a practical approach to enterprise risk · pdf filecoso definition: a process, ... establish...
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A Practical Approach to Enterprise Risk Management
Amit Govil Managing Partner, P&G Associates
Presented by:
John McIsaac President, McIsaac Risk Solutions
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Today’s Agenda I. Defining ERM II. Implementation Challenge III. Framework for Practical Implementation IV. Three Phases for Implementation V. Benefits of ERM
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Defining Enterprise Risk Management
ERM - Confusion over what to measure and how • Measuring the potential for loss of assets • Measuring the potential for loss of future earnings
and capital • Measuring risks for accidental losses • Strategic, operational risks
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COSO Definition: A process, affected by an entity’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel, applied in a strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risks to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives
Defining Enterprise Risk Management
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In search of the Definition of ERM • How to apply the concept, in a practical way, to a
community financial institution
• What is the benefit of developing one?
Defining Enterprise Risk Management
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In 1964, a Supreme Court Justice, having difficulty explaining pornography, simply said: “I can’t explain it...but I know it when I see it.”
Defining Enterprise Risk Management
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A warning system
Defining Enterprise Risk Management
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RED
ALERT
Defining Enterprise Risk Management
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Three Prong Approach • Understanding our risks, internal and external environment
• Method to validate that the various processes and controls in
place are working (Is everyone doing what they are supposed to be?)
• Method to ensure that the business strategy in place is generating the right results (Is our strategy adequate?)
Defining Enterprise Risk Management
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• No clear regulatory guidance/road map • COSO/BASIL standards that define measurement and
quantification of risk are geared for large institutions • Centralizing data needed to measure and identify risk is
difficult • Lack of Institution wide Support or Deemed Value of
Implementation
Hurdles for Implementation
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Framework for Practical Implementation
• Holistic Approach – Enterprise wide
• A mechanism that is understood and useful at the Board of Directors level
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DEFINE
MEASURE
MANAGE
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Framework for Implementation
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Phase One Perform an Enterprise wide Assessment of:
1. Internal Environment – Set Framework
2. Objective Settings – Identification of Risk
Settings
Framework for Implementation
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Phase One 1. Internal Environment – Set Framework
a) Document Risk Management Philosophy b) Perform and Document Risk Culture Survey c) Develop Risk Management Policy
• Define Board Oversight • Identify Risk Committee • Identify CRO • Identify the Organization Structure
Framework for Implementation
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Phase One – Internal Environment
Document Risk Management Philosophy:
• The Organization's risk culture
• How risks are identified and managed (i.e., written policies, performance indicators, meetings with managers, exception reports, etc.)
Framework for Implementation
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Phase One – Internal Environment Perform and Document Risk Culture Survey:
• How well does everyone in the organization understand: • Code of conduct • Work Environment • People/Resources • Risk Management • Access to Information
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Framework for Implementation
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Phase One – Internal Environment Develop Risk Management Policy: • Goals • Roles and Responsibilities – Board, CEO, CRO, Management,
Employees, Internal Audit, Compliance • Definition of types of Risks – Inherent, Residual, Risk categories
(i.e., Reputation, Market, IT, etc.) • ERM Process – Frequency of updates, surveys, benchmarking,
KPI indicators, risk assessments, etc.
Framework for Implementation
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Phase One Objectives a) Define Functional Areas in the Bank b) Define Key Risks to measure c) Define measurable Key Performance Indicators (“KPI”) for each area
(Internal And External) d) Define tolerances for each Key Performance Indicator e) Overall assessment of objectives for each functional area based on the
level of tolerance accepted for each KPI
Framework for Implementation
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Functional Areas Examples of areas to consider: • Lending • Financial • Regulatory Compliance • Retail/Branch Administration • Human Resources • Internal Audit • Marketing • Operations • Board/Corporate Governance
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Risk Categories • Financial Reporting • Operational • Credit • Information System • Reputation • Strategic and Governance • Legal and Compliance • Liquidity • Fraud • Market
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Building the ERM
Phase II
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Enterprise Risk Domains
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9 Steps to an ERM Program Build Information Gathering and Strategy
Gather Existing Information
Organization
Profit Centers
Programs and Assessments
Portfolio Composition
Workforce Profile
Infrastructure
Establish Current Performance
Objectives Growth Retention
Performance
Qualitative /Quantitative Metrics Use for KPI
Peer and Competition Groups
Customer Composition
Enterprise /Environment Factors
Concerns in Operations Risk
Management Material Concerns (Cost, Accuracy,
Efficiency)
Workforce Compliance
Financial Controls
Consider ORM initiatives
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Risk Assessment Buildout
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Risk Profile
Profit Center Focus
Risk Scenario Considerations
CAMELS Baseline Ratio Model
Workforce Model Int, Ext, Counterparty
Effects of Change Scenarios against Baseline
Risk Appetite
Performance Metrics Available
(UBPR, FID, Other)
Review Comparative Trends and Set Thresholds
Scenarios /PIR Factors Growth / Loss / Forecast
Confirm Risk Baseline with Management and set KRI
Define processes for support to ERM review and
adjustment
Risk Tracking & Reporting
Align Risk Scenarios to Objectives
Combine Risk Scenarios into Risk Weighted Profiles
Combine Risk Profiles into Risk Weighted Composites
Review and consider results and commentary
Prepare and organize management reporting
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Risk Mitigation and Adjustment Review and Conclusions
Establish review processes for each Profit Center
Prepare Management and Board Reporting
Apply decision making to identify risk mitigation
opportunities
Review and approve performance objectives and
program changes
Business Strategy Adjust
Identify appropriate metrics to monitor against
objectives
Identify operational programs to effect changes
Identify risk avoidance changes based on trends
and forecasts
Identify workforce, operations, financial
changes Incorporate changes into business plans and ERM
model
Expand and Refine ERM Program
Monitor and Review Program Effectiveness and
Performance
Adjust Program and Expand in concert with operations,
enterprise or business environment changes
Establish new KPI and KRI
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Operations Risk Contributors
Risk Profile Metrics Objectives Risk Profiles
Risk Composite
Credit
Operations
Accuracy Error Rates Policy/Customer
Efficiency Time to Close Competitiveness
Cost Effectiveness
Employee Expense / Revenue
Infrastructure Expense / Revenue
Enterprise
Environment
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Enterprise Risk Contributors
Metrics Objectives Risk Profiles
Risk Composite
Credit
Operations
Enterprise
Growth Bus. Plan / Velocity
Retention
Operations Quality
CAMELS
Safety & Soundness
Portfolio Quality
ILR
UBPR Ratios
Environment
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Environment Risk Contributors
Metrics Objectives Risk Profiles
Risk Composite
Credit
Operations Peer Group
Performance UBPR Ratio Analysis
Rate Changes Thresholds
Appraisal Valuations Change
Inventory Change
Fed / Local Rates Forecast
Infrastructure Expense / Revenue
Real Estate Market / Sales
New Construction
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Enterprise
Environment
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Building a Risk Profile Credit Management
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Operations Risk Profile
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Key Performance Indicators KPI Ratings
1 • Exceeded Positive Performance Threshold
2 • Advancing in Positive Direction
3 • No Change
4 • Advancing in Negative Direction
5 • Exceeded Negative Performance Threshold
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Enterprise Composite – By the Numbers Credit Risk Management
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3.18 3.13
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Enterprise – Regulatory Sanctions Restriction on Business
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Risk Assessment Probability / Impact / Readiness
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Risk Scenario Scorecards
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Scenario – Regulatory Sanction Risk Probability Factor Non Current ASSETS as Percent of Total 5 @ 60% Provisions Loan Receivables / Avg Assets 5 @ 15% Loans and Leases Allowances to Total Ln&LS 4 @ 25% Impact Factor 4.75 Community / Customer 3 @ 40% Reputation 4 @ 60% Controls / Readiness 3.6 Regulatory / Legal Management 2 @ 100%
Exposure / Risk 3.088 / 3.6
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Non Current ASSETS as Percent of Total Probability Factor
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Provisions Loan Receivables / Ave Assets Probability Factor
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Loan Loss Allowances / Total Loans Probability Factor
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Controls Risk Mitigation / Readiness Factor
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Credit Risk Loan Portfolio
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Building Risk Appetite Identity Peer Group Benchmarking / Savings > $1B
Similar Style and Region
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Enterprise Risk / Performance Ratios Baseline Key Ratios for using CAMELS Analysis
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• Tier 1 Leverage Capital / Average Total Assets
• Tier 1 Risk-based Capital / Risk Weighted Assets
• Total Risk-based Capital / Risk weighted Assets
• Retained Earnings / Average Total Equity
• Asset Growth Rate • Cash Dividend / Net Income
Capital
• Loans and Leases • Securities • Real Estate • Contingent Liabilities • Special Mention • Adversely Classified Items
Coverage Ratio • Total Adversely Classified Assets /
Total Assets • Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
and Leases / Gross Loan and Leases
• ALLL/ Total Loans and Leases
Asset Quality
• Net non-core Funding Dependence
• Net Loans and Leases / Assets
Liquidity
• Net Income (After Tax) / Average Assets
• Net Interest Income (TE) / Average Earning Assets
• Total noninterest Expense / Average Assets
Earnings
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Average Assets per Employee Institution versus Selected Peer Group
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Total Equity Capital Institution versus Selected Peer Group
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Net Income Institution versus Selected Peer Group
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Financial Impact Data
Key Performance
Data
KPA
SRS
Assessments
ERM
ORM
Program Controls
Reporting
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Putting It Together / Risk Analysis Key Performance Indicators, Risk Thresholds and Metrics Management
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Phase III - Monitoring • Ongoing Monitoring – Update ERM Data to
Provide Direction of Risk - Dynamic • Separate Evaluations – Provide Drilled Down
Reporting at Functional Area Level • Reporting Deficiencies – Negative Trends are
Identified to Help Develop Strategy to Achieve Established Objectives
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Phase III
Source - COSO - Enterprise Risk Management Framework
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Phase III Benefits of identifying Direction of Risk Modify Strategies • Transfer the risk to another party • Avoid the risk • Reduce the negative effect of the risk • Accept some or all of the consequences of a particular risk Continuous evaluation of processes to identify efficiencies throughout product lines
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Information Flows Within Enterprise Risk Management
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A Practical Approach to Enterprise Risk Management
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Questions/Comments?
Amit Govil 732-651-1700
[email protected] P&G Associates
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John McIsaac (610) 291-5065
[email protected] McIsaac Risk Solutions LLC
www.mcisaacrisksolutions.com