“a nation of potted plants”
DESCRIPTION
“A Nation of Potted Plants”. Oil, subterfuge, and the overthrow of mohammad mosaddeq. Presented by Nate Levine. introduction. Thesis. Despite decades of amicable relations with Iran, the Eisenhower administration orchestrated the 1953 coup in order to: Secure access to Iranian oil - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
O I L , S U B T E R F U G E , A N D T H E OV E RT H R O W O F M O H A M M A D M O S A D D E Q
“A NATION OF POTTED PLANTS”
Presented by Nate Levine
INTRODUCTION
THESIS
• Despite decades of amicable relations with Iran, the Eisenhower administration orchestrated the 1953 coup in order to:
1. Secure access to Iranian oil
2. Advance US economic interests
ROADMAP
• Background AIOC and IranNationalization
• Initial reactions: Great Britain & the U.S.
• Operation TPAJAX
• Aftermath (benefits for the U.S.)
IRAN BEFORE OIL
Persia
Islam
Dark Years
Qajar
1906 Constitutional Revolution
1908 Oil
AIOC AND IRAN
• Living conditions of Iranian workers
• Lord Curzon: Allies “floated to victory on an ocean of oil”Division of Profits
IranAIOC
AIOC AND IRAN
1941 194502468
1012141618 Oil Production
Oil Production (in millions of tons)
NATIONALIZATION
• Political situation chaotic• Mohammad Mosaddeq and the National Front• Nationalization supported unanimously
MOSADDEQ
INITIAL REACTIONS
• Great Britain furious, threatened Shah• Approached the UN• Boycott of Iranian oil • Approached the U.S. (Truman administration)
DON’T FORGET THE COLD WAR
THE COUP
• CIA justification• Bribery• Psychological campaign• Economic sabotage• Anti-Mosaddeq forces
AFTERMATH & BENEFITS FOR U.S.
1. Access to Oil• Oil Production
1945 1953 19650
1020304050607080 Oil Exports
Exports of Iranian Crude Oil (in mil-lions of tons)
AFTERMATH & BENEFITS FOR U.S.
2. U.S. Benefits • Trade Deficits (standard of living)• Oil concessions• Money, money everywhere
1951-52
1952-53
1953-54
1954-55
05
101520
Cost of Living (based on Price Indices)
Cost of Liv-ing (in percent-ages)
CONCLUSION
• Despite years of amicable relations (Iranians viewed U.S. as alternative to imperialism), Eisenhower supported the 1953 CIA coup in order to:
1. Secured access to Iranian oil -enjoyed “ocean of oil” pre-nationalization
-Cold War concerns2. Advanced U.S. economic interests -trade deficits -oil concessions
BIBLIOGRAPHYBerman, Morris. Dark Ages America: The Final Phase of Empire. New York: Norton, 2007.
Gasiorowski, Mark J. and Malcolm Byrne, eds. Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2004.
“Iran Paves Way to Nationalize its Oil Fields: British Firm Faces Loss of Concession.” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 19, 1951. http://ezproxy.umw.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.umw.edu/docview/178027651?accountid=12299
Kinzer, Stephen. All The Shah’s Men. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.
Marsh, Steve. “Continuity and Change: Reinterpreting the Policies of the Truman and Eisenhower Administrations toward Iran, 1950-1954.” Journal of Cold War Studies 7, no. 3 (Summer 2005): 79.
Mokhtari, Fariborz. “Iran’s 1953 Coup Revisited: Internal Dynamics versus External Intrigue.” Middle East Journal 62, no. 3 (Summer 2008): 457.
Ramazani, Rouhollah K. The Foreign Policy of Iran: A Developing Nation in World Affairs 1500-1941. Charlottesville, VA: The University Press of Virginia, 1966.
TIME Magazine. “Mohammed Mossadeg, Man of the Year, Jan. 7, 1952.” TIME Man of the Year. Accessed November 30, 2013. http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19520107,00.html
Towfighi, Parviz S. From Persian Empire to Islamic Iran: A History of Nationalism in the Middle East. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, Ltd., 2009.
Wilber, Donald. “Document 1: CIA, Clandestine Service History, Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran, November 1952-August 1953.” The National Security Archive (1954), accessed November 15, 2013,http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB435/#_ftn1