a new energy transition is beginning and copper is …...a new energy transition is beginning and...

A new energy transition is beginning and copper is at the heart of it.

In the past two centuries, humankind has rapidly evolved its sources of power with each new scientific innovation, from muscle

power and burning wood, to coal and nuclear fuel.

100

80

60

40

20

0

90

70

50

30

10

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

quadrillion British thermal units

Source: EIA

Renewables

Nuclear

Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

U.S. primary energy consumption (by major sources between 1950 and 2017)

80 1006040200

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance

Wind & Solar (PV)NuclearHydroGasCoal & Oil

Power generation forecast Global electricity generation (% of total in 2040)

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance

900

LCOE ($/MWh, 2018 real)

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

02009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

Utility PV, no tracking

Offshore wind

Onshore wind

Energy storage (4 hours)

Implied using historic battery pack prices

Utility PV, tracking

Global benchmarks (PV, wind and batteries)

Energy TransitionsAmerica’s energy mix is rapidly diversifying.

In the future, clean energy sources are set to take a larger portion of the global energy mix.

The declining costs of wind, solar (PV) and energy storage technologies will contribute to the clean energy transition.

Copper is 100% recyclable and can be used over and

over without losing its engineering properties.

Without copper, for the same efficiency, electrical

equipment such as motors, transformers and

cables would use 20% more materials.

Copper's ability to be bent and easily shaped

into wires or sheets, make it the ideal metal

for a variety of electrical uses.

Electrons can move freely through copper,

making it a good conductor of heat and

electricity.

Source: ThinkCopper

Why Copper?

With each energy transition comes a new

need for materials.

Wind, solar, and the associated battery technologies are mineral intensive, using many niche and base metals.

Cobalt Graphite VanadiumLithiumNickel Aluminum

Copper connects and delivers clean energy to the world.

Copper has the superior properties that allow it to be used for many types of clean energy.

It is these properties that make it

the critical material for wind and solar technology,

energy storage, and electric vehicles.

The generation of clean energy from solar and wind has a copper usage that is typically

4-6 timesmore than fossil fuels.

There is one metal that stands out:

Copper

CONDUCTIVITY DUCTILITY RECYCLABILITYEFFICIENCY

Source: Navigant Research

2004$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$30

$25

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20182005

Billion, nominal

1.94.3

8.7

12.5

17.6

9.6

17.7

10.6

14.312.2

10.712.7

15.5

20

24.8

U.S. LARGE-SCALE WIND PROJECTS (financing)

Source: BloombergNEF Energy in America 2018

ONSHORE VS. OFFSHORE

Onshore Wind Installations:

7,766 LBS COPPER PER MW

Offshore Wind Installations:

21,067 LBS COPPER PER MW

53% 4%24% 19%


Copper in Wind Farms

Offshore wind farms require significantly more copper per MW on average than onshore wind farms, with copper cabling accounting for up to 82% of copper usage.

A 3 megawatts (MW) wind turbine contains up to

CABLE AND WIRING

TRANSFORMERSTURBINE/POWER GENERATION

TURBINE TRANSFORMER

Since 2004, $177 billion has been invested in U.S. large-scale wind projects.

4.7 TONS OF COPPER.

Source: SEIA

70%2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

$6

$5

$4

$3

$2

$1

$0

Ann

ual i

nsta

lled

sola

r pv

capa

city

(MW

dc)

Ble

nded

ave

rage

sol

ar P

V sy

stem

pri

ce ($

/Wat

t)

U.S. SOLAR PV price declines & deployment growth

Source: SEIA


PROJECTED COPPER USAGE IN NORTH AMERICA (from 2018 to 2027)

1.9BILLION LBS of copper 262 GW will be needed to power of new solar installation

Copper in Solar TechnologyThere are approximately

Commonly used in

HEAT EXCHANGERS

CABLINGWIRING

of copper in solar power systems.

Used to transfer solar energy to heat water or air

in heating systems

A group of insulated conductors used for transmitting electrical

power or signals

Used for conducting electricity


The cost to install solar has dropped by more than 70% over the last decade which has increased the annual installed capacity of solar power.

5.5 TONS PER MW

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Advanced Lead Acid 20

<20

520

320

460

440

500

540

Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

Flow Battery

Flywheel

Lithium Ion

Sodium Batteries

Pumped Hydro

Ultracapacitors

(lbs/MW)

COPPER CONTENT (by Energy Storage Technology)


>500MW

500-200MW

200-100MW

100-50MW

50-5MW

<5MW CA2,886

WA22.2

ID26.1

MN17.2

CO286

TX189

NV350

AZ205

AK40.7

OR61.7

MT161

IN33.4

OH75.4

SC8.0

NC32.9

PA147

NY154

WY1.0

SD0.2

WI

IA1.1

MO5.2

ND

NE

ARNM5.9

OK0.4

KS0.1

LA0.3

UT5.0

IL181

KY3.0

MS1.0

TN 1.6

AL112

GA1.0

VA4.1

ME

NH

MA

RI

CT

NJ

DE

MD

17.2

1.8

176.10.3

32.2

68.12.8

14.3

VT 17.3

HI 534

WV 66.5

FL72.7

MI5.7


U.S. ENERGY STORAGE PROJECTS (announced and commissioned)

Copper in Energy Storage


CABLING SWITCHESWIRING

Copper wiring and cabling connect renewable power generation with energy storage devices while the copper in the switches of transformers help to deliver power at the right voltage.

Across the United States, a total of 5,752 MW of energy storage capacity has been announced and commissioned.

Source: Copper Development Association

Source: Reuters

COPPER CONTENT BY VEHICLE TYPE

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)Hybrid Electric

Vehicle (HEV)Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)

88LB 48LB 183LB

2018

Q1Q2Q3Q4

2017201620152014201320122011201020092008

70 available EV models

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Fuel cell vehicles (FCV)

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV)

Battery electric vehicles (BEV)

EV MODEL AVAILABILITY IN NORTH AMERICA

Copper in Electric Vehicles


Electric vehicles rely heavily on copper for the motor coil that drives the engine.

Additionally, the cabling for charging stations of electric vehicles will be

another source of copper usage.

By the fourth quarter of 2018, there were

available to consumers for purchase in North America.

4FCVs

32PHEVs

29BEVs

For example, BYD charging ports ranging from 3.3 kW to 200 kW contain between two

to 17 pounds of copper. According to IDTechEx, BYD’s total sale of chargers in

2016 used more than 295,000 lbs. of copper.

Electric vehicles are becoming more accessible as more options enter the market.

WWW.COPPER.ORG

@copperenergy | @ThinkCopperUSA

CopperDevelopment

Copper Development Association

CopperVideo

With each energy transition comes a new need for materials. The transition to wind and solar energy and electric vehicles will be accelerated by energy storage technologies. Copper is a critical material component for the next great energy transition.

Copper Development Association Inc.7918 Jones Branch Drive, Suite 300McLean, VA 22102Office: (202) 558-7625Cell: (202) 674-9838Skype: (212) 251-7238

[email protected]

Zolaikha StrongDirector – Energy Policy and Electrical Markets

Copper Development Association Inc.7918 Jones Branch Drive, Suite 300McLean, VA 22102Office: (202) 558-7625Cell: (202) 674-9838Skype: (212) 251-7238

[email protected]

Zolaikha StrongDirector – Energy Policy and Electrical Markets

a new energy transition is beginning and copper is …...a new energy transition is beginning and...

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