a parts 1 and 2 b parts 1 and 4 c parts 2 and 3 d parts 3 and 4
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In gerbils, brown fur is dominant to black fur. Which Punnett square shows a cross between one brown-furred gerbil and one black-furred gerbil that could produce offspring with black fur?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
What contains the chemically coded heredity information for reproduction?
In gerbils, brown fur is dominant to black fur. Which Punnett
square shows a cross between one brown-furred gerbil and one
black-furred gerbil that could produce offspring with black
fur?
Which parts of this Punnett square would contain the genotype
that results in the expression of only the recessive
phenotype?
A parts 1 and 2B parts 1 and 4C parts 2 and 3D parts 3 and
4
In a certain squirrel population, a black fur gene is dominant to a gray fur gene. Which genotypes show a cross between a homozygous black-furred squirrel and a homozygous gray-furred squirrel?
A GG x ggB Gg x GgC GG x GGD Gg x gg
Which genotype represents a heterozygous dandelion plant?
A DdB DDC ddD D or d
In gray squirrels, the gene for white fur color (a) is recessive,
and gray fur color (A) is dominant. Which Punnett square accurately
represents the probabilities of offspring resulting from a cross
between two homozygous squirrels?
Hemophilia is a recessive disorder (Xh) that is sex-linked and
occurs on the X gene. Which offspring will likely develop
hemophilia?
A offspring 2B offspring 4C offspring 1 and 2D offspring 3 and
4
In a breed of dogs, brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes
(b), and straight fur (F) is dominant to curly fur (f). If a male
and a female that both have the genotype BbFf have an offspring,
what is the probability that the offspring will have blue
eyes?
A 1/16B 4/16C 8/16D 9/16
CONTENT STANDARDObjective 8. Identify the structure and function
of DNA, RNA, and protein.ELIGIBLE CONTENTa. Recognize that amino
acids make up protein.b. Recognize that proteins can function as
enzymes.c. Compare the functions of DNA and RNA in the production
of protein.d. Identify patterns of base pairing of DNA and RNA.e.
Recognize DNA as making up genes and chromosomes.
DNA
Molecule that carries the hereditary information in the nucleus of
cells. It determines the structure, function and behavior of the
cell.It carries information for the making of proteins.It controls
cellular activity.
What makes up the sides of the DNA ladder?
Phosphate GroupsSugar Units
What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
Nitrogenous Bases
Name the four nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecule.
AdenineGuanine Cytosine Thymine
Nucleotide
Subunits of the DNA molecule composed of a phosphate group, sugar
unit (making up the sides), and a nitrogenous base (making the
rungs).
How do the nitrogenous bases in the DNA pair?
In DNA, adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs
with guanine.
Sequence of Nitrogenous Bases
The information or message of DNA molecule depends on what
characteristic?
What nitrogenous base replaces thymine in the RNA
molecule?
Uracil
Protein
When many amino acids bond together to create long chains, the
structure is called a _________.
There are 20 possible _____ _____ that make-up proteins.
amino acids
Proteins
While there are hundreds of thousands of different proteins that
exist in nature, they are all made up of different ____________of
amino acids.
combinations
Proteins of Your Body
A protein called keratin forms your hair and fingernails and is the
major compound found in feathers, wool, claws, scales, horns, and
hooves.
Muscle proteins called actin and myosin enable all muscular
movement from blinking to breathing to roller-blading.
Antibodies are proteins that defend your body against foreign
invaders such as bacteria and viruses.
Enzymes in your saliva, stomach, and small intestines are proteins
that help you digest foods.
The hemoglobin protein carries oxygen in your blood to all parts of
your body.
Which statement describes a function of proteins in living organisms?
A They serve as enzymatic catalysts.B They transmit genetic
information.C They are an energy storage molecule.D They serve as
building blocks for RNA.
Which function is characteristic of RNA, but NOT of DNA?
A transports proteinsB replicates itselfC transports amino
acidsD carries genetic information
A strand of DNA that contains the bases TACGAT replicates. Which base sequence is in the new strand produced during replication?
A ATGCTAB AUGCUAC TACGATD CGTGGC
As a result of base pairing in DNA, there is the same number of which two bases?
A guanine and thymineB adenine and cytosineC adenine and
guanineD guanine and cytosine
Study the nucleotide sequence below. Consider the nucleotide sequence above. Which nucleotide sequence below represents the corresponding portion of an RNA strand?
A C T G C G T AB G A C A G C UC T G C G T C UD U G C G U C
A
Which sequence represents a DNA strand that would complement the following mRNA strand? CUA UGC AUG CCA
A GAU ACG UAC GGUB CUA UGC AUG CCAC GAT ACG TAC GGTD CTA TGC ATG
CCA
Which student correctly identified possible percentages of
nucleotide bases that could be present in a complete sample of
DNA?
A student 1B student 2C student 3D student 4
What preserves the genetic code from one generation to the next?
A DNA replicationB RNA translationC protein synthesisD enzyme
activation
Objective 10. Distinguish between monocots and dicots,
angiosperms and gymnosperms, and vascular andnonvascular
plants.ELIGIBLE CONTENTa. Demonstrate knowledge of structures and
reproduction, identify the differences in venation patterns, and
demonstrate knowledge about the significance of the number of
cotyledons.b. Distinguish between monocots and dicots.c.
Distinguish between angiosperms and gymnosperms.d. Distinguish
between vascular and nonvascular plants.
Plants with roots, stems, and leaves
Vascular Plants
Nonvascular Plant
Plants without roots, stems, leaves, or a system to conduct water
and therefore grow close to the ground.
Flowering plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in a
fruit.
Gymnosperms
Plants that have needle shaped leaves and naked seeds found in
cones.
What seed structure has two parts cotyledons that supply the
food for the young plant when it's growing? Example: bean
seed
Dicot
What type seed structure has only one cotyledon to transfer
nutrients to the developing embryo? Example: Corn seed
Monocot
In __________, the veins of a leaf run parallel to one another.
In __________, the veins of a leaf run in a branching
network.
monocots
dicots
Which student has correctly classified each plant?
A student 1B student 2C student 3D student 4
Which process is prevented from occurring when the stamens are removed from an angiosperm?
A self-pollinationB cross-pollinationC sexual reproductionD
asexual reproduction
A plant with the leaf-venation pattern shown would be classified a
A dicot, with two cotyledons.B dicot, with one cotyledon.C
monocot, with two cotyledons.D monocot, with one
cotyledon.
A class observes an unknown plant and discovers that the plants seeds have only one cotyledon. When the class examines the leaves and stem, what will they MOST LIKELY find?
A parallel veins and a ring of vascular bundlesB parallel veins
and scattered vascular bundlesC a netted arrangement of veins and a
ring of vascular bundlesD a netted arrangement of veins and
scattered vascular bundles
Why are nonvascular plants typically smaller and shorter than vascular plants?
A Nonvascular plants use mitosis to produce cells.B Nonvascular
plants use photosynthesis to obtain energy.C Nonvascular plants
lack tubes to transport materials.D Nonvascular plants lack deep
fibrous roots to obtain water.
Study the table below. Which plant is an angiosperm?
A plant 1B plant 2C plant 3D plant 4
Study the table below. Which statement is correct?
A Plants 1 and 2 are gymnosperms.B Plants 1 and 2 are nonvascular
plants.C Plant 1 is a monocot, and plant 2 is a dicot.D Plant 1
produces seeds, and plant 2 produces cones.
Objective 11. Classify animals according to type of skeletal
structure, method of fertilization and reproduction, body symmetry,
body coverings, and locomotion.ELIGIBLE CONTENTa. Compare
invertebrates and vertebrates.b. Compare endoskeletons and
exoskeletons.c. Compare internal and external fertilization.d.
Compare sexual and asexual reproduction.e. Compare bilateral and
radial symmetry.f. Classify animals according to type of skeletal
structure.g. Classify animals according to method of fertilization
and reproduction.h. Classify animals according to type of body
symmetry.i. Classify animals according to type of body coverings.j.
Classify animals according to type of locomotion.k. Classify
animals according to multiple physical characteristics.
Subphylum of animals with backbones
Vertebrates
Snakes, Frogs, Fish
Which of the following are examples of cold blooded vertebrates: 1)
snakes 2) frogs 3) fish 4) birds 5) humans
Insect
Of the following, the animal with an exoskeleton is a: frog 2)
snake 3) insect 4) bird 5) fish 6) human
Fish
The only vertebrate that does not use lungs for breathing as an
adult is the: 1) bird 2) frog 3) fish 4) mammal
Birds and Humans
Which of the following animals have four chambered hearts? 1)
snakes 2) frogs 3) fish 4) birds 5) humans
List three characteristics of mammals
1) Have young that are born alive 2) Nurse their young 3) Have fur
or hair
Which of these vertebrates use egg laying as their primary way
of reproduction? 1) Fish 2) Mammals 3) Birds 4) Frogs 5)
Reptiles
FishBirdsFrogsReptiles
Invertebrates
Subphylum of animals that do not have a backbone
Which of these invertebrates have soft-bodies, shells and
muscular tube feet are: 1) echinoderms 2) mollusk 3) annelids 4)
coelenterates
Arthropods (Ex. Insects)
The invertebrates with segmented bodies, specialized mouth parts
and antennas are: 1) annelids 2) coelenterates 3) arthropods 4)
echinoderms
Echinoderms (Ex. Starfish)
. The invertebrates with radial symmetry: 1) annelids 2)
coelenterates 3) arthropods 4) echinoderms
Which characteristics are used to determine the classification of a sea star?
A radial symmetry and an exoskeletonB radial symmetry and an
endoskeletonC bilateral symmetry and an exoskeletonD bilateral
radial symmetry and an endoskeleton
A new organism is discovered. After carefulobservation, scientists conclude that it is amammal. Which two characteristics would theorganism possess to lead the scientists to thisconclusion?
A endoskeleton and scalesB exoskeleton and asymmetryC fur or
hair and warm-bloodedD have live young and radial
symmetry
Which group of animals contains members that move using cilia and flagella?
A birdsB protistsC mammalsD amphibians
A student 1B student 2C student 3 D student 4
Four students each examine different animals and report their
information in the table below. Which student correctly identified
two characteristics of an amphibian?
Which characteristic is used to place the shark and the moray eel into two different taxonomic classes?
A gas exchange through gillsB tail extending from the nerve
cordC composition of skeletonD habitat in water
Study the table below. Which organism is MOST LIKELY a
clam?
A organism 1B organism 2C organism 3D organism 4
Four students record data in a chart comparing mammals and
reptiles. Which student has correctly classified the two classes of
animals?
A student 1B student 2C student 3D student 4
Which animals body shape shows bilateral symmetry?
The whip-like structure on this organism is MOST LIKELY
A excreted waste products.B an organelle for absorbing food.C
used for locomotion.D an adaptation for defense.
Objective 12 - Describe protective adaptations of animals,
including mimicry, camouflage, beak type, migration, and
hibernation.ELIGIBLE CONTENT a. Recognize and apply the definition
of mimicry. (The resemblance of one organism to another or to an
object in its surroundings for concealment and protection from
predators.) b. Recognize and apply the definition of camouflage.
(The method or result of concealing by disguise or protective
coloration such that the organism appears to be part of the natural
surroundings.) c. Distinguish between different beak types, and
identify what each type is used for. d. Recognize and apply the
definition of migration. (The process of changing location
periodically, especially by moving seasonally from one region to
another.) e. Recognize and apply the definition of hibernation.
(The process of passing winter in an inactive or dormant
state.)
Mimicry
When animals look like other dangerous animals. They pretend to be
what they are not.
Camouflage
The method or result of concealing by disguise
Warning Coloration
The conspicuously recognizable markings of an animal, such as a
skunk, that serve to warn off potential predators.
Protective Coloration
When animals blend in with their surroundings. An insect that looks
like a branch or leaf is using a costume to hide from predators. If
it actually looks like the object on which it stays, then it is
using disguise to fool its predators or prey.
Explain how each of the beak types seen below might be
used.
A. Crushing Seed B. Tearing Meat C. Straining and sifting food from
water D. Getting nectar from flowers
Hibernation
The process of passing winter in an inactive or dormant
state
Migration
The process of changing location periodically, especially by moving
seasonally from one region to another
Which example BEST describes mimicry?
A moving to a new location to obtain foodB appearing to look
like a different animalC catching prey with sharp teethD keeping
warm with thick fur
Animals hibernate for many reasons. What is one reason animals would NOT hibernate?
A to conserve energyB to avoid harsh climate conditionsC to
locate preyD to survive when food is hard to find
Which statement describes how some animals may adapt to an environmental change?
A Urbanization causes some birds to mimic other birds.B
Deforestation causes some birds to change their beak shape.C
Natural disasters cause some mammals to hibernate.D Seasons cause
some mammals to change fur coloration.
The hoverfly and the wasp have similar coloration and physical
characteristics. However, only the wasp can defend itself by
stinging potential predators. Which typeof protective adaptation is
demonstrated by the hoverfly?A stingerB mimicryC camouflageD
countershading
5 Which statement describes an organisms behavioral adaptation?
A A chameleon changes its body coloring to blend into its
environment.B An elk has a four-chambered stomach to help digest
the foods it eats.C A shark has a light-colored belly and a darker
top side to camouflage it in its habitat.D A trumpeter swan has a
sharp beak so it can dig for roots underwater.
For which activity is this birds beak best adapted?
A tearing fleshB spearing fish C sipping nectarD chiseling
wood
A walking stick is an insect that resembles a stick or branch of a plant. What is the BEST description of this protective adaptation?
A The walking stick is attracting a mate.B The walking stick is
searching for food.C The walking stick is preparing for
hibernation.D The walking stick is camouflaging itself from
predators.
Some species of lizards change their body colors to resemble
their environment, inflate their bodies or throats, or secrete
substances to mark territories. Which of these protective
strategies is NOT an adaptation of the lizard?A migrationB
camouflageC physical changeD chemical defense
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The diet of a species of bird consists mainly of small rodents.
Which type of beak would this species of bird MOST LIKELY
have?
Objective 13. Trace the flow of energy as it decreases through the trophic levels from producers to the quaternary level in food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids.
ELIGIBLE CONTENT Trace the flow of energy through food chains,
food webs, and energy pyramids.
What group of organisms make their own food?
Producers
What group of organisms that cannot make their own food?
Consumers
Decomposers
Organisms that break down decaying matter Ex. Maggots/
mushrooms
What diagram is used to show all the feeding relationships
between organisms in an ecosystem?
Food Web
The organism in a food chain that feed directly on green
plants.
Primary Consumer
An organism with sharp, tearing teeth that preys on primary
consumers of the food chain.
Secondary Consumer
In the food chain Corn Rat Snake Owl ,What organism gets the least amount of energy from what it eats?
Owl
The organism in a food chain that has the greatest amount of
energy.
Producer
A triangular wedge that represents an ecosystems loss of energy
which results as energy passes through the ecosystems food
chain.
Energy Pyramid
What is the diagram seen below?
Food Web
1 If the producers in a community provide 10,000 kcal of energy,
approximately how much of the Suns original energy is available for
the secondary consumers?A 10 kcal B 100 kcalC 1000 kcalD 10,000
kcal
2 Producers have greater amounts of energy available to them
than primary consumers. Which statement about producers is NOT
correct?
A Energy is released by producers as heat. B Energy is created by
producers.C Energy is used for metabolism.D Energy is used for
active transport.
Which statement correctly compares the available energy between
trophic levels in this food chain?A Energy is highest in algae and
lowest in great black-backed gulls.B Energy is highest in great
black-backed gulls and lowest in algae.C Energy is highest in
crustaceans and puffins and lowest in algae and great black-backed
gulls.D Energy is highest in algae and great black-backed gulls and
lowest in crustaceans and puffins.
Study the food chain.
Which organism receives the MOST energy from corn?
A foxB owlC snake D chipmunk
Which statement BEST explains why the snowy owl and the arctic
fox can occupy the same trophic level in a tundra food web?
A They have light coloring.
B They hunt at the same time of year.
C They eat primary consumers.
D They take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
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Which series correctly models the flow of energy in an aquatic
food chain?
A plankton sand eel striped bass codB sand eel cod plankton striped
bassC striped bass plankton cod sand eelD cod striped bass sand eel
plankton
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Study the food chain below.
Which organisms receive the smallest amount of energy from the
level directly before them in this food chain?
A primary consumersB secondary consumersC tertiary consumersD
decomposers
Objective 14- Trace biogeochemical cycles through the
environment, including water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.ELIGIBLE
CONTENTa. Demonstrate an understanding of the water cycle.b.
Describe all events of the water cycle.c. Demonstrate an
understanding of the carbon cycle.d. Describe all events of the
carbon cycle.e. Demonstrate an understanding of the oxygen cycle.f.
Describe all events of the oxygen cycle.g. Demonstrate an
understanding of the nitrogen cycle.h. Describe all events of the
nitrogen cycle.
Which process is MOST directly dependent on temperature reduction, small particles, and gravity to produce its product?
A evaporationB transpirationC precipitationD
condensation
Which statement describes the changes that result from increased burning of fossil fuels?
A Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and carbon stored in fossil
fuels both increase.B Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and carbon
stored in fossil fuels both decrease.C Carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere decreases, and carbon stored in fossil fuels increases.D
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, and carbon stored in
fossil fuels decreases.
When green plants produce oxygen, from which molecule does the
oxygen come?A ATPB waterC glucoseD carbon dioxide
4 Which statement describes how oxygen can enter the atmosphere?
A Oxygen is released from water through respiration by
heterotrophs.B Oxygen is released from water through photosynthesis
by autotrophs.C Oxygen is released from glucose through respiration
by autotrophs.D Oxygen is released from glucose through
photosynthesis by heterotrophs.
What is missing from the nitrogen cycle shown?
A airB rocksC virusesD bacteria
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When coal is burned, sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas combines with
water vapor to produce acid rain. Which model traces the path of
the water vapor?
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Which sequence is part of the carbon cycle?
A transpiration evaporation condensation precipitation B
respiration photosynthesis organic decay coal formation C
combustion evaporation respiration condensation D decomposition
infiltration plant uptake consumption
Which element moves through ALL parts of this cycle?
A carbon B nitrogenC oxygenD phosphorous
Which numbers in the diagram represent the movement of water vapor?
A 1 and 2B 1 and 3C 2 and 4D 3 and 4
Which nitrogen compound is considered to be a pollutant released
in jet exhaust?
A nitrogen gas (N2 ) B nitrate (NO3) C ammonia (NH4 +) D nitrogen
oxide (NO2- )
A infiltrationB condensationC freshwater storageD groundwater
discharge
Study the water cycle below.
Study the carbon cycle diagram below
Which arrow represents the release of carbon dioxide through
combustion?A arrow 1B arrow 2C arrow 3D arrow 4
Study the table below. Which student correctly identifies
processes in the oxygen cycle?
A student 1B student 2C student 3D student 4
CONTENT STANDARD15. Identify biomes based on environmental factors and native organisms.
ELIGIBLE CONTENTa. Identify terrestrial biomes including the
tundra, desert, rainforest, grassland, taiga (coniferous forest),
and the temperate deciduous forest.b. Identify the aquatic biomes
including freshwater and marine.c. Identify terrestrial and aquatic
biomes based on the rainfall and temperature
characteristics.
Deserts
What biome is described below?The driest of all the biomes. The
temperature can change drastically from day to night because the
air is so dry that heat escapes rapidly at night. Plants that live
there need to have adaptations to compensate for the lack of water.
Some plants store water in their stems and use it very slowly,
Bushes conserve water by growing few leaves or by having large root
systems to gather water or few leaves. Some plant species have a
short life cycle of a few weeks that lasts only during periods of
rain.
Grasslands
They are often located between temperate forests at high
latitudes and deserts at subtropical latitudes. Receive about 500
to 900 mm of rain per year compared to deserts, which receive less
than 300 mm and tropical forests, which receive more than 2,000 mm.
Temperatures are often extreme.Generally open and continuous,
fairly flat areas of grass.The grasses die back to their roots
annually and the soil and the sod protect the roots and the new
buds from the cold of winter or dry conditions. A few trees may be
found in this biome along the streams, but not many due to the lack
of rainfall.
Tropical Rainforest
Hot, moist biome where it rains all year long. Contains the most
abundant plant and animal life of any biome.It is known for its
dense canopies of vegetation that form three different layers. The
top layer or canopy contains giant trees. This layer of vegetation
prevents much of the sunlight from reaching the ground. The middle
layeris made up of vines, smaller trees, ferns, and palms. The
bottom layer or floor of the rainforest is covered with wet leaves
and leaf litter. This material decomposes rapidly in the wet, warm
conditions (like a compost pile) sending nutrients back into the
soil.Hot, moist atmosphere and all the dead plant material create
the perfect conditions in which bacteria and other microorganisms
can thrive.
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Located in the mid-latitude areas which means that they are found
between the polar regions and the tropics. Exposed to warm and cold
air masses, which cause this area to have four seasons. The
temperature varies widely from season to season with cold winters
and hot, wet summers. Precipitation spread fairly evenly throughout
the year. During the fall, trees change color and then lose their
leaves. This is in preparation for the winter season. Because it
gets so cold, the trees have adapted to the winter by going into a
period of dormancy or sleep. They also have thick bark to protect
them from the cold weather. Trees flower and grow during the spring
and summer growing season.The biome of Alabama
Tundra
Coldest of the biomes. Receives low amounts of precipitation,
making it similar to a desert. Much of Alaska and about half of
Canada. Also found at the tops of very high mountains elsewhere in
the world.Temperatures are frequently extremely cold, but can get
warm in the summers. Winters are long, dark, and cold, with mean
temperatures below 0C for six to 10 months of the year. The
temperatures are so cold that there is a layer of permanently
frozen ground below the surface, called permafrost. In summers, the
top layer of soil thaws only a few inches down, providing a growing
surface for the roots of vegetation.Vegetation has adapted to the
cold and the short growing season. Mosses, sedges, and lichens are
common, while few trees grow. The trees that do manage to grow stay
close to the ground so they are insulated by snow during the cold
winters.
Marine
Biome that is the largest of all the biomes. It covers three
fourths of the earth. Climate doesn't really effect it much. It is
warmer as you get closer to the equator and it is colder as you get
closer to the poles.
Taiga
Temperatures are very low. Precipitation is primarily in the form
of snow, 40-100 cm annually. Soil is thin, nutrient-poor, and
acidic. Canopy permits low light penetration, and as a result,
understory is limited. Flora consist mostly of cold-tolerant
evergreen conifers with needle-like leaves, such as pine, fir, and
spruce. Fauna include woodpeckers, hawks, moose, bear, weasel,
lynx, fox, wolf, deer, hares, chipmunks, shrews, and
bats.
Which of the following biomes has the lowest annual
precipitation rate?
A taiga B tundra C deciduous forest D temperate
grassland
Which biome has mostly shallow-rooted, low-growing plants that can reproduce by budding and division rather than by flowering?
A taigaB tundraC grasslandD rainforest
Which two biomes have the MOST stable average daily temperature
over a long period of time?
A tundra and taigaB rainforest and desertC marine and freshwaterD
grassland and deciduous forest
Which statement describes grassland soils?
A They have a low level of nutrients and a dry, thin layer of
topsoil.B They have a low level of nutrients and an acidic, thick
layer of topsoil.C They have a moderate level of nutrients and a
moist, thin layer of topsoil.D They have a high level of nutrients
and a dark, thick layer of topsoil.
Students obtained local monthly average precipitation and
temperature data from the National Weather Service. Based on these
data, in which biome do these students live?
A taigaB desertC grasslandD rainforest
Which student correctly compared the Antarctic desert and Arctic
tundra biome characteristics?
A student 1B student 2C student 3D student 4
Which plant and animal types are characteristic of the taiga
biome?
A plant type 1 and animal type 2B plant type 2 and animal type 3C
plant type 3 and animal type 4D plant type 4 and animal type
1
Which aquatic environment contains organisms that thrive in water with varying salt concentrations?
A riverB estuaryC deep oceanD glacial lake
Study the table below. Which biome is represented by these
data?
A desertB tundraC rainforestD grassland
Which biome is described by the characteristics included in the list?
A taigaB desertC tundraD grassland
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Study the list below.
Which biome do these factors BEST describe?A semi-arid desertB
deciduous forestC tropical rainforestD temperate
grassland
CONTENT STANDARDObjective 16 Identify density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors that affect populations in an ecosystem.
ELIGIBLE CONTENTa. Identify the limiting factors that affect
populations in an ecosystem as either density-dependent or
density-independent including natural disasters, space, food,
water, air, abiotic and biotic factors, human activity, disease,
and succession.
Biotic
The living factors within an ecosystem.Food
availabilityDiseaseCompetitionPredationParasitism
Abiotic
The non-living factors within an ecosystem that effect living
things.LightTemperatureWater SupplyOxygen SupplyMineralspH of the
soil
Examples would include predation, parasitism, disease,
competition for space or food. Please notice that these are all
biotic factors (living factors).
Density Dependent Factors
Density Independent Factors
Factors will kill organisms whether they are crowded or not.
Examples would include floods, storms, earthquakes, fire, etc. In
general, factors that are abiotic (nonliving).
Which situation is caused by a density-independent limiting
factor?
A The influenza outbreak of 19181919 killed over 20 million
people.B The cones of the jack pine need heat from a fire to help
release seeds.C A parasite alters reproduction in a woodpecker
population causing fewer births.D A queen bee regulates the number
of eggs she lays according to the amount of food
available.
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Which limiting factor is density-independentfor rainbow
trout?
A size of the streamB spread of parasitesC competition for foodD
supply of dissolved oxygen
Which statement BEST describes the relationship between natural
disasters or human-caused disasters and population size?
A Natural and human-caused disasters are density-dependent factors.
B Natural and human-caused disasters are density-independent
factors. C Human-caused disasters are density-independent whereas
natural disasters are density-dependent. D Human-caused disasters
are density-dependent whereas natural disasters are
density-independent.
Which relationship BEST identifies a density-dependent limiting factor?
A A bobcat population declines due to disease.B A fish
population declines due to a severe drought.C A bird population
declines due to pollution.D A wolf population declines due to a
cold winter.
The front page of a newspaper in November 2006 had these
headlines.
The newspaper also featured a graph showing the population of the
poison dart frog.
According to the information in the newspaper, which limiting
factor MOST LIKELY accounts for the change in the frogs
population?
A diseaseB predationC natural disasterD human activity
Study the table below. Gypsy moth caterpillars can destroy trees by eating too many leaves and making them susceptible to disease or drought. Which student has correctly identified the density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors associated with an invasion of gypsy moth caterpillars?
A student 1B student 2C student 3D student 4
Which type of management would provide the BEST short-term control of giant salvinia?
A Add more fish to lakes containing giant salvinia.B Educate
people about how fast giant salvinia reproduce.C Introduce new
plant species into areas where giant salvinia is spreading.D Clean
propellers before moving boats from a lake containing giant
salvinia.
Study the table below. Which student identified only density-independent limiting factors?
A student 1B student 2C student 3D student 4
Which statement BEST explains why a disease may affect one
population more than another population?A Because disease is a
density-dependent limiting factor, a larger population makes it
easier for the virus to spread from person to person.B Because
disease is a density-independent limiting factor, a larger
population makes it easier for the virus to spread from person to
person.C Because disease is a density-dependent limiting factor,
climate can influence the disease, making it more or less
affective.D Because disease is a density-independent limiting
factor, climate can influence the disease, making it more or less
affective.
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