A PROGRESS REPORT ON DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF PUMPING

FROM THE CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN AQUIFER IN THE AUDRAIN COUNTY AREA

by

R.D. KNIGHT AND L.F. EMMETT

1979

OPEN FILE REPORT SERIES

OFR-79-03-WR

Missouri Department of Natural Resources

Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division P.O. Box 250, Rolla, MO 65402-0250

PHONE (573) 368-2125 FAX (573) 368-2481 E-MAIL gsradpubs@dnr.state.mo.us

Integrity and excellence in all ue do

A PROGRESS REPORT ON DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF PUMPING FROM THE CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN AQUIFER IN

THE AUDRAIN COUNTY AREA, MISSOURI

Robert D. Knight Division of Geology and Land Survey

Leo F. Emmett U.S~ Geological Survey

MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND LAND SURVEY

Wallace 8. Howe, Director & State Geologist, P.O. Box 250, Rolla, MO 85401

r

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction .... ...... .... . .. . ... . .... .. ..... .. . . . . ........ . ... . ... .... . ... . . .. . 1

Hydrogeologic Setting ..... .... .. .. . . . .... ..... ... .... .. ..... .. . . .............. .. 2 Description of the Aquifers and Confining Beds ........ ... . ..... ... . ... . . ...... 2

Recharge, Discharge, and Movement of Ground Water ..... ... . ..... .. ..... . ... 6

Quality of Ground Water .............. . ...................... . . . .. . .. . .. .... . 6

Conclusions and Plans For Further Study ... ... .. . ... .. . . ...... ..... ... . . ... ..... 1 O

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure

1. Alt itude of The Top of The Roubidoux Formation .. .................... ... . 3

2. Potentiometric Surface of The Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifer ....... . . . .. ... 7

3. Distribution of Total Dissolved-Solids Conc~ntration In Water In The Cambr ian-Ordovician Aquifer .. .... .. .............. .... .. 8

4. Distribution of Sodium Concentration In Water In The Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifer . . .............. . . . .. . ... . .... . .... . . 9

Table

1. Generalized Geohydrologic Section of Study Area . ........ .. ..... ... . . . .. 4

In troduction

INTRODUCTION

The Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey has begun a study to determine the quantity and quality of water available for irrigation in the Audrain County area. It is also the purpose of this study to determine the effects that an increased withdrawal of ground water from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer will have on the water level in the aquifer and to evaluate the potential for saltwater encroachment that may ensue from lowering of water levels.

The possibility of increased withdrawal of ground water from the Cambrian­Ordovician aquifer in the Audrain County area has caused concern that such withdrawal may adversely affect water levels of w ells in the area, and the quality of water from the aquifer. For example, the use of water from the Cambr ian-Ordovician aquifer by towns in Audrain County has increased from about 0 .9 in 1962 to a l ittle over 1.8 million gallons per day (mgd) in 1977 (Census of Public W ater Supplies in Missouri, 1962 1, 19772) . The major portions of this water (93-95 percent) is withdrawn by the City of Mexico. In addition to th is withdrawal for public supply, there are several self-supplied industrial and com mercial users of water from the Cambrian-Ordovician. A more recent development (since about 1975) has been the installation of irrigation wells that tap this aquifer in areas where surface impoundments either were not feasible or where ground water provided a more dependable supply.

The Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey has a continuous w ater level recorder in an unused well at Vandal ia. The depth to water in this well in January 1971 was 178.1 feet, indicating the low water level for that period. By June 1976 the low water level was 181.5. At this t ime, an increase in ground water usage in the area w as shown by marked decrease in water levels, declining to a low of 189.3 in July 1978.

At the present (1979) there are 24 irrigation wells in the Audrain County area that tap the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer. In this area, in order to supply the amount of water needed for an irrigation system, it is necessary to drill wells to a depth of 1,200-1,400 feet. Most of these wells have yields of 800-1,000 gallons per minute. There is some concern-that heavy pumping of water from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer will lower water levels making it necessary to lower the pump and in extreme cases drill the well deeper.

The water in this aquifer is sal ine (total dissolved-solids concentration exceeds 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/ I)) north of Audrain County. If water levels in the Cambrian - Ordovician aquifer are significantly lowered, it is possible that poorer quality water may move into the Audrain County area.

In the area covered by this report, the major water-bearing horizon below the Potosi Dolomite is the Lamotte Sandstone. The State Penitentiary Well #3A at the State Prison in Jefferson City was drilled

EFFECTS OF PUMPING FROM THE CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN AQUIFER

into the Lamotte to a depth of 1,570 feet . Approximately 100 feet of Lamotte was penetrated.

Water samples were taken as drilling progressed with the first sample being taken and analyzed at a depth of 600 feet in the Eminence Dolomite. The water at this depth had a total dissolved-solids concentration of 340 mg/ I and the chlorides were 8.1 mg/I. The analysis in the Pototsi Dolomite at a depth of 812 feet had a total dissolved-solids concentration of 331 mg/ I and the chlorides were 13.1 mg/I. A sample taken from the Lamotte Sandstone at a depth of 1,540 feet has an increase of total dissolved solids to 620 mg/ I with the chlorides increasing to 89.6 mg/ I. At the depth of 1,570 feet the total dissolved solids were 552 mg/ I and the chlorides were 98. 6 mg/ I.

With the water in the Lamotte Sandstone (approximately 500 feet below the Potosi) being more mineralized than in the Potosi, there is the distinct possibility that heavy and continued pumping could induce encroachment both horizontally and vertically. This is known to have happened in the city wells at St. Peters in St. Charles County, and at Warrensburg in Johnson County. The wells at St. Peters increased in mineralization by encroachment of mineralized water due to heavy pumping. The wells were finally abandoned and wells were then constructed in the Mississippi River alluvium east of town.

HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING

The study area consists of Audrain County and parts of adjacent counties and is located in the southern part of the glaciated area or northern Missouri. The local topographic relief is not great, being less than 100 ft. in the vicinity of Mexico, Missouri.

2

Over 70 percent of the area drains north into tributaries of the Salt River About 20 percent of the eastern part of the area 1s drained by tributaries of the Cuivre 1iver. The Salt River and Cuivre niver drainage systems are tributary to the M issisc;1ppi River, which is about 36 milds east of the area . The extreme southern part of the area drains to the south into the Missouri Rive~.

The regional dip (slope) of the Cambrian Ordovician aquifer in this area 1s shown by a structure contour map using the t op of ihe Roubidoux Formation as the datum (fig. 1) Regional dip is only a few degrees in a northerly direction. Steeply dipping beds are restricted to the immediate v1cin1ty of faults.

Description of the Aquifers and Confining Beds

Most of the area is covered by glacial drift consisting of pebbly clay with mi!lor amounts of sand and gravel. Along some streams this glacial material has been removed and the underlying rocks of Pennsylvanian age are exposed. In a few areas erosion has exposed the older rocks of Mississippian age.

The maximum total thickness C>f consolidated sedimentary rocks underlying the glacial drift in Audra in County is about 2,600 feet. A general,zed geohydro logic section for the area is given in ·able 1.

Water level measurements in w~lls indicate that there are two aquifers of regional extent. The geoloric formations from the St. Peter Sandstone down to and including the Potosi Dolomite constitute the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer of tnis report. The other aquifer in this area is made up of limestones of Mississippian age, primarily the Burlingtor-Keokuk Limestone.

o.u ... ,, ,,,,.

o• • H,1:

\ \

, I . c. ,,

AND O 'hPH on "" • H unisv,,.• I;,( ""' '~ _,,-,

,,

~--.........1 ,~ c .... - •• • I \ '-l. .. __.r-_.--6 I I I

Vic. to,

c,, ,, .,,,1 p

0 N '"''R A 1/,,_; y .lt.H.,l-..,,,,11 .. ,., F

Hull" · '' · r _/ '"--- . r- c~,, M,~oson . '- ,.Jr. · F,,d· .Jf"'t • J ' ' '.~ • flolla.

f l.,/ >

< ..

M ·,,

I

. , Ji) - ~A L , ·,.,, .,1,1 , ·,, ,,,,,,,,

r;,-, ,. ,.-... o, .. ,.,, I ,IIA

I

--U~1r, ,.

I -

\ '-" y~ "-~ / v ,,. hu•"'\ \ L s

. / ,' /1 ...... ,,,1

/ II ,.

( • ' • (>. ,-., . .1ne ~ .c· ~ ,• ' ._,r tn• tiit -. I Sr,,

-l •' · ,. '·, , , • { M~rly I ' a.4, (l, ,. l,.,.r('.\1,,. : •• : ~ I' ·; I - \

, '~";"~\

/_,- , 's, MtH/\1 Airy

~

I

-h / ' ~

w

Kjl ,~ '\ I

"""·•1

- -- - ~ o.,,,tna

I I ... ,

. . ~-

~

',. ,~;;, ... ~ f J ,, , ,'i ', ~ H l.-1, r

~---- ---~ -_J_ I ' - ~ -I \. - >, , /' r ,, ~ 01,n, :. ' > - .:-..""'

' I ~ ,'I. /.',

• .,o I ,'l. -~-

F IGURE e,w Sprrnr.

''" -._.

•1

I Am•tocus

~ I l'r •••

'· t 1 •. ~ ...

, \.

ALTITUDE OF TH£ TOP Of THE ROUt!IOOUX FORMATION

.:.UORAIN COUNTY ARCA

( ~ · CO"'lf•UII ~ rt.P~A...

CCtiPl.- -' - ••t I"!' ~.,. .. :; .... ,e...,.

\\·'"

~Bu••• T,

R•II •

....... f-- - I H• ... t. p .... ""t "- '- r- ---I--.._~ ,, "--J__"'""' I , L ':'' Y) Tnalonl _---, '•,,. ,

I I

I ,, .. ,

._ ___ _ "'ifl'M C1ly -....._ ' .,,----

P94"\dl•ton ~ • • ----- rt W•rrf'nton Tn.ie~d • lf"

./Vi/ ::;

A R ~R E N : ,..

~ <• l M cKut"'~~ , ~ Pont•rwt Rh1nel• no ~ .

~ --- :; ~ "!_• ~ "' -· -...._ u~•, "t:ar,..

\,.•"' ... $

-~

Figure 1. Altitude of the top of the Roubidoux Formation.

::t "' f :)

~ ?;·

~ ~ . ::) ~

~

System Series Formation

Ouatt!rnarv

Residl.um

Glacial Drift

Pennsylvanian

Mississippian

lJetrital

Burimgton-Koekuk L,mestone

Seda!i;, F 0rmation

Chouteau Group

lower M1ssiss1pp1an formations I

Devonian

Or .lovician (Midrlle) l<immsw,.__i.. Formation

..----Decorah rormatior

-----Platt\n Formation

Joachim Dolomite

St. P.,,Pr <::2 ,dstvn'c'

L Eve. ton 1 ,•rmat:o, 1

I ·---!-

Table 1

GENERALIZED GEOHYDR OLOGIC SECTION OF STUDY AREA

Thickness in Feet Rock Description Average Yield Remarks (Predominate Lithology First)

0 -25± Silt, sand, gravel, and clay 0 to seep Provides small quantities of water for dug wells

0-100± Sand, gravel, clay, and silt 0 to 10 gpm Well yields dependent on amount of contained sand and gravel ; usually cased out in this area.

0-175± Shale, sandstone, limestone, silt, () to 10 gpm Production usually from Sdndstone. may be min~ral· clay. and some coal ized (h;gh sulphate, high iron).

0 40± Chert (broken), clay 0 to 5± gpm Yields small quant1t1es of poor quality, turbid watPr; should be cased out.

150± Limestone, chert, dolomite 5 t o 15 gpm Produ(:tion affected by draught.

20~ Silty limestone and dolomite, 0 Low yields - unimportant as an aquifer.

25 to 75+ Limestone, dolomites, some chert 0

20 to 50± ShalP, sand~one, limestone 0 Locally, shale is confining ,ayer.

20 to 75± Limest one, $,mdstone 0 UniMportant a~ aquifer. - .. ..

0 -75± LimestonP 5 to 10 gpm Y ields a, e sufficient mr household use.

20 TO 30± Limestone. shaly 0 Locolly confiring layer.

25 t 0 4C: nolomite, limestone 0 Confining layer; n1o~t ~:gh yield wel ls c;,~er! in

25:r Dolrunite I 0 Plaain Format ion.

0-7!:i± s~ndstcne 10 Iv 25 gpm Good w;iwr o; oductror: fur hl11llr u~e ; S!TIS:I inJu~tr, and tari ;i u~e.

0-4l ~ i Dolomite, sand~wne, ,hri:c 0 1 Sorrif'(• ,.% shr.!e will c.J,,., n w;;:lls nP.ce~qtatin!J use o f

lim.r or casing.

I

~ n-i ~~ txi n-i ::c C')

h~ <:O 6..,, ::c 'O

8~ <:::: 'O () ~ h C) <..,, h ::c 00 C: ~ :;:; 1 n-i r,-, ::c

i

Table 1 cont. . . ..

System Series Formation Thickness in Feet

Ordovician (Lower)

Powell Dolomite 0-75±

Cotter Dolomite 250±

Jefferson City Dolomite 150±

Roubidoux Formation 100 to 125±

Gasconade Dolomite 200 to 300±

Cambrian

Eminence Dolomite 75 to 125±

Potosi Dolomite 50 to 75±

Pre-Potosi formations 1000±

Precambrian

(.Tl

Rock Description (Predominate Lithology First)

Dolomite, chert. shale

Dolomite, sand, chert

Dolomite, chert, sandstone

Chert, sand, dolomite

Dol omite, chert, sandstone

Dolomite

Dolomite

Dolomite, silt, shale, sandstone

Igneous and metamorphic f

Average Yield Remarks

0 to 1~gpm ~ Generally unimportant as an aquifer; may be used

0 to 10 gpm ~oc.illly · . , n1s urnt c.an be a good producer locally, if sufficient

0 to 25 gpm-,. . d porosity an pe rmeabil ity are present.

50 to 200 gpm 1- Good producer for smal l towns and industry.

300 t o 500 gnm+ Excel lent producers for towns, cities, industry, irrigation.

400 to 700 gpm+ Excellent producer. Could be mineralized in north and west part of area.

700 to 1100 gpm Excellent produrer.

0 Non producing. High yield wells drilled into th is interval to completely penetrate the Potosi but no wells completely penetrate this interval. May be locally mineralized.

Unimportant as a source of water.

::t ..._ ~ <2 Cb

1 ?;·

~ ~ ~-

EFFECTS OF PUMPING FROM TH£ CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN AQUIFER

Water-level measurements in wells that tap the two different aquifers show the head in the Mississippian aquifer to be as much as 150 ft. higher than tho head in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer. Conse­quently, the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer probably receives some recharge from the Mississippian aquifer. Water levels in wells that tap formations below rocks of Mississippian age but above the St. Peter Sandstone display water levels intermediate between the two aquifers. Local aquifers of limited areal extent and small yield probably are present in sandy portions of the glacial drift and also in the rocks of Pennsylvanian age.

There are no producirig wells in the Audrain County area that penetrate formations below the Potosi Dolomite. Consequently, the hydrogeo lo gic characteristics of formations below the Potosi Dolomite are unknown. If the geologtc formations underlying the Potosi Dolomite contain saline water, and if the head 1s greater in the pre-Potosi formations than in the overlying Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer, the pre-Potosi formations could become a source of saltwater contamination.

Recharge, Discharge, and Movement of Ground Water

Recharge to the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer from precipitation is impeded by the glacial drift (predominantly a pebbly clay}, and the underlying Pennsylvanian formations (predominantly shale).

6

Direction of movement of w ater 1 1 ·IH, Cambrian -Ordovician aquifer in 11 e Audrain County arec: is shown in figur,? 2 . The major feature shown by the potentiornetric map (fig. 2) is the cone of depression (inverted cone) formed by pumping from the City of Mexico water wells.

There was verv little irrigation dur•r.g the 1978 growing season. Consequently, figure 2 does not show any sign1f•car1. lowering of water levels thal can l>e attributed to irrigation pumpaye. Discharge from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer 1s from wells and from outflow probat.Jly <-tlor.g the eastern and southern margins of the area.

Quality of Ground Wator

The tota l dissolved-solid;, and sodiurri concentrations 1n water from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer in Audra n and adjacent counties are 5hown in figures 3 and 4. respectively. Figures 3 and 4 show that the total dissolved-solids and sodium concentrations in the water increa;,e towardJhe north.

A possible indication of upward leakag".! of poor quality water frorn geologic. formations underlying trie Cambridn­Ordovician aquifer is suggested by the slightly higher values for total dissolved­solids and sodium concentrations lfigs. 3 and 4) in the vicinity of Columbia, Fult on, and Montgomery City where large amount~ of ground water are pumped. There 1s however, no indication of this occurring in

the immediate vicinity of Mexico.

Si,aldu,, '; ...... _ .. h,tll.. .. , . I

-.. __ _ --J------J ·., •' Clap~, lnoran L

1.1.,

~ ~ ) c, ..... I ,, II •><:><>di•"" ' .;_ I ~ ( '•ufli ,tnS Bt•"Sf' .. · , . ...... ~x o o,,,.N ..... R n./ f ·"···.. !

I, Gos\. '•• ' 1:, .. '

L ,·,,,,,,.,,; Cfttttf"t

L

' don /~ \

s ~.~\·-\ \ ~ ,' ~ \ - '

,''/,;'~""""" k .. .,d,nli' >-- \ (/ " ,, ... , , I .J/.,1,1 /

f ··' H ell '1il, r F .. , ~ r 1orlO. • :i 1 H I / ~, / ePar tt.

----- ............,., • -· I f,f ,...-,, l a.,. n

~ • _,,, Mao,son ,.. I

____,__/ , -If.II .,,I. Vrc t , ,, .

/ . • Spt-nc er hur~ F \Ion .,, Ii~,. P \

_ H /...;. err y t> \ 4 ' 11 • 10 9 '. I, ,· , I :.,

.;,..,.,. ' .!. ·' ,/

erly I ,:, .. I , . ~1 ,101 .. Gro,p - I

I ~-, !:- - -- r f ,,

··~ ,. SU

~ .. n ta Fe I : I -~ .. ~ "''' 'I f'rt1r• 1 ~ _ H 11t1 ' 1 Hl ~ 1Jn ., , • \..U ~ ------ ---------------. ...,. - -_

~ owena - --- -~-- - --- -

I( .

POTENTI>IIIIETRIC SURFACE OF THE CMIBR\AH - OAOOVIC!Nl AQUIFERS

1 ' !194• . · ., .• I _ .,~ , van<lal/ • \ • ,, .... 'l , '1J' '<Auhri•.i :. J, . /

., ,.· ~ on1 .ea ,:. 7

, -' ~l't

~c1a,J J'" 1n. ,. _../ 1- ·/. ':' :. A4>~~r .. ~n .. ,

' ~ ... \ ...o .• ,. , 1M

M.ORAlN COUNTY AREA

( z5• COI/TruR INTEIN'L l

;_ elOI ' -0

-., 0 Estes • 0 o , " o/'14 ,.. !»'- - , - ·- • • \

II~ _ ~- f,c:IJ ~MT• R u-.r, - . 142 : • - ~-=- LfOd,:,. 1. atltl7

~ -:J...,-' n...; ,_., ., Hrll ~ T •~/ a.sn .. 1!'r:-1~ I Gazette P f ~,,,.i&r, -· l'10 'r~. ' ..... v,, .,..~ \ New H

) •su "" .,, I &l'W .....;.. • , n • -1 ,,,I / • 1~homp~o ~ _.. NJ 97:0,l"u~ Corne, 590- \

COIIPLEl> """' .. " lrt' c, .-TT

-550-­POTENTIOWf'TRIC CONTOUR SHOWS ALTIT\JD<: Of' POT£NTIOMETRIC SURFACE. Oo\TUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL

/1, 1 , I }: ,

"H;11!,..vlllP

1t r,n ., 'I

L a, ,..,,, ls .... ,,,1 ... r 1 t ,,-·o/ E

COLUMBIA .l~

-..J

) I

) , /

·,)

m ,... ~~ "' e\Mt . H~• • -*..l_ l • tr' - ---~ - ._.L_ - --- • - -

I •M ~ w,~ 1

• Middletown -559 •

~ . . . .,, ( ·, '· . ... ~ N

U)C.ll'ION OF WEU rnAT IS F1NISH£D IN Tl<E CAMIIIWI - DllDOVICIAN AOUIFER • .-11 IS ALTITUOE: Of' l'OTENTIOWETRIC SURFACE IN FUT AIIOVE MEAN Sf.A LEVEL •

•

1-iatlun

Steohens

L,nobergt\

· I.

, .. Au•va,..,e

i., . ,, .. ,, FIGURE 2

McCrrd,., '

(

Krnl(vv • • _ .. ,

I.· • ,.._. ... . ..,,

'•,,., I ·I W1 lham~burg

,-

..,,. .. ~, • 1 ~ 717 ',~ -c,.... \ I • 0 ~ ,• • , . U)C.l TIOI< OF W£l.L THAT 15 FINISHED IN THE

, -.......... B u ell 1·· · MISSISSIPPIAN AQUIFER -" IS ALTITV0£ OF .' ~ POTENTI01r1£TRIC SUIIFAGE IN f'CET AIIOVE l«AII

' SEA LEVEL ::; 8f'i' + OR':CTIOft Of •TER IIOYC~

"'. I-- - I l rc , , ,, ~~ H;,wk Point

V

1 'Ir"' ------~ ' T,u.tonl .,., L,

y I L_--i ·~.,, ';

c, ... ... -,r.

Figure 2. Potentiometric surface of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifers.

::t:

l 0

c2' c=;·

~ .... ~ :::,

IQ

Figure 3. Distribution of total dissolved solids concentration in water in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifers.

~ ·r1dif• G,n"'.,

'J I•• ,:1.

,;

co 0 .. , ., ,\,-,11 .. \ : ,·,··' ~,, A , ... M _, ....... N D O \ / ,· O N ''"·' R 'I- p H ,,.,, ' .I/ ,;,// y_..,,IUuf<••II~

" " " ' "•"·'•· . F "'"" ~ . r r ~ ,~ . _./ '"'" , ". ~ """"" ~ . ,. r .. ,, ·-"' " ... . ' ' ' ····-· . ,, " .. , ···"· .

' ' Moberlv 1 ,,

,)f'l"' H ,11

f ,,,J. V1t to,

,''.> , .. ~

" ~ '

~

AW ,n

(,

om. I ~; FIGURE 3

-~ '# ;

,R).,.=~· .. ,.,..,,~ l.'t , , , ou Ce-nter

Q,~n l awn

,~ p~, , f .

, . ...,,,, . >:-;~,

.,

L S ~ /\/A~uu,:,~'"',•,. .... / ~ ·-. \ -~ / \

\' / ' '•'"'''°'<J Hrad1n1 ~

( ,, ~ "':. ... - - , ..

l ,':_~· ~' I

\ S ' Sr~n< : l>U•k \.

511

DISTRIBUTION Of' TOTAL DISSOLVED SOUOS CONCENTRATION IN WATER IN THE CAMBRIAN - ORDOVICIAN AQUIFERS

AUDRAIN cou~n AP(A

(100 -o /1 COHTQUR ltTCltlAL J

c.: ... .t) ~ ,, ...... lli!'Olt•' t, •lf<ONT

ire J-- - J Hew1r. Potnl • '

~ :::---+- ------ ,._,,,.... I ,. tt,

R~ T,,.10,L _ -, < -~ I

'''" L __ _ Wtfrhl c,11 - ·. ~-.. .....__ .... ~ f

I A..,;;>cu• 6'•1 ~ l>'•n1_ • .•

'I\ eu~nio- T ,.,escUlt 0

I ,f,,, .. _/\"J :i

A R _R E N I

~! :::. ":' ~ .

"(, - __;~~l ., ·.:

V,

.. l .. -- _, -~;. ~

~~4',n '""' --+--~ A~.nfll•f•O ___ _.....,-- - I ....

• " .,__...,, ......u:.,..,.,4..~ ... O,o,t' ..... ~

~~ s: .,, Cl:) ri, ~ C")

h ;;j <!O ' .,,

0 "t) ~ C: C) s: 0 "t)

<:: --< Q C) l:,. ,, < :x, hO 0 s: s -; .,, ::t ri, ri, :x,

..

r,_,,,.,,,_ \

''0 "'"' Hdt I

' I , ·, · ,l 5~

A ·. ' """ M "~"'"" N D O i· . I ,·, 0 N I .. ,1 R .>s

p H , '"' . .,,.,.,, . n/ ''''""'" 'on

11011

H --~I ____/Holloday : ' r / ~ - ~·"· , • . .. ~" r ,, / """'" ~ . o . Fo, < ,,,

. ' ' ,,..,.- ' .. -· _,,• '/,, t

1

, I [ vcln '5""41'• ">~f./! ·-·I florTd• ______..-- ..,____ ',,, ,, ' " ,. .

' , ·, A Mo~erly / ' "'•

11 V,cfor

,·,

'f;:tf P S

><. ,p

/ !iurto'l

R 0 ,,-"

Middle Gro : U ve 9 1!• ,:1, \ I

t:=' tt . !>1 , ..... ,

. .:.: ------~()

tfR,"'; ...... :.,2

f ,· ·'

Au•vass.e zo

Sa;;-·a fp

,:;: .,,, "•l'l,

Shamr<x"

Ba ctlelor

R. I

Home I ,.;.h I

,' f1 tl' ~ ,,• ,.

~ •,l

_, ·:J

/ ,M1llenbur&

\ _. I ,. , C

,, Deer Park :l ~~ ~··.•'''' J 7 i ;,

,' 't1r''·~' -."" ~<...

!Mc~rted,~~,ng;o·;,, City

/,'

'\ - ~ ...... .,... CalWOOd

.,, A 1.. A W

•••>if ~It.on

FIGURE

"5 --- - -.... -~

7,. /,,

A y

t·,··· • r;..

4

-

g) -..JA L ,·, ,, , ,,, , ,·,,,., . .,,, /;4 , , · , ,,,, Ce,n1e,

Gr•,., 1., .... ,1

J.->,-,,,

•' _,

L • X /~' s ; / V A; 1>um'\>- \

. ' / \· \ . / \ , .' / I'"""""' Hed•••nv >---_,\

(/ " ": ~

/' I

\ ',1 .. n, er!JurR

~

F

Ga,E>tt'" 1\8'",· H

DISTRIBUTION Of SODIUM CONCENTRATION IN WATER IN THE CAMBRIAN • ORDO­VICIAN AQUIFERS

AUDRAIW COUNTY AREA

(S0,..;/1 C~ IHTE~ i

0:,.-....IJ JMt •t79 KY 11tOacn o 1Ctr, 1C,,n

..... :l

tr·-, '" 1 ~ H-•-m '".'lnlJl')(l~;y r:11y \\•\ '41!'\I\. --- ------

:,,\J .-.4t- • I T, Ill ton I , L •.

.,

>- ~Jhn p~la

/ , ,,,

I. .. 8ig Spring

Americus

I /~.

I . L •, 0 M ~A~ --, ·-.. ';

~

,e I 1: .. ,

tt L 1gh Mil • 10...._ -~~-

l- ~ ·~"' 1 ~' , Pendleton

,v··· r :.. .,·w ~

A

Wri~ht C•tt

-----·· -----~-W.iirrf'nlon t,uesdal~ 0

R VR E N .. ('

Ashland~' j-j J y-ar~ngt~n

/ Guthne "-. - ' ,, w1•on/ ~ :; --~

7'.~ •w B'°9""fl\ \.. ~ -+•h.o-• I - - ..C..

""" !.. '

c.o ' ~ --· !£!!!!od I McK,1trick~

Rhineland __;---... r _.,-/ · _ - - " Go,e,"t::.

,,. .... , ~

Figure 4. Distribution of sodium concentration in water in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifers.

~ ~ ~ 1 i')·

~ ... §'·

IQ

EFFECTS OF PUMPING FROM THE CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN AQUIFER

CONCLUSIONS ll ND PLANS FOR FURTHER STUDY

A review of chemica l analyses of water from municipal wells in the Audrain County area from 1934 to the present does not show a change in chemical quality of the water with time. However, because of the potent i a I increase in groundwater withdrawal from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer, and the subsequent potential for saltwater encroachment, 1t is desirable to continue periodic sampling of water quality from irrigation wells, public-supply wells, and selected domestic wells.

As shown in figure 2, pumping from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer has caused a cone of depression to form in the potentiometric surfce. Additional pumping from the aquifer, either from existing or new wells, will result in lowering of the potent iometric surface. The amount of lowering and consequent configuration of the potentiometric surface will be dependent on the aquifer characteristics, the amount of water pumped, and the location and spacing of the pumped wells .

Computer simulation techniques will be used to help understand how the groundwater system operates, and to guide the collection of additional data.

Data needed include:

10

1. An inventory of all large-capacity wells and the amount of water pumped.

2 . Water-level measureme nts in wells; data to be used to construct maps showing the configu ration of the groundwater surface before and after summer pumpage. These maps will show the effects pumping has on the water level in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer.

3. Determination of aquifer characteristics. These values must be determined from aq uifer tests, or from the potentiometric maps, and a knowledge of the amount of water pumped.

4. M ap showing elevation of the top of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer.

5. Map showing distribution and thickness of the Pennsylvanian and glacial drift confining the Cambrian­Ordovician aquifer.

The completion and results of this study are planned for September 1980. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey will publish this as a Water Resources Report and this will be available from their office at Rolla, Missouri.

1

I •

MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND LAND SURVEY

• Wallace 8. Howe, Ph.D., Director and State Geologist

DIVISION ADMINISTRATION

ADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL SUPPORT

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

Edith E. Ht•flsf11y, Execut,vc I Charlotte L Sands, Administrative Secretary Ch1,rfotte Pttpm11/er, Cleti Typist II Sandra E. M,tfer, Cleric· Typist II Wilbort P. Malone Milintenonce M,Jn II W11ltt'r C. Brun, Labor Foreman Robert J . Fryer, Laborer II Gentt Lewis, L aborer II

* W Keith Wed~. Ph.D., Chief Vac;iflt, Editor Arthur W. Hebranlc, B.S .• Geologisr II Barbara R Mdler, Composer Equ1pmttnt Operator I Jc,incrre K . Locki,,gton, BA., Au11tant Librarian K11tie L. Hale, Cleric · Typist Ill M,,ry Jo Horn. Clt1rk-Typ1st II Gory Clark, B.S., Artist Ill Susan C. Dunn, 8 F.A., Artist II 8 ./ly G. Ross, Artist I Ph11/1p Strellt'flt1r, Artist I

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY *Jerry D Vineyard, M .A , Asst. State Geologist and Program Director

Vacant, Geologist Ill Gregory M. L ow,lf, Chemist I Berry Harri,, Cltlrt · Typ ist II

MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES

*JamM A. Martin, M.S., Ch,ef Heyw,Jrd M. Wharton, M.A. , G11ologtsr I ll Charles E. Roberuon, M.A., Geologist Ill £1111 B Ki11111n¥1y1, M.S., Gt1olo911t Ill Ardel W. Ru11ff. B.A., Geofogist Ill D1t111d C Smith, S .S., Geologist fl

Kenneth P. Searry, 8 .S .. Geologist I D.J·,11d Work. B.S., Geologist I Denn,s Harr11. Laboratory Tt'Chn1c1an Karhrya Ad•mick, Cle1k-Stenogr11pher If

Vac.1nt, G11olo9ic Technician

WATER RESOURCES DATA AND RESEARCH

Di11e L. Fullf!r, 8.S., Chief '*Robc.•tt D /\n ight, B.S., Gtt0logist Ill

Don E M,llt1r, M.S., Geolug,st Ill Ja'1'1e1 V.1ndike. M.S • Geo/09111 II MarA Mankos, B.S., Gcoloqist I Donl<Jy Jones, 8.S . Laboratory Technic1,1n 0. JeiJn Hale, Clt1'*·Stenographer II

AREAL GEOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY

Thomas L. Thompson, Ph.D., Chief /r,1 R. Satterfield, M .S., Geolog,sr Ill Ronald A . Ward, M.S., Geolog11t II Mark Middendorf. B.S .. Gaolog11t I Tami Martm, Clerk · Typ11t II

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

.. JJmes H. Williams, Ph O , Ch;.f Thomas J. Dean, B.S .• Geologist Ill John W. Whitfield, B.A., Geologist Ill

* OJ111d Hoffman, M .S., Geologist Ill 8,11 Dulcy, 8.S .• Geolog1u I GBry St. lvany, 8 .A., Laboratory Trchn1cian Debortah S. Breuer, Cle1k-Stenographer II

SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY - OIL AND GAS

Kt•nneth H. And•non, B.A., Chief Jack S. Wells, 8 .S., Geologist Ill Rrx Bohm, B.S .• Gtt0logist I J,1mes Palmer. B.S., Gt10logi1t I Golda L. Roberts, Cletk· Typist II /ta F Bow,•n, Lal>oratory AssistMt Jerry A . PIJke. Laboratory Helper

LAND SURVEY

1-Robert f . Myers, State Land Surveyor and Program Director Glenda Henson. Clcrlc·Stenog,apher Ill Ruth L. Allen, Clerk · Typ1s1 II Ralph P. Heu, Or•ftsman I

FIELD SURVEYS

t"Norman L. B,own. MS., Chief t*Robcrt L. Wethmgtnn. 8 S., Land Surveyor I tJohn D. P11ufsmeye1, S.S., Lar.d Surveyor I

t-.John M F -owen. L ,1nd S.uvC'y Tt'Chnician Ill Bruce D. C.utt1r, Land Su,n•y Ttxhn1c,.,,, I Thom,u M. CC>Olcy, L.md Survey h'Chnicum I VacJ11t Land ~vn-ey Tt'<:hmci1J11 II

LAND RECORDS REPOSITORY

Jxk C. McDennott, L1111d Records Manager • Jame• L. Matlock, Microfilm Technician

DtJnc R. Hess, Microf,/m Records Techn,cion L,11dJ S. Millet, Clerk· Typist II Mo1r1orie Wagner, Cleric -Typist II Vacant, Clerk II

* Cer11f1l'd Profeu,onol Geological Sc1cnt1st t Registered Land Surveyor • R (!y stered Profeu,onal Geologist • Certified Engonoering Tl'chrnc,an

* Reg,ster!d Profeuion11I EngonNtr