a living planet chapter 2
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A Living Planet Chapter 2. Inside the Earth Inner Core- solid metallic center Outer core - melted iron/ nickle hotter than mantle Mantle - Thick layer of hot rock/ about 1800 miles thick Magma - molten rock from the mantle. Will rise through crust. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A Living PlanetChapter 2
Inside the Earth◦Inner Core-solid metallic
center
◦Outer core- melted iron/nickle hotter than mantle
◦Mantle- Thick layer of hot rock/ about 1800 miles thick
◦Magma- molten rock from the mantle. Will rise through crust.
◦Crust-thin layer of rock on earth’s surface
www.kidscosmos.org
On and above the earth Atmosphere- air that surrounds the earth
Lithosphere-surface land areas of the earth’s crust including continents and ocean basins 30-90 miles deep
Hydrosphere- 71% of earth surface◦Oceans, lakes, rivers, bodies of water, glaciers, permafrost
Biosphere- part of the earth where life is found
www.rsmas.miami.edu
www.sws.uiuc.edu
Amount of water on earth constant. 97% salt water. 3% fresh water
◦2% locked up in glaciers. ◦.5% is locked up in lakes, rivers, ◦.5% ground water-water held in pores of rock.
Hydrological cycle- continuous circulation of water
Water table- The level at which the rocks become saturated (can rise or fall depending on precipitation and use)
Chapter 2.2 Bodies of water
Landforms: Naturally formed features on Earth’s surface.
Oceanic Landforms◦Continental shelf-earth’s
surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean.
◦Have canyons, plains, ridges
Continental Landforms◦Relief: the difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to highest point.
http://www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/images/tectonics%20images/continental%20shelf.jpg
TopographyCombination of the surface shape and
composition of the landforms in a region.
Four categories of Topography
Mountains
Hills
Plains
Plateaus
Continental Drift Pangea◦1912 Alfred Wegener of Germany
◦Idea that earth was once a supercontinent that divided slowly millions of years ago
◦Split into many plates
Tectonic plates
Internal forces
Convergent: Collision Boundary
Convergent Boundary
Transform boundary
Weathering:• Breaking down of rocks,
soils and minerals and other artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters.
• Occurs with no movement
Mechanical Weatheringbreakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure.
Chemical Weatheringinvolves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering) in the breakdown of rocks, soils and minerals.
Erosion: • process by which material is removed from a
region of the Earth surface.• occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice or
gravity