d 02-May-18 03-May-18 0d

HD1291 Brick work upto lintel 5d 03-May-18 08-May-18 0d

HD1296 Lintel level shuttering and sunshade work 4d 08-May-18 11-May-18 0d

HD1301 First waist slab for staircase 5d 10-May-18 15-May-18 206d

HD1306 Column concreting above lintel 3d 12-May-18 15-May-18 0d

HD1316 Beam and roof slab barbending 4d 12-May-18 16-May-18 1d

HD1311 Brick work above lintel 2d 15-May-18 16-May-18 0d

HD1321 Beam and roof slab shuttering 4d 17-May-18 21-May-18 0d

HD1356 Preparation of doors and window frames 10d 12-May-18 21-May-18 139d

HD1326 Placing of rods 5d 21-May-18 25-May-18 0d

HD1331 Electrical conduit 1d 25-May-18 25-May-18 0d

HD1336 Concreting 1d 26-May-18 26-May-18 0d

HD1341 Curing 7d 26-May-18 02-Jun-18 0d

HD1346 Electrical conduit laying 2d 02-Jun-18 04-Jun-18 124d

HD1351 Plumbing layout 2d 05-Jun-18 06-Jun-18 124d

HD1361 Fixing of doors and window frames 2d 05-Jun-18 06-Jun-18 124d

HD1376 Kitchen cooking platform 1d 05-Jun-18 06-Jun-18 197d

HD1366 inside plastering 7d 06-Jun-18 13-Jun-18 124d

HD1371 Electrical wiring 4d 13-Jun-18 18-Jun-18 124d

HD1386 2 coats of primer 5d 18-Jun-18 22-Jun-18 124d



HD1391 Rough wall putty 5d 22-Jun-18 27-Jun-18 124d

HD1381 False ceiling 12d 18-Jun-18 28-Jun-18 124d

HD1396 Finished wall putty 5d 27-Jun-18 02-Jul-18 124d

HD1516 Floor leveling 1d 02-Jul-18 03-Jul-18 124d

HD1526 Tile marking 1d 03-Jul-18 03-Jul-18 124d

HD1531 Tile laying 10d 11-Jul-18 20-Jul-18 116d

HD1536 Emulsion coating 7d 26-Sep-18 03-Oct-18 53d

HD.6 First floor 145d 22-May-18 09-Oct-18 68d

HD1421 second waist slab 5d 22-May-18 26-May-18 203d

HD1401 Column reinforcement upto lintel level 5d 29-May-18 02-Jun-18 0d


Chellammal Residence 2 Week Lookahead


Duration Float

HD1406 Shuttering and concreting 2d 02-Jun-18 04-Jun-18 0d

HD1411 Brick work upto lintel 8d 05-Jun-18 12-Jun-18 0d

HD1416 Lintel level shuttering and sunshade work 4d 12-Jun-18 15-Jun-18 0d

HD1426 first waist slab 5d 14-Jun-18 19-Jun-18 184d

HD1431 Column concreting above lintel 3d 15-Jun-18 19-Jun-18 0d

HD1441 Beam and roof slab barbending 4d 15-Jun-18 20-Jun-18 1d

HD1436 Brick work above lintel 2d 20-Jun-18 21-Jun-18 0d

HD1446 Beam and roof slab shuttering 4d 21-Jun-18 25-Jun-18 0d

HD1481 Preparation of door and window frames 10d 15-Jun-18 26-Jun-18 109d

HD1451 Placing of rods 5d 25-Jun-18 29-Jun-18 0d

HD1456 Electrical conduit laying 1d 29-Jun-18 30-Jun-18 0d

HD1461 Concreting 1d 30-Jun-18 02-Jul-18 0d

HD1466 Curing 7d 02-Jul-18 07-Jul-18 0d

HD1471 Electrical conduit laying 2d 09-Jul-18 10-Jul-18 92d

HD1476 Plumbing layout 2d 10-Jul-18 12-Jul-18 92d

HD1486 Fixing of door and window frames 2d 12-Jul-18 13-Jul-18 92d

HD1491 Inside plastering 7d 13-Jul-18 20-Jul-18 92d

HD1541 Water proof coating 3d 20-Jul-18 23-Jul-18 103d

HD1496 Electrical wiring 10d 20-Jul-18 30-Jul-18 92d

HD1561 Floor leveling 1d 30-Jul-18 31-Jul-18 96d

HD1566 Tile marking 1d 31-Jul-18 31-Jul-18 96d

HD1546 Plumbing pipe line 5d 30-Jul-18 03-Aug-18 96d

HD1501 False ceiling 12d 30-Jul-18 09-Aug-18 92d

HD1556 Toilet tile laying 8d 03-Aug-18 10-Aug-18 97d

HD1571 Tile laying 12d 01-Aug-18 11-Aug-18 96d

HD1506 2 coats of primer 5d 10-Aug-18 14-Aug-18 92d

HD1511 Rough wall putty 5d 16-Aug-18 20-Aug-18 92d

HD1521 Finished wall putty 5d 21-Aug-18 25-Aug-18 92d

HD1576 Emulsion coating 7d 03-Oct-18 09-Oct-18 53d

HD.8 Second Floor 165d 10-May-18 16-Oct-18 53d

HD1851 Second waist slab 5d 10-Jun-18 15-Jun-18 206d



HD1831 Column reinforcement upto lintel level 5d 04-Jul-18 07-Jul-18 0d

HD1836 Shuttering and concreting 2d 09-Jul-18 10-Jul-18 0d

HD1841 Brick work upto lintel 8d 10-Jul-18 17-Jul-18 0d

HD1846 Lintel level shuttering and sunshade work 4d 18-Jul-18 21-Jul-18 0d

HD1856 First waist slab 5d 19-Jul-18 24-Jul-18 137d

HD1861 column concreting above lintel 3d 21-Jul-18 24-Jul-18 0d

HD1871 Beam and roof slab barbending 4d 21-Jul-18 25-Jul-18 1d

HD1866 Brick work above lintel 2d 24-Jul-18 26-Jul-18 0d

HD1876 Beam and roof slab shuttering 4d 26-Jul-18 30-Jul-18 0d

HD1911 Preparation of door and window frame 10d 21-Jul-18 31-Jul-18 79d

HD1881 Placing of rods 5d 30-Jul-18 03-Aug-18 0d

HD1886 Electrical conduit laying 1d 03-Aug-18 04-Aug-18 0d

HD1891 Concreting 1d 04-Aug-18 04-Aug-18 0d

HD1896 Curing 7d 06-Aug-18 11-Aug-18 0d

HD1901 Electrical conduit laying 2d 11-Aug-18 14-Aug-18 62d

HD1906 Plumbing layout 2d 14-Aug-18 16-Aug-18 62d


Chellammal Residence 2 Week Lookahead


Duration Float

HD1916 fixing of doors and window frames 2d 16-Aug-18 18-Aug-18 62d

HD1921 Inside plastering 7d 18-Aug-18 25-Aug-18 62d

HD1951 Water proof coating 3d 27-Aug-18 29-Aug-18 70d

HD1926 Electrical wiring 10d 27-Aug-18 04-Sep-18 62d

HD1966 Floor leveling 1d 05-Sep-18 05-Sep-18 63d

HD1971 Tile marking 1d 05-Sep-18 06-Sep-18 63d

HD1956 Plumbing pipe line 5d 05-Sep-18 08-Sep-18 63d

HD1931 False ceiling 12d 05-Sep-18 17-Sep-18 62d

HD1961 Toilet tile laying 8d 10-Sep-18 18-Sep-18 64d

HD1976 Tile laying 12d 06-Sep-18 19-Sep-18 63d

HD1936 2 coats of primer 5d 17-Sep-18 21-Sep-18 62d

HD1941 Rough wall putty 5d 21-Sep-18 26-Sep-18 62d

HD1946 Finished wall putty 5d 26-Sep-18 01-Oct-18 62d

HD1981 Emulsion coating 7d 09-Oct-18 16-Oct-18 53d

HD.7 Third Floor 106d 01-Aug-18 13-Nov-18 33d

HD2051 second waist slab 5d 01-Aug-18 04-Aug-18 129d

HD2031 Column reinforcement upto lintel level 5d 07-Aug-18 11-Aug-18 0d

HD2036 Shuttering and concreting 2d 11-Aug-18 14-Aug-18 0d

HD2041 Brick work upto lintel 8d 14-Aug-18 23-Aug-18 0d

HD2046 Lintel level shuttering and sunshade work 4d 23-Aug-18 27-Aug-18 0d

HD2056 First waist slab 5d 25-Aug-18 30-Aug-18 110d

HD2061 Column concreting above lintel 3d 27-Aug-18 30-Aug-18 0d

HD2071 Beam and roof slab barbending 4d 27-Aug-18 30-Aug-18 1d

HD2066 Brick work above lintel 2d 30-Aug-18 31-Aug-18 0d

HD2076 Beam and roof slab shuttering 4d 31-Aug-18 04-Sep-18 0d

HD2081 Placing of rods 5d 05-Sep-18 08-Sep-18 0d



HD2171 Electrical conduit laying 1d 10-Sep-18 10-Sep-18 0d

HD2196 Preparation of doors and windows 10d 31-Aug-18 10-Sep-18 34d

HD2176 Concreting 1d 10-Sep-18 11-Sep-18 0d

HD2181 Curing 7d 11-Sep-18 19-Sep-18 0d

HD2186 Electrical conduit laying 2d 19-Sep-18 20-Sep-18 22d

HD2191 Plumbing layout 2d 20-Sep-18 22-Sep-18 22d

HD2201 Fixing of doors and window frames 2d 22-Sep-18 24-Sep-18 22d

HD2206 Inside plastering 7d 25-Sep-18 01-Oct-18 22d

HD2236 Water proof coating 3d 01-Oct-18 03-Oct-18 38d

HD2211 Electrical wiring 10d 01-Oct-18 10-Oct-18 22d

HD2251 Floor leveling 1d 10-Oct-18 11-Oct-18 32d

HD2256 Tile marking 1d 11-Oct-18 12-Oct-18 32d

HD2241 Plumbing pipe line 5d 10-Oct-18 15-Oct-18 31d

HD2216 False ceiling 12d 10-Oct-18 24-Oct-18 22d

HD2246 Toilet tile laying 8d 15-Oct-18 24-Oct-18 31d

HD2221 2 coats of primer 5d 24-Oct-18 29-Oct-18 32d

HD2226 Rough wall putty 5d 29-Oct-18 02-Nov-18 32d

HD2261 Tile laying 10d 24-Oct-18 02-Nov-18 22d

HD2231 finished wall putty 5d 02-Nov-18 07-Nov-18 32d

HD2266 emulsion coating 7d 07-Nov-18 13-Nov-18 32d


2.6. Resource Management

Resource management is a process by which various resources can be managed effectively. It

involves planning of resources, so that right resources are assigned to right task. Resource

management also include an idea making sure that there is enough physical resources but not

an overabundance and at the same time people are assigned to tasks that will make them busy

and not have too much down time.

2.6.1. Resource Allocation

Resource allocation is the assignment of available resources to various activities. In Project

management, Resource allocation is the scheduling of activities and the resources required by

those activities while taking into consideration both resource availability and the project time.

In Primavera software, resource allocation can be done for Men, Materials and Machineries.



Figure 1 the following are some of the sample resource details obtained from the

Primavera



2.6.2. Resource Levelling

Resource levelling is a process in which the finish date of the project is altered in accordance

to the availability of the resources. But, by running the primavera leveller resource levelling

is done in this project without altering the finish date. Because the advantage of this leveller

is that, it only delays the activity which is not on critical path and level resources only within

the activity total float. In this project the over allocation of the resources are levelled without

altering the finish date. The following are the results of leveled resources obtained from the

Primavera sotware,



Figure 2.6.1. Resource levelling - Project engineer

Figure 2.6.2 Resource levelling-Supervisor

Figure 2.6.3 Resource levelling - Watchman



Figure 2.6.4 Resource levelling Mazdoor-Men

Figure 2.6.5 Resouce levelling–Mazdoorwomen

Figure 2.6.6. Resource levelling - Barbender



Figure 2.6.7 Resource levelling - carpenter.

2.7.1. Budgeting

In the process of budgeting, project budget is framed by cost estimation. Project budgets are

similar to resource plans, are a reflection of project work and the timing of that work. Project

budget provides the project management with an understanding of how funds will be utilized

and expended over time for projects. A “budget” is a statement of the amount of money that

is available to spend over a period of time, or on a specific thing, such as a building. It may

include an outline plan for how that money will be spend, and a breakdown of items it will be

spend on. A comprehensive budget can only be developed as a result of the project schedule

and resource plan. Therefore, with better schedule and various types of work required to

complete the tasks, more accurate the budget will be. Cost estimation is also often used to

establish a budget as the cost constraint for project. Hence in this project budget is created

with the help of scheduling, resource management and cost estimation.

Table 2.7.2 Monthly cash flow



Figure 2.7.3 Cash Flow Chart

3. CONCLUSION

Project Management Model is an effective tool that helps to achieve optimized cost and time

duration. By performing budgeting and scheduling, an appropriate project model can be

prepared. Hence in our project we have created a project management model considering all

constrains such as scope, time and budget. The results of the project are,

� Scheduling for the project is done with the help of the Primavera. The project is

scheduled for minimum duration. The critical duration is obtained by crashing of

certain activities. For effective scheduling process the resources are allocated

properly according to the availability.

� The culmination date for the project is finalized and the resource leveling is done

according without affecting the final date. The leveling is done using Primavera.

� Budgeting is done on monthly basis; Cash flow for the execution of project is

calculated from scheduling and cost estimation.

� This project with proper scheduling increases the profit percent compared with the

projects that are not properly scheduled.

� Since the project is well planned, the consequences which may arise due to delay

of project, insufficient cost and unavailability of resources are reduced. As the

project is preplanned the customers can prepare themselves financially to meet the

requirements of the project on beforehand. With the project management model,

the project crew as well as the clients gain an idea about how the project will be

executed and how will the resource be utilized and the cost will be spend. This

project management model will also serve as a baseline for future projects.

� We investigated the causes and effects of delays the results of this study can be of

immense help to the practitioners (clients, contractors and consultants) and

academicians.

� The practitioners can better understand the dynamics of project management and

make efforts to reduce the incidences of delays. The academicians can conduct

similar studies in other parts of world and identify causes and effects of delays. As

mentioned earlier, some causes and effects may be unique to certain countries.



REFERENCES

[1] Aibinu, A. A., and Odeyinka, H. A. (2006). “Construction delays and their causative

factors in Nigeria”. J. Constr. Eng. and Mgmt., (ASCE), 132(7), 667-677.

[2] Alwi, S., and Hampson, K. (2003). “Identifying the important causes of delays in building

construction projects”. The 9th East Asia-Pacific conference on structural eng. and

constr., Bali, Indonesia.

[3] Al-Khalil, M. I. and Al-Ghafly, M .A. (1999), 'Delay in public utility projects in Saudi

Arabia'. International Journal of Project Management, 17(2)101-106.

[4] Aibinu AA, Jagboro GO. The effects of construction delays onproject delivery in

Nigerian construction industry. Int J ProjectManage 2002; 20:593–9.

[5] Ajanlekoko JO. Controlling cost in the const industry. LagosQS Digest, Lagos

1987;1(1):8–12.

[6] Ashwini Arun Salunkhe1, Rahul S. Patil, Statistical Methods for Construction Delay

Analysis

[7] Chan DWM, Kumaraswamy MM. A comparative study of causes of

Time overruns in Hong Kong construction projects. Int J Project Manage 1997; 15(1):55–

63.

[8] Chan DWM, Kumaraswamy MM. Compressing construction durations:

Lessons learned from Hong Kong building projects. Int J Project Manage 2002; 20:23–

35.

[9] Sambasivan, M. and Soon, Y.W. (2007), Causes and Effects of Delays in Malaysian

Construction Industry. International Journal of Project Management, 25:517-526.

[10] IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)

Odeyinka HA, Yusif A. The causes and effects of construction delays on completion cost

of housing project in Nigeria. J Financial Manage Property Construction 1997;2(3):31–

44.

[11] Ogunlana SO, Promkuntong K. Construction delays in a fast growing

Economy: comparing Thailand with other economies. Int J Project Manage 1996;

14(1):37–45.

[12] Sekaran Uma. Research methods for business: a skill building

Approach. 3rd Ed. New York: John Wiley; 2000.

[13] Terry Williams. Assessing extension of time delays on major projects.

Int J Project Manage 2003; 21:19–26.

[14] Zou, Yi and Lee, Sang-Hoon (2008), The impacts of change management practices on

Project change cost performance, Construction Management and Economics,

26(4): 387-393.

[15] Sumesh Sudheer Babu and Dr. B. Sudhakar, Construction Project Management during

Economic Crisis. International Journal of Management, 7(7), 2016, pp. 371–381.

[16] Amani, M Al Hadidi and Rami Maher. Engineering Project Management Planning and

Scheduling. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp.

140–148.

[17] Tamilselvan Mahalingam and Dr. S. K.Nagarajan, Impact of Project Management

Training On Project Success Rate, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and

Technology, 9(7), 2018, pp. 1223–1230.

[18] Ogunde Ayodeji, Akuete Eseohe, Joshua Opeyemi, Bamidele Ebenezer, lekan Amusan

and Ogunde Abisola, Project Management A Panacea to Improving The Performance of

Construction Projects In Ogun State, Nigeria, International Journal of Civil Engineering

and Technology, 8(9), 2017, pp. 1234–1242

[19] Rajendra Kumar Parida, Project Management, International Journal Of Management,

5(3), 2014, pp. 47–52

a project management model for an experimental ......were used for estimation, quantity surveying...

Documents