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A new species of the feather mite genus Cotingodectesand a new genus of Pterodectinae (Astigmata:Proctophyllodidae)Michel P. Valim a & Fábio A. Hernandes ba Laboratório de Ixodides , Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz; Av.Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazilb Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal –Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth , SãoJosé do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilPublished online: 05 Aug 2009.

To cite this article: Michel P. Valim & Fábio A. Hernandes (2009) A new species of the feather mite genus Cotingodectesand a new genus of Pterodectinae (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae), International Journal of Acarology, 35:3, 265-272, DOI:10.1080/01647950903071143

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International Journal of AcarologyVol. 35, No. 3, June 2009, 265–272

ISSN 0164-7954 print/ISSN 1945-3892 online© 2009 Taylor & Francis; printed 17 August 2009DOI: 10.1080/01647950903071143http://www.informaworld.com

TACA A NEW SPECIES OF THE FEATHER MITE GENUS COTINGODECTES AND A NEW GENUS OF PTERODECTINAE (ASTIGMATA: PROCTOPHYLLODIDAE)

Internat. J. Acarol. Michel P. Valim1 and Fábio A. Hernandes2

1. Laboratório de Ixodides, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz; Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (e-mail: mpvalim@hotmail.com); 2. Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica,

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal – Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil (e-mail: abakashi@gmail.com).

ABSTRACT – In this paper a second species of the feather mite genus Cotingodectes Valim andHernandes, C. breviphallus n. sp., is described from Rupicola rupicola (Passeriformes, Cotingidae) in Brazil.A new genus, Berladectes, is erected to accommodate Dolichodectes neotropicus Hernandes and Valim.Key words – Astigmata, Proctophyllodidae, Cotingodectes, feather mite, systematics.

INTRODUCTION

In order to morphologically differentiate the spe-cies included within the genus Pterodectes Robin,1877, new genera have recently been established(Mironov et al., 2008a; Valim and Hernandes, 2008),and yet some species of pterodectines are still inade-quately allocated within known genera (e.g. Atyeoand Gaud, 1977; Hernandes and Valim, 2006).

The genus Cotingodectes Valim and Hernandes,2008 (Proctophyllodidae, Pterodectinae) was recentlyerected (Valim and Hernandes, 2008) to accommodatePterodectes interifolia Trouessart, 1899, an odd speciesof Pterodectinae described by Trouessart (1899) fromthe Andean Cock-of-the-Rock, Rupicola peruviana(Latham, 1790) (Passeriformes, Cotingidae).

Another species that deserves a more accurateplacement is Dolichodectes neotropicus Hernandes andValim, 2006, described from the Lesser Elaenia, Elaeniachiriquensis Lawrence, 1865 (Passeriformes, Tyranni-dae), which is morphologically distinct from all otherknown species of the genus Dolichodectes Park andAtyeo, 1971 (Hernandes and Valim, 2006). However, itis now clear that this species should be placed in a separ-ate new genus, because the position of genital papillae inrelation to the genital arch, one of the main generic char-acteristics in the subfamily Pterodectinae (Park andAtyeo, 1971), clearly points out to its close relationshipsto the genus Pterodectes rather than to Dolichodectes.

This paper aims to describe a second species ofthe genus Cotingodectes from the Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock, Rupicola rupicola (Linnaeus, 1766), and tocreate a new genus to accommodate Dolichodectesneotropicus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The mite specimens used in the description of thenew species were collected from a single bird skindeposited at the Museum of Zoology, São Paulo Uni-versity (MZUSP) following the method described byGaud and Atyeo (1996). The wing feathers were agi-tated and ruffled (with aid of fingers and a brush) sothat mites and debris accumulated over a white sheetof paper, previously placed underneath the bird skin.Mites were then collected under a stereo microscope,cleared in Vitzthum’s solution and mounted inHoyer’s medium. Coverslips were sealed with varnish.

The descriptions of new taxa follow the recentformat used for pterodectine mites (Hernandes andValim, 2006; Valim and Hernandes, 2006, 2008;Mironov, 2006, 2008; Mironov et al., 2008a, 2008b).The idiosomal and leg chaetotaxy follow Griffithset al. (1990) and Atyeo and Gaud (1966), respectively;and host names are according to Dickinson (2003). Allmeasurements are in micrometers (μm); distancebetween setae is measured as a direct distance betweentheir bases; distances between setae belonging to

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different pairs were measured on one side of the body.Measurements follow the descriptive method pre-sented by Valim and Hernandes (2008), which are: (1)idiosomal length, measured from the anterior marginof prodorsal shield to the lobar apices in males, andexcluding the terminal appendages in females; (2) idio-somal width, measured at the level of setae cp; (3) pro-dorsal shield dimensions, length measured along themidline and width at the posterior margin; (4) hyster-onotal shield length (in males), measured from theanterior margin to lobar apices, and anterior hyster-onotal shield length (in females), measured from theanterior to posterior margin (lobar shields excluded);(5) hysteronotal shield width (in both sexes), measuredat the level of setae cp; (6) lobar shield dimensions (infemales), length measured from the anterior margin tothe apices of lobes excluding appendages and widthmeasured at the level of setae h2; (7) distance betweenprodorsal and hysteronotal shields, measured alongthe midline; (8) distance between male anal suckers,measured between their centers; (9) length of terminalcleft (in both sexes), measured from its anterior end tothe level of lobar apices; (10) dimensions of setae,length taken from bases to visible ends, and width ofsetae c3 (in both sexes) and h2 (in females) at theirgreatest dimensions; and (11) length of tarsi IV (inmales), measured excluding the pretarsus.

Specimens treated herein are deposited in the fol-lowing institutions: Museu de Zoologia da Universi-dade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZSP);Collection of Acari of Departamento de Zoologia eBotânica da Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Josédo Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (DZSJRP); Acarolog-ical Collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (CAIOC); andMuseum of Zoology, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA (UMMZ).

Family PROCTOPHYLLODIDAE Trouessart and Mégnin, 1884

Subfamily Pterodectinae Park and Atyeo, 1971Genus Cotingodectes Valim and Hernandes, 2008

Type species: Pterodectes interifolia Trouessart, 1899

Cotingodectes breviphallus Valim and Hernandes, n. sp.

Type host – Rupicola rupicola (Linnaeus, 1766) –Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock (Cotingidae).

Type material – Male holotype, 5 male and 3female paratypes, ex. Rupicola rupicola (skin MZUSP79,107; coll. Silveira, L.F., 16 May 2007), Serra doTepequém, Vila do Cabo Sobral, Amajari (03°45′ N,61°43′ W), Roraima, Brazil, 20 August 2008, coll.M.P. Valim. Holotype and a pair of paratypes at

MZUSP, remaining paratypes were deposited in setscomprising two male and one female paratypes atDZSJRP and CAIOC.

Description – MALE Holotype (Figs. 1–4)(n = 6) – The range for the five paratypes isindicated in parentheses. Length of idiosoma 419(402–429), width 159 (152–161). Prodorsal shield: 115(107–120) in length, 109 (104–115) in width, anterola-teral extension acute, lateral margins with large inci-sions around bases of setae se (these setae offprodorsal shield), posterior margin with two shallowconcavities, surface without lacunae or pale-sclero-tized areas. Setae ve absent. Scapular setae si and searranged in transverse line. External scapular setae se95 (87–112) in length, their bases separated by 63 (61–69); bases of si separated by 44 (40–46). Humeralshields present, fused to bases of epimerites III. Setaec2 set on anterior end of humeral shields, setae cp seton striated tegument. Setae c3 lanceolate, 31 (27–33)in length and 9 (8–10) in width. Distance betweenprodorsal and hysteronotal shields 24 (16–27). Hys-teronotal shield: 288 (280–299) in length, 86 (85–92)in width, anterior margin slightly concave; surfacewith circular lacunae sparsely arrayed in anterior halfof shield. Metapodosomal shields present at level ofsetae d2, small and ovate in form, opisthosomal lobesdissected into inner and outer lobules with acute api-ces, outer lobules longer than inner ones. Total lengthof terminal cleft (from anterior end to apices of outerlobules) 67 (67–75), greatest width (at level of setaeps1) 46 (42–54). Anterior part of terminal cleft nar-row, parallel-sided, length (from anterior end to api-ces of inner lobules) 37 (36–43), width 4 (3–6) (Figs. 1–2). Supranal concavity narrowly ovate, open posteri-orly to terminal cleft. Setae h3 lanceolate, 69 (67–78) inlength, 17 (15–19) in width. Setae ps1 situated slightlyanterior to level of setae h2. Length of other opisthoso-mal setae: ps1 26 (19–30), h2 160 (150–186), ps2 58 (47–64), f2 17 (17–23), ps3 22 (12–24). Distance betweendorsal setae: si–c1 69 (55–69), c1–c2 46 (30–48), c1–d145 (40–46), d1–d2 34 (28–35), d1–e1 97 (86–96), d2–e156 (55–70), e1–e2 29 (27–39), e1–h1 52 (32–57), e2–h129 (30–36), h1–f2 43 (33–48), h3–h3 30 (26–37), h2–h267 (62–75).

Epimerites I fused as a Y (Fig. 2), posterior tip ofsternum connected with medial part of epimerites II bytransverse sclerotized bands; epimerites IIIa withoblique T-shaped anterior ends, medial parts of theseepimerites connected by transverse sclerotized band;epimerites IVa incorporated into paragenital apo-demes. Genital arch apex at midlevel of trochanters IV,35 (27–35) in length, 28 (25–33) in width. Aedeagusstrongly attenuate to apex, reaching anterior level ofanal opening, 81 (71–86) in length. Genital area bear-ing genital papillae, genital arch and setae g encircled

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Fig. 1–4. Cotingodectes breviphallus Valim and Hernandes n. sp. (male) – 1. dorsal, 2. ventral, 3. femur II,4. tibia and tarsus IV.

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by long and wide paragenital apodemes stretchingfrom posterior level of coxal fields III to anterior levelof anal opening; anterior part of paragenital apodemesformed by epimerites IVa and bearing setae 4a. Rudi-mentary epimeral sclerite rEpIIa absent. Pregenitalsclerite narrow stick-shaped, connected to epimeritesIIIa and IVa, situated between levels of setae 3a and4a. Distance between ventral setae: 3a–4a 40 (37–41),4a–g 68 (66–73), g–ps3 50 (47–51), ps3–ps3 59 (56–60).Anal suckers 18 (17–20) in diameter and separated by31 (27–36), corolla dentate. Opisthoventral shieldscompletely covering opisthosomal lobes and flankinganal suckers from lateral and posterior sides. Setae ps3on soft tegument, anterolateral to anal suckers.

Solenidion s1 of genu I as a thin spine, 17 (8–18)long, situated at midlevel of segment; setae cGI andcGII setiform; seta mGI setiform, 5 (4–6) long, setaemGII setiform (Fig. 1). Femur II with ventral crest(Fig. 3). Setae sR present on trochanter III (absent inone paratype) and solenidion s on genu III present inall specimens analysed. Tarsus IV with apical claw-like process, 34 (30–40) in length, setae d and e button-like, situated in midlevel of segment and near apicalclaw, respectively (Fig. 4).

FEMALE (Figs. 5–8) (N = 3) – Length of idio-soma 456–483, width 176–196. Prodorsal shield: 115–117 in length and 125–127 in width, shape, surface andarrangement of scapular setae as in male. Setae veabsent. Setae se 113–126 in length, their bases sepa-rated by 78–82; pair si separated by 53–55. Humeralshields present, fused with epimerites III. Setae c2 andcp as in male; setae c3 lanceolate 28–31 in length and8–11 in width.

Distance between prodorsal and hysteronotalshields 25–46. Anterior hysteronotal and lobarshields separated only by thin transverse furrow (Fig.5). Anterior hysteronotal shield: 225–231 in length,115–116 in width; anterior margin slightly concave,anterior angles acute, surface without lacunae orpale-sclerotized areas. Lobar region: 106–110 inlength, 107–109 in width; surface without lacunae;terminal cleft as a narrow U, 66–72 in length, 9–14 inwidth. Supranal concavity circular, well expressed.Setae h2 dagger-like, 60–69 in length and 11–13 inwidth. Setae h1 inserted at level of supranal concavityopening, forming with setae f2 a low trapezoidalarrangement. Setae ps1 close to margins of terminalcleft. Setae h3 21 long. Distance between dorsal setae:si–c1 66–83, c1–c2 58–61, c1–d1 28–54, d1–d2 35–44,d1–e1 98–109, d2–e1 55–67, e1–e2 42–54, e1–h1 69–79, e2–h1 46–49, h1–f2 28–34, f2–h2 23–25, h2–h2 85–87. Setae h3 19–22 long, about one-sixth of terminalappendages.

Epimerites I fused by thin transverse sclerotizedband forming a narrow U with divergent branches

(Fig. 6). Coxal fields I and II open. Epimerites IVapresent. Distance between ventral setae: 1a–3a 71–94,3a–g 9–15, 4a–ps3 101–109, g–4a 84–97, ps2–ps320–24, ps2–ps2 50–53, ps3–ps3 24–25. Setae ps2 andps3 setiform, disposed in trapezoidal arrangement atlevel of anal opening. Spermatheca and spermaductsas in Fig. 8; length of secondary spermaducts 13–16long.

Legs I and II as in male. Solenidion s1 of genu Ias thin spine, 15–20 long, situated at midlevel of seg-ment; setae cGI and cGII setiform; seta mGI setiform7–8 long, setae mGII setiform (Fig. 5). Genua III withdicrete dorsal crest posterior to solenidion, and genuaIV with well-developed dorsal crest (Fig. 7). Legs IVextending by ambulacral disks at maximum tomidlevel of setae h2.

Diagnosis – The new species differs from theonly other known species in this genus by tendency tohave larger somatic measurements (e.g. length andwidth of idiosoma and of prodorsal, and hystero-somal shields) in both sexes; the aedeagus is dis-tinctly shorter (71–86), reaching anterior level of analopening in males; by presence of a pair of smallmetapodosomal shields lateral to hysterosomal setaed2 in males; and in female, setae ps1 approximatelyequal in length to distance between their bases. InC. interifolius aedeagus is much longer (125–126),reaching the level of bases of setae h3, setae ps1 in femalesare very short, and in both sexes somatic meas-urements (length of idiosoma: in male 363–385 vs402–429, and in female 440 vs 456–483, for C. interi-folius and C. breviphallus n. sp., respectively) areslightly smaller.

Etymology – The specific designation refers tothe shorter length of male aedeagus in relation to thatof previously known species, C. interifolius; from brevi(L., short)+phallus (G., the penis).

Cotingodectes interifolius (Trouessart, 1899) (Fig. 9)

Pterodectes interifolia Trouessart, 1899: 61; Park andAtyeo, 1971: 56.

Cotingodectes interifolius Valim and Hernandes,2008: 152.

Type host – Rupicola peruviana (Latham, 1790),the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock (Cotingidae) fromPeru.

Material examined – Four males (UMMZ 01-0102-140) and 4 females (UMMZ 01-0102-140), ex.Rupicola peruviana, Suecia, 138.5 km on Cuzco-Shintuya Hwy, 1920 m, Paucartambo, Cuzco, Peru(13°05′45″ S, 71°33′36″ W), 27 September 1999, coll.D.F. Stotz.

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Fig. 5–8. Cotingodectes breviphallus Valim and Hernandes n. sp. (female) – 5. dorsal, 6. ventral, 7. genu IV,8. spermatheca; pd: primary duct; sd: secondary ducts: hs: head of spermatheca.

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Key to males of Cotingodectes:

1. Aedeagus short, 71–86 μm, reaching the ante-rior level of anal opening; metapodosomalshields present and set at level of setae d2 .................................................C. breviphallus n. sp.

2. Aedeagus long, 125–126 μm, reaching the level ofbases of setae h3; metapodosomal shields absent..........................C. interifolius (Trouessart, 1899)

Berladectes Valim and Hernandes, n. gen. (Fig. 10)

Dolichodectes: Hernandes and Valim, 2006: 55 (part).

Type species – Dolichodectes neotropicus Hernan-des and Valim, 2006

Description – BOTH SEXES – Moderatelyelongate pterodectines. Vertical setae ve present.All hysterosomal setae present. Prodorsal shieldcovering most of prodorsum. Scapular shields nar-row. Humeral shields absent. Setae c2 situated dor-sally, set on striated tegument. Setae cG on legs Iand II setiform. Solenidion s1 of genu I about one-fourth the length of solenidion w3 of tarsus I. Setaewa anterior to setae la and ra on tarsi I and II. Seg-ments of legs I and II without processes or othermodifications. Trochanteral seta sR and genual

Fig. 9–10. Ventral opisthosoma of males – 9. Cotingodectes interifolius (Trouessart, 1899) (male) and10. Berladectes neotropicus (Hernandes and Valim, 2006).

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solenidion s1 present on legs III. Supranal concav-ity well developed.

MALE – Epimerites I fused into a narrow U,posterior tip of sternum connected with medial part ofepimerites II by thin and irregular transverse sclerotizedbands. Coxal fields I and III closed, coxal field II open;most epimerites (IIa and IV) with extensive sclerotizedareas. Opisthosomal lobes twice as long as wide,opisthosomal lobes well developed, outer sides conver-gent posterior to level of setae ps2. Setae h2 dagger-likewith long terminal filament, set slightly posterior tolevel of setae ps2. Setae h1 set posterior of supranal con-cavity. Setae ps1 short and setiform, set at level of setaeh3. Genital organ at level of trochanters IV. Genitalpapillae anterior to genital arch. Aedeagus much longerthan genital arch. Epimerites IVa forming paragenitalapodemes fused with adanal shields into a single struc-ture almost completely encircling genital area bearinggenital apparatus. Setae g situated on adanal shields.Setae 4a situated on epimerites IVa, pregenital apo-deme as narrow Y, its anterior ends fused with innermargins of coxal fields III, its posterior end almostfused with tips of epimerites IVa. Opisthoventralshields present, their widest part at level of anal suckers.Corolla of anal suckers edentate. Setae ps3 onopisthoventral shields, situated posterolateral to analdisks. Setae g and ps3 in trapezoidal arrangement. LegsIII and IV slightly thicker than legs I and II. Solenidia jof legs III and IV subequal. Tarsi IV without apicalclaw-like process, setae d and e button-like.

FEMALE – Epimerites I fused into a narrow U.Lobar region of opisthosoma separated from hystero-soma, opisthosomal lobes well developed, with longterminal appendages. Macrosetae h2 dagger-like. Epig-ynium horseshoe-shaped, longer than wide. Translobarsclerites present. Legs I–IV subequal in size; solenidia jof tibiae III at least twice as longer as that of tibiae IV.

Differential diagnosis – The new genus, Ber-ladectes, belongs to the Pterodectes generic group(sensu Park and Atyeo 1971) and is most similar toPterodectes in having the following features. In bothsexes, there is a complete set of hysterosomal setae; inmales, the genital papillae are situated anterior to geni-tal arch; in females, setae h2 are strongly enlarged, dag-ger-like in form. The new genus differs fromPterodectes by the following set of characters: in bothsexes, humeral shields are absent; in males, setae ps3are situated posterolateral to anal suckers, a pair oflong paragenital apodemes is fused by posterior endswith the adanal shield and encircles the genital field,and the pregenital sclerite is present, represented by along Y, its anterior ends are fused with middle parts ofepimerites IIIa, with its anterior ends fused with thenarrow sclerotized areas of epimerites IIIa and IV; infemales, solenidion j of tibia III is twice as longer as

that of tibia IV. In known males of Pterodectes species,paragenital and pregenital apodemes are absent, andsetae ps3 are situated anterolateral to anal suckers; infemales, solenidion j of tibia III is usually slightlylonger than that on tibia IV.

It is necessary to note that males of Berladectesgen. nov. superficially resemble those of DolichodectesPark and Atyeo, 1971, in having elongated opisthoso-mal lobes, setae ps3 situated posterolateral to analsuckers, and extensive sclerotization around the genitalfield. However, these similarities are clearly conver-gent, because in Dolichodectes the male genital papillaeare situated posterior to the genital arch, and sclero-tized areas (shields and apodemes) around the anal andgenital fields are of quite different structure; in femalessetae h3 are short and thin, rather than very long andstrong, even longer than h2 as in Berladectes gen. nov.

Species content – The genus is monotypic.Etymology – Homage to Herbert F. Berla

(1912–1985), in recognition of his pioneering work inthe study of feather mites of Brazilian birds. Contrac-tion of Berla and Pterodectes, the nominal genus ofthe feather mite subfamily Pterodectinae.

Material examined – Male holotype, 5 male and13 female paratypes of Dolichodectes neotropicus, ex.Elaenia chiriquensis, Fazenda Agua Limpa, Brasília,D.F., Brazil (15°57′ S, 47°56′ W); 07 August 2002,coll. M.F. Kanegae, held by CAIOC and DZSJRP.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are greatly indebted to Luís Fabio Silveira(Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo,São Paulo, SP, Brazil) for authorizing the examina-tion of the Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock skin at theornithological collection deposited at the Museum ofZoology, São Paulo University (MZSP); to BarryOConnor (Museum of Zoology, University of Michi-gan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) for loaning exemplars ofC. interifolius; and to Heather C. Proctor (Universityof Alberta, Alberta, Canada) for critically reviewingthe first draft of the manuscript.

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