a history of telecommunications
DESCRIPTION
The Irwin handbook of telecommunication-Chapter1TRANSCRIPT
A HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
1.A brief history of telecommunications2. A short history of the bell system3.The principle of regulated monopoly4.Telephone rate subsidization5.The first antitrust case6.The second Antitrust case7.The telecommunications Act of 19968.The aftermath of the MFJ9.A short history of the Internet10.Telecommunications standards11.How Standards are developed12.Standards Organizations
A BRIEF HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
PSTN-The public switched telephone network
DOJ-Department of Justice LAN-Local area networks
A short history of the bell system
The Bell System traced its roots back to Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone in 1876,
and survived for nearly 110 years.
THE PRINCIPLE OF REGULATED MONOPOLY
PUC-public utilities commissionICC-Interstate Commerce Commission
FCC-Federal Communications CommissionLEC-local exchange carriers
TELEPHONE RATE SUBSIDIZATIONPBX-private branch exchangeBOC-Bell Operating Company
Figure 1-1Simplified Organization of the Pre-divestiture bell system
AT&T General Departments
Long Lines Divisio
n
22 Bell operating companies
Bell laboratorie
s
Western electric
corporation
THE FIRST ANTITRUST CASE-INTERCONNECTION-LONG-DISTANCE RESTRICTIONS-EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
MFJ-Modified final JudgmentPCA-protective coupling arrangementIXC-interexchange carrier
THE SECOND ANTITRUST CASE
RBOC-regional Bell Operating CompaniesLATA-local transport area
PIC-primary interexchange carrierBellCore-Bell Communications Research
THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ACT OF 1996The Universal Service fund
THE AFTERMATH OF THE MFJ
In United States telecommunication law, Modification of Final Judgment (MFJ) is the August
1982 agreement approved by the court settling United States v. AT&T, a landmark antitrust suit
A short history of the internet
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS
IBM produced its Systems Network Architecture (SNA) with its own resources while the International Standards Organization (ISO) later developed its Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) architecture that is similar, but not identical. AT&T, eager to replace signaling systems that were vulnerable to toll fraud, developed its common channel interoffice signaling (CCIS) and applied it several years ahead of the ITU standard,which subsequently evolved into Signaling System 7 (SS7).
HOW STANDARDS ARE DEVELOPED
The field of players in the standards process is vast, and sometimes not closely coordinated. Standards progress from conception to adoption in four key stages:
1. Conceptualization2. Development3. Influence4. Promulgation
STANDARDS ORGANIZATION-International telecommunications union-ITUAmerican national standards institute-ANSI
International standards organization-ISOInternet engineering task force-IETF
Industry and professional associations
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