a lump in the leg quiz. 2004 past exam q name the characteristic features of a synovial joint...
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This is a radiograph of the knee of a patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. List three (3) structures whose integrity you must test prior to treating this injury. Popliteal artery Tibial nerve Peroneal nerve ?? others 2004 past exam QTRANSCRIPT
A lump in the leg
Quiz
2004 past exam Q
• Name the characteristic features of a synovial joint
1. Joint capsule2. Synovial membrane3. Synovial fluid / joint
cavity4. Articular cartilage5. Bone
This is a radiograph of the knee of a patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident.
List three (3) structures whose integrity you must test prior to treating this injury.
• Popliteal artery• Tibial nerve• Peroneal nerve• ?? others
2004 past exam Q
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder of defective synthesis of collagen type I. True
Metastases in bone usually cause a periosteal reaction. False
Most osteosarcomas occur before the age of thirty (30) years. TrueOsteosarcomas are aggressive tumours. TrueSclerotic bone around the edge of a lesion in a bone, is a poor
prognostic sign. FalseGiant cell tumours (osteoclastoma) are usually benign. True
2004 past exam Q’s – TRUE or FALSE
2004 past exam Q – describe the abormality.
Feedback:- November 2004 Many students confused film exposure with osteoporosis � Confusion of the growth plates and sutures as fractures � Many stated that the x-ray was of degenerative changes despite being from �
a young child ie osteoporosis and osteoarthritis giving fractures. (How many could tell this was a child’s x-ray?)
Confusion of fovea capitis with an abnormality � Confusion of ileum and ilium � Confusion of hip joint with sacroilac joint � Some students couldn’t tell left from right despite it being written on the �
radiograph. One student claimed a diagnosis of hepatitis, although osteoporosis and �
fractures and malignancies were commonest. Common Errors:- Lack of knowledge in interpreting radiographs. The
majority didn’t realise it was a child’s x-ray or didn’t actually notice the growth plate lucencies, then they decided that it was osteoarthritis/osteoporosis and then went looking for evidence to support their ideas.
Knee examination – Mix & Match
Collateral ligaments
Cruciate ligaments
Meniscuses
Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
Simple bone cyst
Osteosarcoma
Osteoid osteoma
Chondroblastoma
Giant cell tumor
Ewing’s tumorC
H
FB
A
D
G
E
Tumours of bone and cartilage
• Malignant, 15-30yo, around the knee, sunburst
periosteal reaction
• Usually benign. Giant multinucleated cells.
• Small sclerotic central nidus
• Benign cartilage cyst in bone marrow
• Small round blue cells
• Rare, malignant, notochord remnant
• Cartilage-capped exostosis (bony outgrowth)
Giant cell tumour
Osteoid osteoma
Osteosarcoma
Enchondroma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Chordoma
Osteochondroma
OsteomyelitisA patient presents with dull unilateral hip pain,
progressing over a week.If this is a case of osteomyelitis, what local and
systemic signs and symptoms might you expect?Tenderness, warmth, erythema, swelling, fever
and rigor may also be present. However, patients with osteomyelitis involving sites such as the hip, vertebrae, or pelvis tend to manifest few signs or symptoms other than pain
OsteomyelitisThe risk of osteomyeletis spreading from the
bone shaft to the bone end and the into a joint depends on age. Considering infants, children, and adults, which groups are at higher risk and why?
Infants have capillaries bridging the growth plate.
Adults have the growth plate resorbed.