a historical perspective by mr. ferreira and ms. petry
TRANSCRIPT
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A Historical Perspective by A Historical Perspective by Mr. Ferreira and Mr. Ferreira and
Ms. PetryMs. Petry
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Once Upon A Time There Once Upon A Time There Was A Country Which Was A Country Which
From Its Origin Thrived In From Its Origin Thrived In The Land Of Plenty…The Land Of Plenty…
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Over Time A Rift Over Time A Rift Developed Between Developed Between The Northern Part The Northern Part And the Southern And the Southern Portion Over The Portion Over The
Institution Of Institution Of Slavery…Slavery…
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Both Sides Flourished In Both Sides Flourished In Different Ways But The Different Ways But The Rift Would Continue To Rift Would Continue To
Widen Over The Widen Over The Continuing Continuing
Generations….Generations….
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A dark cloud loomed over the United States in the pre-dawn
hours of April 12, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln had promised to keep the union of states together even as forces seemed to pull many of those states apart. President of the
Confederacy; Jefferson Davis had other ideas. What events possibly could have transpired to force a showdown of this magnitude?
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Events Which Cause the Civil WarConstitution
Cotton Gin
Louisiana Purchase
Missouri Compromise
Indian Removal
Annexation of Texas
Mexican War
California Gold Rush
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas/Pottawatomie Creek
Dred Scott Decision
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Harpers Ferry
Election of 1860
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Starring in order of Appearance…
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USA
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CSA
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CSA
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USA
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CSA
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USA
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CSA
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USA
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USA
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USA
George George
MeadeMeade
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USA
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USA
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U.S. Government property has been seized in the south, Lincoln’s
political and moral obligation is to preserve the Union. Only two forts in the south remain in Union hands.
Ft. Pickens in Florida, and Ft. Sumter in South Carolina. To keep these forts, Lincoln knows he must give them additional provisions but doing so could be seen as an act of
war!
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Charleston Harbor; April 11th 1861
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In the early morning hours of April 12, 1861 P.G.T.
Beauregard; Commander of the Southern Forces
surrounding Ft. Sumter opens fire on the fort and Union forces led by Major Robert
Anderson. The bombardment lasts over 34 hours and results in only the wounding of a horse
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Seven states secede; four more join the
Confederacy (VA, AR, TN, and NC) after shots fired on Fort Sumter, SC
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Ft. Sumter 1861Ft. Sumter 1861
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Fort SumterFort Sumter
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• Copperheads Copperheads - - Northern Democrats oppose the war and Lincoln. They are not alone….
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Border States during the Civil Border States during the Civil WarWar
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After riots break out in Baltimore, Lincoln takes control…martial law is declared and the Writ of Habeas Corpus suspended.
Lincoln seizes control of the border states (MD,MO,KY,and
DE)
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•Union call for troops…–Most think the war will be short and only sign three or four month enlistment papers
•Advantages and Disadvantages between the Union and Confederacy.
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Lincoln urges his army commander; Irvin McDowell to
advance into Virginia. McDowell does not want to move because his troops are untrained. Lincoln responds, “yes, you are green,
he is green also.”
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In the Western theater. Events are heating up as well. Ulysses
S. Grant leads his troops into Tennessee and encounter stiff Confederate resistance on the banks of the Tennessee River.
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Returning to the East; new Union Army Commander George McClellan is preparing for a
campaign to capture Richmond, Virginia by landing his troops at the tip of the York and James River peninsula and marching
them to Richmond.
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During these 7days of battles, Robert E. Lee becomes
commander of the Army of Northern Virginia (CSA) and begins to push McClellan to
retreat and leave the Peninsula.
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During the battles around Richmond a new type of
weapon is being readied on both sides of the conflict. The weapon is an Ironclad (a ship
made or covered with iron plating) whose skin is virtually impenetrable by cannon fire.
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Monitor vs.Monitor vs. Merrimack (Virginia)Merrimack (Virginia)
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After successive victories at the Seven Days and 2nd Bull Run/Manassas, Lee turns his attention to
forcing the Union Army out of Virginia. He leads them
quietly into Maryland.
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At the Battle of Antietam, MD, Union General George McClellan fails to destroy Lee’s army and though not completely achieving victory forces
the Army of Northern Virginia to retreat back across the Potomac;
southern hopes for assistance cling to Great Britain; Trent Affair
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While many White Americans are enlisting
and fighting, Former Slaves and free Black are itching for the chance to fight for there freedoms.
Blacks are enlisted on both sides (USA in 1863 and
CSA in 1864)
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Lincoln uses the “Victory” at Antietam to justify issuing
the Emancipation Proclamation freeing slaves
held in areas no longer in the united states. This is to
become effective on January 1, 1863
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While Lee retreats, a new commander of the Army of the Potomac(USA) is hired (Burnside) and pushes Lee
further south to Frederickburg. After
defeating this Federal force both sides rest for the
winter.
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Many who are wealthy enough to do so hire
substitutes to take their place in the war, those
substitutes promptly desert and continue playing the
con game and get paid for it… large bonuses are paid
to recruits…Draft Riots erupt in New York City
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Radical Republicans - believed that slavery was the main reason for the
war…their power increases in the
congressional elections of 1862, 1864, & 1866
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After the spring thaws of 1863 both armies begin to move, Lee to the west and the new
Union commander Joseph Hooker toward
Fredericksburg and the west, he makes his headquarters in
a tavern and hotel called Chancellorsville.
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During the Civil War more people died from disease and infection than from actual battle wounds. Lack of sanitary conditions and
horrific wounds led to amputation and usually death, common injuries
which we now consider flesh wounds would kill a large majority
of men.
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Throughout the war there many issues, many centered around the
treatment of captured troops. Women also came to the forefront
as nurses, factory workers, and some even managed to follow their loved ones into battle. People such as Clara Barton,
Dorthea Dix, terms such as Red Cross, Sanitary Commission and
P.O.W.’s. On the lips of many Unionists was the infamous name
Andersonville…
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After the victories of Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville, Lee was fully manned and primed for another
invasion of the North, he needed to bring much needed relief to the citizens of Virginia
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Gettysburg
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The Confederate Cause Hits a brick wall with the losses at
Gettysburg on July 3rd and the culmination of the Vicksburg Siege on July 4th. These two events turned the tide of the
war forever in the favor of the Union Army. Before the battle the Union had known nothing but defeat, after, nothing but
victory
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In November of 1863 Lincoln’s gives his
“appropriate remarks” at the dedication of a
cemetery to the dead at Gettysburg. Edward
Everett remarks of the speech “you said in two minutes what I tried to
say in 2 hours.”
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The year 1864 was rang in with much more fanfare than
the previous year. There was to be a Presidential election. In March, U.S. (unconditional surrender)
Grant becomes Union commander, and the Union
army is winning
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In the Western Theater General William Tecumseh Sherman
(Grant’s replacement) Captures Atlanta in September of 1864 and shortly thereafter begins his “March to the Sea” brings total war on the South. This
march culminates in the capture and Christmas present
of Savannah Georgia to Abraham Lincoln who had just won re-election in November.
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In Early April, Lee’s Petersburg line fails,
forcing him to evacuate his lines and head west. By so doing, he leaves Richmond undefended.
The Confederate capitol falls on April 2nd, 1865…Davis
escapes south
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Surrounded and out numbered, Lee surrenders
the Army of Virginia at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9th…the war in
the East is over
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The End in the East; The End in the East; April 9April 9thth, 1865, 1865
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To celebrate the long awaited victory the Lincoln’s on Good Friday make their way to the
theater to watch a British comedy; “Our American Cousin.” As he sat enjoying the play a popular young
southern actor: John Wilkes Booth, shoots the President in the
head and jumps onto the stage breaking his leg
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Booth is able to limp off the stage yelling “Sic Semper tyrannis” He was later burned alive in a barn in Virginia. This assassination was
part of a larger plot which ended in the wounding or mauling of several top political figures.
Booth’s accomplices were later caught and executed.
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After the execution of the Lincoln Conspirators. A war crimes trial was
held for the commandant of the infamous Andersonville Prison in
Georgia; Henry Wirz. By presiding over conditions leading to the death of 12,000 POW’s Wirz was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was the only person found guilty of war crimes
during the Civil War.
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Thus ends the most tumultuous Thus ends the most tumultuous period in American History. period in American History. Over four years and 600,000 Over four years and 600,000
deaths later. America now had deaths later. America now had an answer to its peculiar an answer to its peculiar
institution and whether any institution and whether any state was allowed to withdraw state was allowed to withdraw
from the Unionfrom the Union