A Meeting of Many A Meeting of Many WorldsWorlds

Main PointsMain Points

Europe and ExplorationEurope and Exploration Causes and Methods of Causes and Methods of

ExpansionExpansion SignificanceSignificance Contact and ConquestContact and Conquest Spain and the MexicaSpain and the Mexica FranceFrance BritainBritain Legacies of ConquestLegacies of Conquest

Conditions in Europe, Conditions in Europe, 1400’s1400’s

I. I. Black DeathBlack Death, 1340’s , 1340’s

-Ec. & pop. growth, -Ec. & pop. growth, 1400’s1400’s

II. II. RenaissanceRenaissance

-15-15thth & 16 & 16thth century century

III. Consolidate powerIII. Consolidate power

--Spanish Spanish reconquistareconquista

Religion in EuropeReligion in Europe

III. Catholic ChurchIII. Catholic Church

A. A. ReformationReformation, 1510s-, 1510s-20s 20s

1. 1. Martin LutherMartin Luther

a. Personal faitha. Personal faith

b. Question doctrine b. Question doctrine

B. B. “Protestants”“Protestants”

C. Religious divisionC. Religious division

1. Cath., Prot., Calv.1. Cath., Prot., Calv.

2. Intolerance2. Intolerance

Why Explore?Why Explore?

I. Material gainI. Material gain A. TradeA. Trade 1. Spices1. Spices 2. Silks & furs2. Silks & furs 3. Gold/slaves3. Gold/slavesII. ReligiousII. Religious A. ConversionA. Conversion B. Block IslamB. Block IslamIII. Political III. Political

powerpower

How they How they exploredexplored

III. New technologyIII. New technology

A. Stronger shipsA. Stronger ships

1. Caravels1. Caravels

2. Sails2. Sails

B. Navigational toolsB. Navigational tools

1. Astrolabe1. Astrolabe

2. Magnetic 2. Magnetic compasscompass

C. MapsC. Maps

1. Geography1. Geography

2. Currents2. Currents

Who?Who?

Bartolemeu Diaz southern Africa 1488Bartolemeu Diaz southern Africa 1488 Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus,, Bahamas 1492 Bahamas 1492 Vasco Da Gama, under Africa to India Vasco Da Gama, under Africa to India

1499 1499 John Cabot, Newfoundland 1497John Cabot, Newfoundland 1497 Juan Ponce de Leon, Florida 1513Juan Ponce de Leon, Florida 1513 Hernan CortesHernan Cortes,, Mexico 1519 Mexico 1519 Jacques Cartier, St. Lawrence River. Jacques Cartier, St. Lawrence River.

15351535

Significance?Significance?

I. I. Power of Spain Power of Spain II. European conflictsII. European conflicts III. African slaveryIII. African slavery IV. ChristianityIV. Christianity V. Contact with Indigenous V. Contact with Indigenous

peoplepeople VI. New wealthVI. New wealth VII. Population changeVII. Population change

Pop QuizPop Quiz

Take out a piece of Take out a piece of paperpaper

Name, class, I.D. #Name, class, I.D. #

1. Name of the process that involved 1. Name of the process that involved the exchange of animals, plants, & the exchange of animals, plants, & disease between the old and new disease between the old and new worlds.worlds.

2. One type of labor system used by 2. One type of labor system used by the Spanish in the new worldthe Spanish in the new world

Contact & Conquest, 1492-Contact & Conquest, 1492-1640s1640s

I. SpainI. Spain

II. FranceII. France

III. BritainIII. Britain

IV. InteractionIV. Interaction

and conflictsand conflicts

SpainSpain

I. Christopher I. Christopher Columbus Columbus

II. Ferdinand & II. Ferdinand & IsabellaIsabella

III. Route to AsiaIII. Route to Asia

IV. CaribbeanIV. Caribbean

V. TainosV. Tainos

The Spanish The Spanish EmpireEmpire

I. I. Cortez & the MexicaCortez & the Mexica, , 1519-15211519-1521

II. II. MontezumaMontezuma

““Empire of tribute”Empire of tribute”

III. ConquestIII. Conquest

A. War & A. War & technologytechnology

B. B. Tarascans/TlaxcalansTarascans/Tlaxcalans

C. DiseaseC. Disease

Spanish InstitutionsSpanish Institutions

I. I. PresidiosPresidios (Military/State)(Military/State)

A. ExploreA. Explore

B. Trade B. Trade

C. “Defend”C. “Defend”

D. Subdue IndiansD. Subdue Indians

-Onate 1590, Acoma-Onate 1590, Acoma

II.II. Missions Missions (Church) (Church)

A. Franciscans & A. Franciscans & JesuitsJesuits

B. ConversionB. Conversion

C. Indian LaborC. Indian Labor

Spanish Colonial LaborSpanish Colonial LaborA. A. EncomiendaEncomienda -Tribute & labor -Tribute & labor given to an given to an encomenderoencomenderoB.B. Repartimiento Repartimiento -Guaranteed Indian -Guaranteed Indian labor to Spanish for labor to Spanish for public projectspublic projectsC. C. RescateRescate-Ransomed Indian -Ransomed Indian captives worked for captives worked for Spanish Spanish

Spanish BorderlandsSpanish Borderlands

missions and military presidios by 1780smissions and military presidios by 1780s

““The Columbian The Columbian Exchange”Exchange”

AmericasAmericas CornCorn BeansBeans PeppersPeppers PotatoesPotatoes CocoaCocoa TobaccoTobacco

EuropeEurope DiseaseDisease Horses, pigs, Horses, pigs,

sheepsheep Cattle Cattle GunsGuns WeedsWeeds SugarSugar CoffeeCoffee

The FrenchThe French

I. Weak empireI. Weak empire

A. Less interestA. Less interest

B. TradeB. Trade

C. Few colonistsC. Few colonists

D. CatholicD. Catholic

II. II. Samuel de Samuel de Champlain Champlain

1607 Quebec1607 Quebec

III. Indian alliancesIII. Indian alliances

A. A. HuronsHurons

The FrenchThe FrenchIV. CatholicIV. Catholic

A. A. Jesuits Jesuits (blackrobes)(blackrobes)

B. B. SyncretismSyncretism

1. 1. Kateri Kateri TekakwithaTekakwitha

*Mohawk *Mohawk womanwoman

*Catholic*Catholic

*Saint in 20*Saint in 20thth c. c.

The Fur-TradeThe Fur-TradeV. French trappers and V. French trappers and

traders traders A. Lived with IndiansA. Lived with Indians B. Learned Native B. Learned Native

languageslanguages C. Married Native C. Married Native

womenwomen*Metis*Metis

D. Indian women did D. Indian women did most workmost work

Arrival of the BritishArrival of the British

I. Late ArrivalsI. Late Arrivals

II. Violence and II. Violence and IndiansIndians

III. Social III. Social stratificationstratification

IV. Land, colonize, IV. Land, colonize, excludeexclude

The EnglishThe English

I. Jamestown “settlers”I. Jamestown “settlers”

A. Military, not farmersA. Military, not farmers

1. 1. Virginia CompanyVirginia Company

““joint-stock joint-stock company”company”

B. B. Capt. John SmithCapt. John Smith

C. Almost died 1609/10C. Almost died 1609/10

D. TobaccoD. Tobacco

British-Native RelationsBritish-Native Relations

Powhatan Powhatan ConfederacyConfederacy

A. 14,000 peopleA. 14,000 people

B. Colonists stole B. Colonists stole corncorn

C. DiseasesC. Diseases

D. Expanded onto D. Expanded onto

Powhatan landPowhatan land

PocahontasPocahontas

PocahontasPocahontas, , daughter of daughter of Powhatan, married Powhatan, married

John RolfeJohn Rolfe Pocahontas Pocahontas

became Rebecca, became Rebecca, but died in 1617but died in 1617

Native ResponsesNative Responses

OpechancanoughOpechancanough (brother of Powhatan)(brother of Powhatan)

-Warfare through -Warfare through 1620s1620s

-Destroyed Virginia -Destroyed Virginia Co.Co.

-Colonists kept coming-Colonists kept coming

-Patterns of conflict-Patterns of conflict

Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony 16201620’’ss

I. New England, MassI. New England, Mass

II. II. PuritansPuritans split from split from Anglican ChurchAnglican Church

III. III. Separatists Separatists thought Church was thought Church was corruptcorrupt

IV. IV. PilgrimsPilgrims left left Europe to establish Europe to establish aa colony of “true colony of “true believers” believers”

Plymouth, MassPlymouth, Mass

Continuing conflictContinuing conflict

I. Plymouth Colony andI. Plymouth Colony and William William BradfordBradford

II. II. Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

III. Wampanoag territoryIII. Wampanoag territory

A. Natives help them surviveA. Natives help them survive

B. B. Samoset, Squanto, MassasoitSamoset, Squanto, Massasoit

VI. Land loss and deathVI. Land loss and death

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony

I. Offshoot of PlymouthI. Offshoot of Plymouth

A. Joint-Stock CompanyA. Joint-Stock Company

B. Expansion into Pequot B. Expansion into Pequot LandLand

C. “Religious War of C. “Religious War of extermination”extermination”

II.II. Pequot War Pequot War and the Treaty and the Treaty of of

Hartford, 1638Hartford, 1638

The Pequot WarThe Pequot War

Pequot’s Revenge: Pequot’s Revenge: Foxwood’s ResortFoxwood’s Resort

Comparisons, 1600sComparisons, 1600s France:France: Fur trade, Jesuits, weak Fur trade, Jesuits, weak

empire, Indian alliances, empire, Indian alliances, dependencydependency

British:British: Late arrivals; full Late arrivals; full colonization; hostile Indian colonization; hostile Indian relations; conformity & exclusionrelations; conformity & exclusion

Spain:Spain: Full colonization, presidios, Full colonization, presidios, missions, labor, big empire, missions, labor, big empire, powerful state, inclusion of powerful state, inclusion of Indians into societyIndians into society

SignificanceSignificance of contact, of contact, 1600s1600s

I.I. Massive exchange of populationsMassive exchange of populations

II.II. European powerEuropean power

III.III. ““Biological conquest”Biological conquest”

IV.IV. Native resistance and adaptationNative resistance and adaptation

V.V. Expansion of ChristianityExpansion of Christianity

VI.VI. European accumulation of wealthEuropean accumulation of wealth