a guide to evaluating pavement distress · general distress evaluation rules ... this manual is...

10/01/2010

A GUIDE TO EVALUATING PAVEMENT DISTRESS THROUGH

THE USE OF DIGITAL IMAGES

Version 2.6

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Maintenance Division

November 2012

VDOT Maintenance Division Pavement Management

10/01/2010

Comments should be directed to: Tanveer Chowdhury, P.E. Assistant Division Administrator Maintenance Division, VDOT 1401 E. Broad Street Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 786-0694 (W) (804) 786- 0628 (F) [email protected]


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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1: General Requirements .......................................................................................... 2 General Data Collection Requirements ...................................................... 2 General Distress Definition Rules ............................................................... 2 General Distress Evaluation Rules ............................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Rating Bituminous Concrete (Asphalt) Pavement (BIT, BOJ, BOC) ................. 4 1. General .................................................................................................... 4 2. Transverse Cracking ............................................................................... 7 3A. Longitudinal Cracking ......................................................................... 9 3B. Longitudinal Lane Joint Cracking ........................................................ 11 4. Alligator Cracking .................................................................................. 13 5. Patching ................................................................................................... 16 6. Potholes ................................................................................................... 17 7. Delaminations ......................................................................................... 18 8. Bleeding .................................................................................................. 19 9. Rutting ..................................................................................................... 21 10. Summary ............................................................................................... 22 Chapter 3: Rating Overlays of PCC Pavement (BOJ, BOC) ................................................ 23 1. General .................................................................................................... 23 2. Reflection Cracking Over Joints in Underlying PCC Pavement ............ 24 3. Other Distresses in Overlays of PCC Pavements .................................... 29 4. Summary ................................................................................................. 29 Chapter 4: Rating Jointed PCC Pavement (JCP) .................................................................... 30 1. General .................................................................................................... 30 2. Corner Breaks ......................................................................................... 31 3. Joint Seal Condition ................................................................................ 33 4. Spalling of Transverse Joints .................................................................. 34 5. Spalling of Longitudinal Joints ............................................................... 35 6. Transverse Cracking ............................................................................... 36 7. Longitudinal Cracking ............................................................................ 38 8. Divided Slabs .......................................................................................... 40 9. Blowups .................................................................................................. 41 10. PCC Patch / Patch Deterioration .......................................................... 42 11. Asphalt Patch ........................................................................................ 44 12. Fatigue Slab .......................................................................................... 44 13. Summary ............................................................................................... 45


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Chapter 5: Rating Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRC) ............................. 45 1. General .................................................................................................... 45 2. Transverse Cracking ............................................................................... 46 3. Clustered Cracking ................................................................................. 49 4. Punchouts and Spalled "Y" Cracks ........................................................ 51 5. PCC Patch / Patch Deterioration ............................................................ 53 6. Asphalt Patches ................................................................................................ 55 7. Longitudinal Cracking ............................................................................ 56 8. Longitudinal Joint Spalling ..................................................................... 58 9. Longitudinal Pavement/Shoulder Joint Seal Condition ......................... 59 10. Summary ............................................................................................... 60 Chapter 6: Rating Shoulders ....................................................................................................... 61 1. General ..................................................................................................... 61 2. Shoulder Types ........................................................................................ 61 3. Shoulder Width ........................................................................................ 61 4. Shoulder Condition .................................................................................. 61 5. Deficient Slope......................................................................................... 62 6. Build-up ................................................................................................... 62 7. Drop-off ................................................................................................... 62 8. Summary .................................................................................................. 63 Chapter 7: Automated/Semi-Automated Data Collection and Rating Procedures ………….. 64 1. Data Collection Requirements ................................................................ 64 2. Data Processing Requirements ............................................................... 65 3. Quality Control and Acceptance ............................................................. 66 References ...................................................................................................................... 68 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 68 Appendices Appendix A, Summary of Pavement Distress Evaluations ........................ A - 1 Appendix B, Glossary of Terms ................................................................. B - 1 Appendix C, Data Delivery Table Formats ................................................ C - 1

VDOT Maintenance Division Introduction Pavement Management

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INTRODUCTION Pavement Management Systems typically use pavement condition data to prioritize pavement maintenance and rehabilitation projects, predict pavement performance, and to develop optimum strategies for the future maintenance and rehabilitation of pavements on the state highway network. Until recently pavement condition data has been gathered annually by teams of evaluators who determine the ranges of four specified distresses on various uniform pavement sections as they drive slowly through the sections. Clearly, such visual surveys result in the exposure of personnel to traffic hazards, impede the flow of traffic, and consume significant resources. Pavement condition data collected in such a way is subjective and may be inconsistent from year to year and from rater to rater. This manual is updated to suit the data collection through digital images, and for automated/semi-automated distress interpretation and processing using those images. Also, included are the wheel-path definitions, condition data delivery format, and QA/QC process diagram. As with any contracted service, certain standards are required for bidding purposes and to manage the work as it progresses. A major purpose of this manual is to provide those standards through clear definitions of pavement distresses as well as clear statements of how distress data are to be collected and how those distresses are to be evaluated by both contractors and state personnel. Insofar as possible the definitions and data collection and evaluation procedures are compatible with the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Distress Identification Manual (1) and with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer PAVER manual (2). In addition, the procedures are consistent with the Virginia Pavement Management System method of combining distresses into pavement condition indices called LDR, and NDR (3). Further, a guideline for the format of this manual is a similar manual developed and used by the Connecticut Department of Transportation (4). Finally, pavement performance data collection protocols developed by the Federal Highway Administration (5) have been used where applicable. Pavement distress data in Virginia is used to determine pavement condition index values which in turn are used to make pavement management, maintenance and rehabilitation estimations. For flexible pavements, three distress index values have been defined. The load related distress index (LDR) is a deduct based index having a value of 100 when the pavement being evaluated has no discernible load related distress. Deduct points are assigned for each of the distresses that are load related. The magnitude of the deduct is related to the distress type as well as the severity and frequency of occurrence of that distress and weighted to those distresses that are more detrimental to pavement performance. The non-load related distress index (NDR) is defined similar to the LDR except the distresses assigned to the index are non-load related. The critical condition index (CCI) is defined as the lower of the LDR and NDR, and is used as a “one measure” indicator of overall pavement condition (6). Similar types of deduct values are also used for rigid pavements. For jointed reinforced concrete pavements (JRC) the index value is the slab distress rating (SDR) which addresses distresses visible on the surface of the slab. In the case of continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP), two index values are defined. The concrete punchout rating (CPR) relates to the punchout distresses and the concrete distress rating (CDR) is determined by the amount of cracking, patching and spalling within the pavement (7).

VDOT Maintenance Division General Requirements Pavement Management

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CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. Equipment requirements: Distance measuring, laser, and imaging equipment shall meet the specifications, calibration

requirements, and quality control requirements given in Appendix C. For distress evaluation purposes a major requirement is that digital images be of sufficient resolution to identify cracking of 1/8 inch width in the downward perspective and ¼ inch width in the forward perspective when traveling at survey speeds.

2. Portion of the pavement to be imaged: Cover the full pavement surface of the rightmost (travel) lane with downward digital images

covering a width of 14 feet. PCC pavements will typically have well defined longitudinal joints at both edges. Lane width will typically be 10-12 ft. and will be captured in the images. Right of way images are required for both the left and right edges of the roadway. A camera or cameras capable of collecting the left and right shoulders shall be used.

3. When roadway impediments force the survey vehicle to leave the normal travel lane the

operators shall make note of the exception. In such cases, the "lane" field of the database shall be coded appropriately with the lanes numbered from right to left in the direction of travel.

4. Pavement images are not collected during rain, snow, or under other conditions contributing to

poor pavement visibility. GENERAL DISTRESS DEFINITION RULES 1. Distress Evaluation Summary Tables:

Tables summarizing the distress evaluation procedures are grouped in Appendix A. 2. Definitions: A glossary of most of the pavement terms used in this manual is included as Appendix B. 3. Data Delivery Tables: Appendix C contains the data delivery tables and formats for ACP, JRC, CRC and shoulder

distress ratings. 4. When the "remarks" field is used there is a 20 character limit so most remarks must be

abbreviated. GENERAL DISTRESS EVALUATION RULES The following rules are applicable to all types of pavement and are intended to ensure good quality evaluations of all distresses visible on the digital images and of all parameters measured by lasers. 1. Rate the full width of the lane represented on the computer monitors. When pavement striping

VDOT Maintenance Division General Requirements Pavement Management

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is visible for the roadway, rate from the inside edges of the pavement stripes (project the stripes through images when necessary). On roadways with no striping, rate a 10 foot width of pavement, beginning at the right edge.

2. Skip portions of the images falling on bridge approach slabs and bridge decks. The forward

view camera will provide a means of determining when exceptions are being approached. 3. It is often necessary to review distressed areas several times in order to correctly characterize

pavement condition. 4. In general, distress types will be as defined in the LTPP Distress Identification Manual (1).

Most distresses will be rated according to levels of severity of 1 or 2 with the higher number indicating more severe distress. In cases where it is practical to do so a third severity level of 3 is used. The extent of distress for each type is determined as described under the distress evaluation and will be quantified in terms of linear feet, square feet, or other quantity as applicable.

5. As a “general

” quality control check, the total length of longitudinally measured distress of all severity levels should not normally exceed the length of pavement surveyed. For example, if 1000 linear feet of pavement is evaluated there can be no more than 1000 linear feet of cracking in the right wheel path and 1000 linear feet in the left wheel path. If this “general rule” is routinely broken, there is quite likely a problem with the data.

6. Raters should be especially cautious about rating pavement features (distresses or maintenance activities) where the color change between the pavement and the feature may be so subtle that the feature is hard to see in the pavement (downward) view, but may be visible in the forward view. Examples are skin patching and bleeding of flexible pavements and full width repairs of rigid pavements. Such features sometimes indicate serious hidden distress so their detection is important to proper pavement evaluation. For this reason, the proper evaluation process requires that the rater makes one pass through the forward perspective view prior to the detailed evaluation.

During this initial pass the rater should note the presence and approximate locations of “hidden” features so they will not be missed in the detailed rating.

7. Overlays of jointed concrete pavements are considered bituminous concrete surfaced pavements and classified as BOJ. Likewise, overlays of continuously reinforced concrete pavement are considered bituminous concrete surfaced pavements and classified as BOC. Therefore, these overlaid pavements should be rated following the process and definitions from bituminous concrete distresses (Chapter 2) with the exception of the unique distresses discussed in Chapter 3 for bituminous over PCC.

VDOT Maintenance Division Bituminous Concrete Pavement Management

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CHAPTER 2 – RATING BITUMINOUS CONCRETE (ASPHALT) PAVEMENT (BIT, BOJ, BOC)

1. GENERAL a. Being careful to capture all the distresses visible on the images, rate the pavement

continuously as the images progress. On some pavements, especially in moderately distressed conditions, it may be necessary to review portions of the pavement several times as it may be impossible to capture all features in one pass.

b. Continue the rating process through utility patches as if the patch did not exist. Do not

count the edges as cracks. Also make sure that distress within the patch is NOT rated separately from the patch.

c. Assume there is cracking under all crack sealant and rate accordingly. d. In many cases the instructions refer to “open” or “closed” cracks. In those cases, the

rater may use ¼ inch as the guide criteria. Cracks judged to be equal to or less than ¼ inch wide would be considered "closed" and those more than ¼ inch wide would be considered "open".

e. In other cases, the terminology "significant" is used with reference to the length of

crack effected, etc. In such cases, ¼ of the crack length (25%)

is defined as a significant portion of the length.

f. The following four figures define the location and size of the left and right wheel path as well as the center lane. Lane edges are defined as the inside edge of the pavement markings projected for the roadway. On roadways where no pavement markings exist, rate a 10 foot width of pavement, beginning at the right edge.


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Traffic

Left Edge

3.5 ft 3.5 ft 3.5 ft

Variable Width (min.=6 in.)

Right Wheel PathLane Center ZoneLeft Wheel Path

(1) Lane Width 12 ft or higher

Variable Width (min.=6 in.)

Right Edge

Left Edge Pavement Marking

Right Edge Pavement Marking

Traffic

Left Edge

3.5 ft6 inch

Variable Width(0 ~ 3.5 ft) 3.5 ft 6 inch

Right Wheel PathLane Center ZoneLeft Wheel Path

(2) 8.0 ft ≤ Lane Width < 11.5 ft

Right Edge




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Traffic

Left Edge

3.5 ft 3.5 ft

Right Wheel PathLeft Wheel Path

(3) 7.0 ft ≤ Lane Width < 8.0 ft

Variable Width(0 ~ 6 in.)

Variable Width(0 ~ 6 in.)

Right Edge



Traffic

Right Wheel PathLeft Wheel Path

(4) Lane Width < 7.0 ft

Variable Width(0 ~ 3.5 ft)

Variable Width(0 ~ 3.5 ft)




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2. TRANSVERSE CRACKING Description Transverse cracks are random cracks that run predominantly across the road

(perpendicular to the pavement centerline), but not over the joints in an underlying jointed concrete pavement (see reflection crack evaluation in Chapter 3). The presence of transverse cracking will reduce the NDR index value. Report in Field Names NT_CR1_LF and NT_CR2_LF (Appendix C, Table 1).

Severity Levels Severity 1 A crack with the sealant in good condition such that the crack width

cannot be determined,

or

A closed

, unsealed crack.

Transverse Cracking - Severity Level 1


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Severity 2

An open

, unsealed crack,

or

Any crack (sealed or unsealed) with adjacent (within 1 foot) random cracking.

How to Count (linear feet) The rater records length of transverse cracks at each severity level. The pavement rater

should evaluate each crack by highest severity level present on a significant portion of the crack as it is traversed.


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3A. LONGITUDINAL CRACKING Description Longitudinal cracks are those running predominately parallel to the centerline of the roadway,

but not over joints in an underlying concrete pavement (see joint reflection cracking in Chapter 3). However, for rating purposes, only longitudinal cracks outside the wheel paths are counted as longitudinal. Those inside the wheel paths are counted as severity (1) alligator cracks (see below). The presence of longitudinal cracking outside of the wheel paths will reduce the NDR index value. Report in Field Names NL_CR1_LF and NL_CR2_LF (Appendix C, Table 1).

Severity Levels Severity 1 A crack with the sealant in good condition such that the crack width cannot

be estimated,

or

A closed

, unsealed crack.

Longitudinal Cracking - Severity Level 1


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Severity 2

An open

, unsealed crack,

or

Any crack (sealed or unsealed) with adjacent random cracking.

How to Count (linear feet) The minimum length of longitudinal cracking counted is 1 foot. Only longitudinal

cracking outside the wheel paths is counted as longitudinal and each occurrence is counted separately. Longitudinal cracking in the wheel paths is counted as Severity 1 alligator cracking. The pavement rater should measure the length of each crack by severity level as it is traversed. Rate each crack at the highest severity level present on a significant portion of the crack. The rater reports the total length of cracking by severity level for the section.

Longitudinal Cracking - Severity Level 2


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3B. LONGITUDINAL LANE JOINT CRACKING Description The rater is cautioned to evaluate longitudinal paving joints (typically near the edges of the

lane) with extreme caution. A longitudinal paving joint is only classified as a distress when the joint has cracked and will allow water to penetrate the joint. The presence of longitudinal lane joint cracking will reduce the NDR index value. Report in Field Names NL_JT1_LF and NL_JT2_LF (Appendix C, Table 1).

Severity Levels Severity 1 A longitudinal paving joint with the sealant in good condition such that the

width cannot be estimated,

or

An open

, unsealed joint.


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Severity 2 The longitudinal paving joint must be cracked with severe spalling or

adjacent random cracking to be classified as severity level 2. How to Count (linear feet) The minimum length of longitudinal lane joint cracking counted is 1 foot. The

pavement rater should measure the length of each crack by severity level as it is traversed. Rate each crack at the highest severity level present on a significant portion of the crack. The rater reports the total length of cracking by severity level for the section.

1

Longitudinal Lane Joint Cracking - Severity Level 2

Longitudinal Lane Joint Cracking - Severity Level 1


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4. ALLIGATOR CRACKING Description Alligator cracking, often referred to as fatigue cracking, occurs in areas subjected to repetitive

wheel loads and for rating purposes is only found in the wheel paths. Alligator cracking typically begins as longitudinal cracking in the wheel paths which develops over time to a series of interconnected cracks having a chicken wire or "alligator hide" pattern. The presence of alligator cracking will reduce the LDR index value. Report in Field Names NA_CR1_SF, NA_CR2_SF and NA_CR3_SF (Appendix C, Table 1).

Severity Levels Severity 1

A single sealed or unsealed longitudinal crack in the wheel path,

or

An area of cracks with no or few interconnecting cracks with no spalling.

Alligator Cracking - Severity Level 1


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Severity 2 An area of interconnecting cracks forming the characteristic alligator pattern;

may have slight spalling. Severity 3 An area of moderately or severely spalled cracks forming the characteristic

alligator pattern.




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How to Count (square feet) Considering only the left and right wheel paths, measure the affected area (square feet)

at each severity level. Consider only one severity level for a given area. If different severity levels in an area cannot be distinguished, rate the area at the highest severity level. The width of alligator cracking shall be the actual width while a minimum width for all severity levels shall be 1 foot. Report the square feet of alligator cracking by severity level for the section.


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5. PATCHING Description Patches are areas of the pavement surface that have been removed and replaced or

where additional material has been placed on the pavement surface to cover cracking or other distress. Wheel path and non-wheel path patching is to be counted separately. The presence of patching will reduce the NDR if occurring outside of the wheel path or the LDR index value if located within the wheel path. Report in Field Names NPA_WP_SF and NPA_NWP_SF (Appendix C, Table 1).

Severity Levels Not Applicable.

How to Count (square feet) Patches with a longest dimension of less than 6 inches are not counted. If a patch is full-

lane width, the maximum size is 0.25 miles, otherwise (i.e. not full lane width), there is no maximum size. The rater should measure area of the patch. The patches shall be reported in square feet of patching for the area in the wheel path and square feet of patching for the area out of the wheel path.


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6. POTHOLES Description Potholes are bowl shaped holes in the pavement surface, usually extending through more than

one pavement layer. The presence of pot holes will reduce the LDR index value. Report in Field Name NPOT_NO. (Appendix C, Table 1).


How to Count (number) Potholes with a longest dimension of less than or equal to 6 inches are not counted.

The rater should report the number of potholes in the section.


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7. DELAMINATIONS Description A delamination is an area of pavement surface missing due to the loss of adhesion between the

surface and underlying layers. Delaminations typically are one layer thick, i.e. the thickness of the surface course. They may range from one-foot square to hundreds of square feet in extent and often occur in the wheel paths or along shoulders. The presence of delaminations will reduce the LDR index value. Report in Field Name NDELAM_SF (Appendix C, Table 1).


How to Count (square feet) Delaminations with a longest dimension of less than 6 inches are not counted. The rater

reports the square feet of delaminations in a pavement section.


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8. BLEEDING Description Bleeding is the presence of excessive liquid bituminous material on the pavement surface. The

surface may be shiny or glass-like and reflective. It may also be tacky to the touch, especially in warm weather. Bleeding is usually found in the wheel paths. The presence of bleeding will reduce the NDR index value. Report in Field Names NBLEED1_SF, and NBLEED2_SF (Appendix C, Table 1).

Severity Levels Severity 1 Pavement surface that is discolored relative to the remainder of the surface due

to excessive liquid asphalt.


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Severity 2 Excessive liquid asphalt gives the pavement surface a shiny appearance; tire

marks may be evident in warm weather.

How to Count (Square feet) For each severity level record the square feet of bleeding. The rater is cautioned that it

may be necessary to review images from a forward perspective view in order to detect the presence of bleeding, especially for severity level 1. Report the square feet of bleeding by severity level for the section.


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9. Rutting Description Rutting is the longitudinal surface depression in the wheel path. It may have associated

transverse displacement. Rutting is collected using laser sensors which provide a transverse profile of the pavement surface. A minimum of twelve points are required to calculate the rut depths. Rut depths are calculated following the “straight edge” method as defined in ASTM E1703/E1703M-95(2005). The presence of rutting will reduce the LDR index value. Report in Field Names NRUT_S_Avg and NRUT_W_AVG (Appendix C, Table 1).

Severity Levels Severity levels are defined by the average rut depths reported for each 0.1 mile

segment. Severity None Less than 0.25 inches Severity 1 Greater than or equal to 0.25 inches but less than 0.50 inches

An Example of Rutting


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Severity 2 Greater than or equal to 0.5 inches but less than 0.65 inches Severity 3

Greater than 0.65 inches How to Count (Severity Level for 0.1 mile) Rutting is reported as the average severity for the 0.1 mile section. The

transverse profile is collected at prescribed intervals along the pavement. The maximum left and right rut depths are then computed from these profiles using two different methods. The first is a six foot straight-edge process which is currently being used in the index calculations. The second method is the wire-line method which is being reported for future study information. The maximum rut depths, for the left and right wheel paths respectively, are then averaged over a 0.1 mile section.

10. SUMMARY A summary of asphalt concrete distress rating procedures is given in Appendix A, Table 1.

VDOT Maintenance Division Bituminous Concrete Overlay of Jointed PCC Pavement Management

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CHAPTER 3 - RATING BITUMINOUS OVERLAYS PCC PAVEMENT (BOJ, BOC) 1. GENERAL A bituminous overlay of a PCC pavement is a special class of asphalt concrete surfaced

pavement. In the case of a bituminous overlay over a jointed concrete pavement (BOJ), the distinguishing feature is uniformly spaced straight transverse reflection cracks over transverse joints in the underlying jointed PCC pavement. Similar straight longitudinal reflection cracks may occur over the longitudinal joints in the PCC pavement. In the case of a bituminous overlay over a continuously reinforced concrete pavement (BOC), the distinguishing feature is straight longitudinal reflection cracks over the longitudinal joints.

The rating of reflection cracks comprises the major issue in this Chapter. Additional distresses

occurring on the surface of overlays of PCC pavements are rated in the same manner as for other asphalt concrete pavements. While the rating procedures are very similar to those for other asphalt concrete surfaced pavements, it is important to identify the underlying PCC pavement whenever possible as different rehabilitation alternatives apply. Whenever possible, the contractor will be provided a listing of overlaid PCC pavement sections before work begins in a district. These pavements are classified as BOJ or BOC in the VDOT system.


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2. REFLECTION CRACKING OVER JOINTS IN UNDERLYING PCC PAVEMENT Description Reflection cracks in asphalt concrete overlays of PCC pavements occur over joints in

that underlying pavement. In the absence of an accurate pavement history, the presence of uniformly spaced, straight, transverse cracks are an indicator of an underlying jointed PCC pavement. As with other asphalt concrete pavements, the rater may use a width of ¼ inch as the dividing line between "closed" and "open" cracks. In addition, for this type of pavement, a third severity level comprised of the deterioration of the joint being reflected through to the surface exhibited by multiple cracks or an area of random cracking is defined. Transverse reflection cracks in asphalt concrete overlays of PCC pavements (i.e., BOJ and BOC pavements) occur over joints of the underlying pavement. All the cracks appearing due to the movement at one joint should be reported as a single reflective crack.

The presence of reflection cracking will reduce the NDR index value. Report in Field Names NRT_CR1_LF, NRT_CR2_LF and NRT_CR3_LF (Appendix C, Table 1).


A crack with the sealant in good condition such that the crack width cannot be determined,

or

A closed, unsealed crack.

Transverse Reflection Cracking – Severity Level 1


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Severity 2

A crack with width more than or equal to ¼ inches but less than ¾ inches;

or

A crack with width less than ¾ inches and with adjacent (within 1 foot) random cracking;

and

One level-1 or level-2 crack with an adjacent (within 1 foot) level-1 crack is rated as one crack of level 2.

Traffic

A crack with width less than ¼ inches is rated as a level-1 transverse crack

< ¼ inches


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Traffic

A crack with width more than or equal to ¼inches but less than ¾ inches is rated as a level-2 transverse crack

≥ ¼ inches and < ¾ inches

Traffic

< ¾ inches

A crack with width less than ¾ inches and with adjacent (within 1 foot) random cracking is rated as a level-2 crack

Traffic

One level-1 or level-2 crack with an adjacent (within 1 foot) level-1 crack is rated as one crack of level 2

Level-1 crack

Level-1 or level-2 crack

≤ 1 foot


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Severity 3

• A crack with width more than or equal to ¾ inches;

or

• A crack with width more than ¼ inches and with deterioration for a width greater than 6 inches;

and

• Two adjacent (within 1 foot) level-2 and/or level-3 cracks are rated as one crack of level 3.

Traffic

≥ ¾ inches

A crack with width more than or equal to ¾ inches is rated as a level-3 transverse crack

Traffic

A crack with width more than or equal to ¼ inches and with deterioration for a width greater than 6 inches is rated as a level-3 crack

> 6 inches≥ ¼ inches


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How to Count

Transverse Reflection Cracking

The rater records length of transverse cracks at each severity level. Only one transverse crack is reported for each underlying joint. Evaluate each crack by highest severity level present on a significant portion of the crack as it is traversed.

Longitudinal Reflection Cracking

The minimum length of longitudinal cracking counted is 1 foot. Only longitudinal cracking outside the wheel paths is counted as longitudinal and each occurrence is counted separately. Longitudinal cracking in the wheel paths is counted as Severity 1 alligator cracking. Measure the length of each crack by severity level as it is traversed. Rate each crack at the highest severity level present on a significant portion of the crack. The rater reports the total length of cracking by severity level for the section.

Traffic



≤ 1 foot

Two adjacent (within 1 foot) level-2 and/or level-3 cracks are rated as one crack of level 3


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3. OTHER DISTRESSES IN OVERLAYS OF PCC PAVEMENTS Most distresses other than reflection cracking, normally occurring in overlays of PCC

pavements, also occur in other asphalt concrete pavements. Raters are referred to Chapter 2 for the procedures to use in rating those distresses.

4. SUMMARY A summary of distress rating procedures for asphalt concrete overlays of PCC pavement that

are in addition to those in Table 1 are given in Appendix A, Table 2.

VDOT Maintenance Division Jointed Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Management

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CHAPTER 4 - RATING JOINTED PCC PAVEMENT (JCP) 1. GENERAL a. Being careful to capture all the distresses visible on the images, rate the pavement, slab

by slab as the images progress. On some pavements, especially in moderately distressed conditions, it may be necessary to review portions of the pavement several times as it may be impossible to capture all features in one pass. For jointed PCC pavements, the number of slabs affected by each distress type is what is important. For those purposes, full-width repairs greater than 6 feet in length are considered as separate slabs. It is also necessary to count the total number of joints in the section.

The joints at all full-width greater than six feet long repairs are counted as additional joints.

b. In many cases the instructions refer to "open" or closed" cracks. In those cases, the rater may use as guide criteria a crack width of ¼ inch. Then, cracks judged to be equal to or less than ¼ inch wide would be considered "closed" and those greater than ¼ inch wide would be considered "open".


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2. CORNER BREAKS Description A corner break is a portion of the slab separated by a crack, which intersects the transverse joint

at one end of the slab and the longitudinal joint on one side of the slab and having a minimum dimension greater than six (6) inches. The crack makes approximately a 45° angle with the direction of travel. Report in Field Names NC_BRK1_NS and NC_BRK2_NS (Appendix C, Table 2).

Severity Levels Severity 1 The crack is spalled for no more than 1/4th

of its length and the corner break is in one piece.

Severity 2 The crack is spalled for more than 1/4th

of its length,

or

The corner break is in two or more pieces.


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How to Count (Number of slabs) Count the number of slabs containing one or more corner break(s). For two or more

breaks, the highest level of severity should be recorded. For example, a slab containing both level 1 and level 2 corner breaks would be counted as a slab containing a level 2 corner break.


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3. JOINT SEAL CONDITION Description A joint seal is considered to be damaged whenever the seal will permit the infiltration of water

and incompressible materials from the surface. A sealed joint is defined as one that appears from the image to be capable of resisting the infiltration of surface water. For the purposes of rating seal condition from images, joints are considered to be either fully sealed or unsealed, i.e. if any portion of the joint appears to be unsealed the entire joint is considered to be unsealed. Report in Field Name NT_J_FS_NS for transverse joints and NL_J_FS_NS for longitudinal joints (Appendix C, Table 2).

Transverse Joint Seal Condition Record the number of transverse joints which are fully sealed in the section. Longitudinal Joint Seal Condition Record the number of slabs having fully sealed longitudinal joints in the section. For

seal evaluation purposes, assess segments of longitudinal joints between transverse joints and classify each segment as either fully sealed or unsealed.


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4. SPALLING OF TRANSVERSE JOINTS Description Breaking or chipping of slab edges along and within one foot of a transverse joint.

Spalls may be filled with asphalt concrete. Report in Field Name NT_J_SP_NS (Appendix C, Table 2).

Severity Levels Not Applicable

How to Count (Number of slabs) Count the number of slabs with joint spalling. The rater should note that joint seal condition, described in item 3 above, should be

evaluated at the same time as joint spalling. It is described separately because of the difference in counting procedures.


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5. SPALLING OF LONGITUDINAL JOINTS Description Breaking or chipping of slab edges along and within one foot of a longitudinal joint.

Spalls may be filled with asphalt concrete. Report in Field Name NL_J_SP_NS (Appendix C, Table 2).

Severity Levels Not Applicable

How to Count (Number of slabs) Count the number of slabs with joint spalling. Spalls on slabs in the adjacent lane are

not counted, but should be noted in the remarks field. The rater should note that joint seal condition, described in item 3 above, should be

evaluated at the same time as joint spalling. It is described separately because of the difference in counting procedures.


36 10/01/2010

6. TRANSVERSE CRACKING Description Transverse cracks are those running predominantly across the pavement (perpendicular to the

pavement centerline). Report in Field Names NT_CR1_NS and NT_CR2_NS (Appendix C, Table 2).

Severity Levels Severity 1 A crack that is well sealed so the width cannot be determined,

or

A closed crack that has no spalling.

Transverse Cracking – Severity Level 1


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Severity 2 An open crack,

or

Any spalled crack.

How to Count (Number of slabs) Count each slab containing a transverse crack more than a foot long. In addition: If a slab contains two or more cracks count the highest severity level found. Slabs broken into 4 or more pieces are counted as divided slabs.


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7. LONGITUDINAL CRACKING Description Cracks that are predominantly parallel to the pavement centerline. Report in Field Names

NL_CR1_NS and NL_CR2_NS (Appendix C, Table 2). Severity Levels Severity 1 A crack that is well sealed so the width cannot be determined,

or

A closed crack that has no spalling.

Longitudinal Cracking – Severity Level 1


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Severity 2 An open crack,

or

Any spalled crack.

How to Count (Number of slabs) Count each slab containing a longitudinal crack more than a foot long. In addition: If a slab contains two or more cracks count the highest severity level found. Slabs broken into 4 or more pieces are counted as divided slabs.


40 10/01/2010

8. DIVIDED SLABS Description A divided slab is one broken into four or more pieces by transverse cracks, longitudinal cracks,

or a combination of the two. Report in Field Name NDIV_NS (Appendix C, Table 2). Severity Levels Not Applicable. How to Count (Number of slabs) Count the number of divided slabs in the section. For divided slabs no other distress is

counted

(i.e. the slab needs to be replaced).


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9. BLOWUPS Description A blowup is a localized upward movement of the pavement surface at transverse joints or

cracks, often accompanied by shattering of the concrete in the area. Report in Field Name NBLOW_NS (Appendix C, Table 2).

Severity Levels Not applicable although

ride quality may be very severely affected.

How to Count (Number of slabs) Record the number of slabs having blowups. Blowups at cracks count as one slab.

Blowups at joints count as two slabs.


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10. PCC PATCH / PATCH DETERIORATION Description A portion greater than 1 square foot, up to the full original slab, that has been removed and

replaced; in some cases additional material that has been added to the surface since original construction. Full width patches greater than 5.5’ in length are considered to be separate slabs and should be rated accordingly. Patches with a longest dimension equal to or less than 6 inches are not counted. Report in Field Names NC_PAT1_NS, NC_PAT2_NS and NC_PAT3_NS (Appendix C, Table 2).

Severity Levels Severity 1 The patch has no distress or at the most severity level 1distress either in the

patch or around its perimeter.

Severity 2

The patch has severity level 2, longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking (or any other severity level 2 distress, but no severity level 3 distress) either in the patch or around its perimeter.


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Severity 3

The patch has spalling, severity 3 longitudinal cracking or transverse cracking (or any other severity level 3 distress) either in the patch or around its perimeter.

How to Count (Number of slabs) Utilize the highest severity level found on each slab. Record the number of slabs in the

section at each severity level.


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11. ASPHALT PATCH Description An asphalt (hot mix) patch of a PCC pavement is a temporary repair of a severely distressed

area. Patches with a longest dimension of 6 inches or less are not

counted. Report in Field Name NA_PAT_NS (Appendix C, Table 2).

Severity Level Not Applicable.

How to Count (Number of slabs) Count all slabs having one or more asphalt concrete patches. 12. FATIGUE SLAB The fatigue slab is needed for HPMS reporting purposes. A fatigue slab is defined as a slab with either transverse cracking, or longitudinal cracking, or a divided slab, or any combination thereof. Even if a slab contains more than one distress that contributes to a fatigue slab definition, the slab is counted as one slab. Corner breaks do not contribute toward the definition of a fatigue slab, although fatigue slabs might have corner breaks.


45 10/01/2010

13. SUMMARY

A summary of the jointed PCC pavement distress rating procedures is given in Appendix A, Table 3.

VDOT Maintenance Division Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Management

46 10/01/2010

CHAPTER 5 – RATING CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT (CRC) 1. GENERAL

a. CRC is a special class of PCC pavement designed with heavy longitudinal reinforcing steel intended to hold shrinkage cracks tightly closed. Therefore, there are few transverse joints except at structures or where paving stopped for the day, etc.

b. Transverse cracks in continuously reinforced pavements are cracks that are

predominantly perpendicular to the pavement centerline. These cracks are expected in a properly functioning CRCP and technically are considered as distresses only if spalling becomes apparent or the average crack spacing is very low.

Crack spacing on a CRCP can be an indicator of how well the pavement performs in the future. For that reason, as a part of CRCP evaluation VDOT requires average transverse crack spacing to be reported.

c. On some pavements, especially in moderately distressed conditions, it may be necessary to review portions of the pavement several times as it may be impossible to capture all features in one pass. Unlike jointed PCC pavements, where distresses are considered on a slab-by-slab basis, for CRCP distresses are summarized for the entire section.

d. In some cases the instructions refer to "open" or closed" cracks. In those cases, the rater

may use as a guide

criterion a crack width of ¼ inch. Then, cracks judged to be equal to or less than ¼ inch wide would be considered "closed" and those greater than ¼ inch wide would be considered "open".


47 10/01/2010

2. TRANSVERSE CRACKING Description While transverse cracks are a design feature of CRCP pavements, those with spalling

can be forerunners of serious pavement performance problems. Therefore, both average transverse crack spacing and an evaluation of spalled transverse cracks are required to properly characterize pavement condition. Unspalled “Y” cracks are to be counted as transverse cracks while spalled "Y" cracks are handled separately below. Report in Field Names NT_CR1, NT_CR2, NT_CR3 and NT_CR_NO (Appendix C, Table 3).


A closed transverse crack with no spalling. Transverse Cracking – Severity Level 1


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Severity 2

An open transverse crack with no spalling.

Severity 3

Any transverse crack with spalling.




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How to Count (linear feet) The pavement rater should evaluate each crack by severity level as it is traversed. Rate

each crack at the highest severity level present on a significant portion of the crack. The rater reports the number of cracks by severity level for the actual length. NOTE: Cracks counted as a part of “Clustered Cracking” below are NOT

counted as separate transverse cracks. Transverse cracks less than half a lane width are not counted; only those that are more than half a lane width are counted. Unspalled “Y” cracks with the divided portion of “Y” more than half a lane width are counted as two transverse cracks, if less than half a lane width it is counted as a single transverse crack.

In addition, a report of average transverse crack spacing to the nearest tenth of a foot (0.1) is required. The software should calculate this average by dividing the total number of cracks into the section length.


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3. CLUSTERED CRACKING

Description Clustered Cracking in CRCP pavements is defined as a group of three or more

transverse cracks having an average spacing of 2 feet or less. Report in Field Names NCL_CR1_NO, NCL_CR2_NO, NCL_CR1_SF and NCL_CR2_SF (Appendix C, Table 3). If the spacing between two consecutive transverse cracks is more than 3 feet, the cluster cracking ends. At the next crack, the next cluster cracking begins or a separate transverse cracking is recorded.


Clusters of three or more transverse cracks having an average spacing greater than 1 foot and less than or equal to 2 feet.

Cluster Cracking – Severity Level 1


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Severity 2

Clustered cracks with an average spacing of less than or equal to 1 foot.

How to Count (Number of occurrences and Square feet) Count and record each cracking cluster by severity level for the section. In addition,

the area of clustered cracking in square feet by severity level shall be reported for the section.

Cluster Cracking – Severity Level 2


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4. PUNCHOUTS AND SPALLED "Y" CRACKS Description A punchout is a localized section of the slab broken into two or more pieces. Often

punchouts are shaped by two closely spaced (usually less than 2 feet) transverse cracks, a short longitudinal crack, and the edge of the pavement or a longitudinal joint. In addition, "Y" cracks with spalling

are considered as incipient punchouts. A “Y” crack is created when one transverse crack begins within another transverse crack and radiates to the edge of pavement forming a Y. Report in Field Names NPUNCH_NO and NPUNCH_SF (Appendix C, Table 3).

Severity Levels Not Applicable. All punchouts and “Y” cracks with spalling are not assigned to a

severity level, since once a punchout occurs it progresses rapidly to the worst severity and has to be patched.


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How to Count (Number of occurrences and square feet) Count and record each punchout and spalled "Y" crack as well as the size in square feet

for the section.

Punchout – No Severity Levels Defined


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5. PCC PATCH / PATCH DETERIORATION Description A portion greater than 1 square foot, up to the full original slab width, that has been

removed and replaced; in some cases additional material that has been added to the surface since original construction. Patches with a longest dimension of less than 6 inches are not counted. Report in Field Names NC_PAT1_SF, NC_PAT2_SF and NC_PAT3_SF (Appendix C, Table 3).


The patch has no distress or at the most severity level 1 CRCP distress either in the patch or around its perimeter.

Severity 2

The patch has any type of severity level 2 CRCP distress (but no severity level 3 distress) either in the patch or around its perimeter.


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Severity 3

The patch has any type of severity level 3 CRCP distress either in the patch or around its perimeter.

How to Count (square feet) Count the area of PCC patching in square feet by severity level found in the pavement

section.

PCC Patch – Severity Level 3


56 10/01/2010

6. ASPHALT PATCHES Description An asphalt (hot mix) patch of a PCC pavement is a temporary repair of a severely

distressed area. Only patches with a longest dimension of greater than 6 inches are counted. Report in Field Name NA_PAT_SF (Appendix C, Table 3).

Severity Level Not Applicable.

How to Count (square feet) Count the area of asphalt patching (one square foot or more) found in the section.


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7. LONGITUDINAL CRACKING Description Cracks that are predominantly parallel to the pavement centerline. Report in Field

Names NL_CR1, NL_CR2 and NL_CR3 (Appendix C, Table 3). Severity Levels Severity 1

A longitudinal crack with no spalling.

Severity 2

A longitudinal crack with less than or equal to ¼ of the crack length containing spalling.



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Severity 3

A longitudinal crack with greater than ¼ of the crack length containing spalling. How to Count (Number and Linear feet) Count cracks greater than 1 foot in length. For the pavement section, record the number

and length of longitudinal cracks (not the length of spalling) at each severity level.




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8. LONGITUDINAL JOINT SPALLING Description Breaking or chipping of slab edges along and within one foot of a longitudinal joint.

Spalls may be filled with asphalt concrete. Report in Field Name NCL_J_SP_LF (Appendix C, Table 3).

Severity Levels Not applicable

How to Count (Linear feet) Record the length of longitudinal joint spalling found in the pavement section.


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9. LONGITUDINAL PAVEMENT / SHOULDER JOINT SEAL CONDITION Description A joint seal is considered damaged whenever the seal will permit the infiltration of

water and incompressible materials from the surface. A sealed joint is defined as one that appears from the image to be capable of resisting the infiltration of surface water. For the purposes of rating pavement/shoulder joint seal condition from images, they are considered to be either fully sealed or unsealed. If greater than 90% of the pavement/shoulder joint appears to be sealed the entire joint is considered to be sealed, otherwise the entire joint is considered to be unsealed. Report in Field Name CCL_J_SEAL (Appendix C, Table 3).

Severity Levels Not applicable

How to Count

Estimate percent of fully sealed longitudinal pavement/shoulder joint in the section. If ninety (90) percent or more appears to be sealed – indicate ‘Y’, otherwise ‘N’.


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10. SUMMARY A summary of continuously reinforced pavement (CRCP) distress rating procedures is given in Appendix A, Table 4.

VDOT Maintenance Division Shoulder Ratings Pavement Management

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CHAPTER 6 – RATING SHOULDERS 1. GENERAL

a. The shoulder is the pavement surface outside the marked lane boundary. Condition assessment of the paved shoulder will be subjective and simple for safety, convenience and efficiency.

b. Both the Right and Left shoulders will be evaluated individually. Evaluations include

the type of surface(s), condition(s), and width(s).

c. A maximum of two different shoulder types are allowed for any given shoulder.

d. No shoulder ratings are required when no pavement stripping occurs on the right or left edge.

2. Shoulder Types Description Shoulder type is to be defined based on five

different categories of shoulder type: curb, gravel, asphalt, concrete, paved combination (asphalt + concrete), unpaved combination (gravel + turf), or none.

3. Shoulder Width Description The rater is to estimate the width of the different shoulder surfaces and record for each

surface type. Widths should be reported based upon the following, if no shoulder is present report 0:

Average material width: 0 feet to 1 foot, report 0 foot 1 to 3 feet, report 2 feet 3 to 6 feet, report 4 feet 6 to 9 feet, report 8 feet Greater than 9 feet, report 12 feet.

4. Shoulder Condition Description There are three severity levels for the condition of the shoulder material. Provide a

condition rating for each material type.


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Severity 1 The shoulder is in relatively good condition. The existing cracks (all types) and break-

up, if any, are very minor. There are no distortions (like pushing or shoving) in the shoulder.

Severity 2 The shoulder is in fair condition. The existing cracks (all types) and break-up could

affect some of the shoulder area but do not affect more than 50% of the shoulder area. There could be some distortions (like pushing or shoving).

Severity 3 The shoulder is in poor condition. The existing cracks (all types) and break-up are

significant and affect more than 50% of the shoulder area. The distortions (like pushing or shoving) in the shoulder, if any, affect a significant portion of the shoulder area that could create a safety hazard if left untreated.

How to count (linear feet)

Entire section length recorded in predominant condition. 5. Deficient Slope Description If the slope of the shoulder is such that water does not drain away from the roadway, it

is said to be deficient slope. There is no severity level for deficient slope. The rater records the length of the shoulder with a deficient slope.

6. Build-up Description Shoulder build-up is defined as vegetation growth or debris build-up that adversely

affects the drainage. No severity levels for build-up exist. The rater records the length build-up along the shoulder.

7. Drop-off Description Shoulder drop-off is the difference in elevation between the traveled surface and the

shoulder. Typically occurs when the outside shoulder settles as a result of pavement layer material differences. Record the length of shoulder experiencing a drop-off equal to or greater than 3 inches.


64 10/01/2010

How to count (linear feet) Might be limited by visual measurement. Record the length of shoulder experiencing a drop-off according to the following severities: Medium: >=1.5 inches and <=3 inches High: >3 inches

8. SUMMARY A summary of left and right shoulder distress rating procedures is given in Appendix A, Table

5.

VDOT Maintenance Division Rating Procedures Pavement Management

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CHAPTER 7 – AUTOMATED/SEMI-AUTOMATED DATA COLLECTION AND RATING PROCEDURES This chapter summarizes the requirements and procedures necessary to collect and process pavement distress information compatible with the VDOT requirements. The objective of automated pavement condition data collection and analysis is to provide and update a database of pavement condition information for use in the management of VDOT pavements. The components of that database are the appropriate location-reference landmarks, the various pavement surface distresses, and the elements of longitudinal and transverse pavement profiles as set forth below. The vendor shall have the demonstrated capability of efficiently collecting pavement condition data through laser and digital camera equipped automated collection equipment and of automatically (or a combination of manual and automatic) reducing images and quantifying visual pavement distresses from the digital images captured. 1. Data Collection Requirements The Asset Management System uses route and mile-point for identifying pavement locations. The mile-points are either route-relative or county-relative locations. The route-relative mile-point is zero at southern or western termini of the route in the state and increases north or east depending on the ordinal direction of the road. The county-relative mile-point is similar but resets the mile-point to zero each time the road crosses a county line. The county-relative mile-point references are converted from the node-offset referencing method as reports are being generated or data is being viewed on-screen. The county relative mile-point system will be used as the linear referencing system for data collected by the vendor. All pavement condition data shall be summarized in one-tenth (0.10) mile sections starting at the mile-point 0.00 beginning at state or county boundaries. Mile points shall increase from south to north and west to east depending on the assigned direction of the route. Where data are to be collected in only one direction the data collection vehicle shall travel in the direction of increasing mileposts. Where it is necessary to run against mileposts the data are to be reported as if run with the mileposts. Therefore, the "to" milepost will always exceed the "from" milepost. The tenth mile sections will be broken at corporate limits, overlaps of higher priority routes, and the next county boundary. At each break of this type, the last section length will be less than one-tenth mile, that length dependent on the distance from the last even one-tenth mile section to the break point. When the end of the break is reached, regardless of the jurisdictional relative mile-point, a new pavement sectioning of one-tenth mile increments shall begin. The standard is that when two or more routes run concurrently on the same location mileposts are assigned to the higher classed route. If routes of the same class run concurrently mileposts are assigned to the lower route number. The general requirements for pavement condition data collected by sensors (IRI, Rutting, and Faulting Data) are that the equipment shall conform to ASTM Designation E1656-94, “Standard Guide for Classification of Automated Pavement Condition Survey Equipment”, or latest version. When multiple data collection vehicles are used, it shall be demonstrated that all vehicles are calibrated to produce between vehicle measurement differences (IRI, rutting data) of 5% or less.


66 10/01/2010

The Contractor shall collect and capture Downward Perspective Images of the pavement surface to produce a full 14-foot width view of the pavement surface for a visual pavement distress condition evaluation. These images shall be collected from downward pointing camera(s), which are orthogonal to the pavement surface. The Contractor must demonstrate that the resultant video image has a resolution to identify cracking of 1/8th inch width when traveling at survey speeds. The Downward Perspective Image shall be collected with a uniform and consistent form of illumination applied to the pavement surface. The illumination shall be regulated to provide sufficient contrast and crack-shadows for the clear discernment of cracking and patching. Images bearing ambient and/or vehicle shadows that obscure pavement features will not be accepted. The Contractor shall collect and capture a Forward Perspective Image of the roadway surface, from a camera pointed ahead of the vehicle and mounted either to the vehicle roof or just inside the windshield. The Forward Perspective Image shall resemble a windshield view of the roadway such that the pavement surface and condition in the travel lane ahead of the survey vehicle shall be captured. The forward perspective image shall have a resolution to identify ¼-inch wide cracks on the pavement immediately ahead of the survey vehicle when traveling at highway speeds. The downward and forward cameras shall be synchronized such that both simultaneously image the same roadway location. 2. Data Processing Requirements The contractor will evaluate pavement surface distresses on 100% of the pavement sections (continuous) utilizing the downward and forward perspective images. The vendor shall use a proven, documented, and demonstrated system for the processing of collected distresses. The reduction of images and processing of distresses should be mostly automated and consistent, with limited manual intervention to meet the requirements herein. For reporting purposes, all distress and sensor collected data shall be summarized and indices calculated separately for each tenth of a mile of roadway and for every homogenous section as provided by VDOT. For the first table, the distresses will be summarized and the indices calculated for every tenth of a mile and for the second table the same information will be summarized for each homogeneous section. The classification of several distresses depends upon the location within the roadway of that distress, that is, whether the distress falls within the wheel path or outside of the wheel path. For this reason, VDOT has identified the road-zones as illustrated in Chapter 2. Each wheel path should always be 3.5 feet wide. The minimum edge width should be 6 inches but it can be larger. The maximum lane center width is 3.5 feet. For roads with narrower lanes the lane center is the variable and should be adjusted depending on the width of the lane. When the lane exceeds 11.5 feet, the edge widths will be greater than 6 inches. The pavement to be included in the ratings is the area between the pavement stripes. Any cracking or other distresses that fall in or beyond the pavement striping is not reported. Paving joints are only considered a distress when they are cracked or open. If a paving joint is visible, but it is not opened up, then no distress is reported.


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If automated pavement distress identification is utilized, the vendor must provide for a semi-automated visual review of all pavement sections prior to submitting results. This review will not only check the reasonableness of the automated ratings, but will specifically identify the presence of crack or joint sealant, patching, bleeding and other distresses which may not be classified in the automated system. 3. Quality Control and Acceptance The contractor shall develop and implement a distress data assessment quality control plan that shall be approved by the VDOT Project Manager before distress data assessment commences. As a minimum, the quality control plan shall provide for internal random assessment of the Contractor’s work and shall be an integral part of the overall quality control plan for the project. A sample quality monitoring flow diagram follows. VDOT will institute an independent validation and verification (IV&V) check that will monitor the Contractor’s assessment of pavement distress data. The Contractor is required to cooperate with VDOT in providing such data as required for analysis. The VDOT plan will provide for final statistical acceptance of the Contractor’s work based on a comparison of pavement condition indices ( for example, LDR and NDR) computed from distress data provided by the contractor (Contractor indices) and distresses determined through IV&V analysis of images provided by the Contractor (IV&V indices). When 90% of the Contractor and IV&V determined indices for randomly selected sections are within 10 points (or the value determined from a D2S evaluation of contractor and VDOT data that has been reviewed and approved by the VDOT Project Manager) of each other, the lot shall be accepted. When the previous criterion is not met, the burden of proof shall be on the Contractor to make any required adjustments and/or reprocessing and for resubmitting the lot at no additional cost to the Department.


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No No

No No

Start Up Process • Control Sites

Control Site

Acceptance (VDOT)

Production Data Collection • Verification

Sites • Image Quality • Field QC • SOP

Data Processing • Automated • Semi-Auto • QA

Internal QA

Independent Verification & Validation

10% Data Review • Data

Completeness • Index Limits

Pass IV&V?

Delivery to VDOT

• Deliverable Files via ftp Site

• Images via

Batch Acceptance (VDOT)

Deliverables • QC Reports

Deliverables • Data • Reports • Documents

Deliverables • QA Reports

PMS Database Video Database

A

A

Deliverables • IV&V Report • Deliverable Tables

Deliverables • QA & IV&V Reports • 0.1 mile Delivery Tbl • Homogenous Section Delivery Tbl

VDOT Maintenance Division References Pavement Management

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REFERENCES 1. Strategic Highway Research Program, "Distress Identification Manual for the Long-Term

Pavement Performance Project", National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1993 2. "User's Guide, Micro PAVER Software Program", US Army Construction Engineering

Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, June 1991. 3. "VA SPMS Document 1-2-1-1 - Pavement Performance Models", Pavement Management

Systems Limited, Ontario, July 1996. 4. Block, Edgardo D., Charles D. Larson, and Robert L. Palmer, "A Guide to Rating Pavement

Structures with the Photolog Laser Videodisc Viewing System", Connecticut Department of Transportation, Newington, CT, September, 1995.

5. "Development of Pavement Performance Data Collection Protocols", U. S. Department of

Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 1996. 6. “Development and Implementation of Pavement Condition Indices for the Virginia Department

of Transportation, Phase I, Flexible Pavements”, K.H. McGhee, September 2002. 7. “Development of Pavement Condition Indices for the Virginia Department of Transportation,

Phase II, Rigid Pavements”, K.H. McGhee, A. Habib, T. Chowdhury, 2002. 8. ASTM Designation: E 1656, "Standard Guide for Classification of Automated Pavement

Condition Survey Equipment", ASTM, 1994. 9. ASTM Designation: E-867, "Standard Terminology Relating to Traveled Surface

Characteristics", ASTM, 1994. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first version of this document was prepared by Kenneth McGhee and Naveed Sami of VDOT in 1998. Subsequent versions were prepared by Tanveer Chowdhury and Affan Habib of the then Maintenance Division. Raja Shekharan and Chen Chen of Asset management Division have updated this version of the document. The contribution of Doug Frith of Quality Engineering Solutions, Inc. and Cory Hackbart of Rodware Group Inc. in the preparation of the current version of this document is gratefully acknowledged.


A - 1 10/01/2010

APPENDIX A - Table 1 Summary of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Distress Evaluation

Distress Type

Linear Cracking • Longitudinal • Transverse

Alligator Cracking Patching Potholes Delamination Bleeding Rutting

Descrip- tion

Cracks running parallel or transverse to the Centerline of the road – If Longitudinal are inside wheelpaths count them as low severity alligator cracking

• One longitudinal crack in the wheel path,

• Interconnected cracks having a chicken wire or "alligator hide pattern"

or

• Areas of pavement replaced,

• Areas of pavement covered with new material

or Bowl shaped holes in surface through more than one layer

Surface lost due to lack of adhesion to lower layers

• Excess asphalt cement,

• Surface appears shiny or glassy

or Longitudinal surface depression in the wheel path

Severity Levels

1

• Sealant good with width indeterminate,

• Closed unsealed crack

or

• Single long. Crack in WP,

• Few interconnecting cracks with no spalling

or

N/A N/A N/A Surface discolored by excess AC

Ave depth equal to or greater than 0.25” but less than 0.5”

2

• Open unsealed crack,

• Crack with adjacent random cracking

or Alligator pattern with no more than slight spalling

N/A NA NA

• Shiny appearance,

• Possible tire marks

or

Ave depth equal to or greater than 0.5” but less than 0.65”

3 N/A

Alligator pattern with moderate or severe spalling

N/A NA NA N/A

Ave depth equal to or greater than 0.65”

How to Count

Trans. = Linear Feet Long. = Linear Feet Square Feet

Square ft. of Wheel and Non Wheel Path

Number Square ft. Square ft.

Average rut depth per 0.1 mile

Other Features Count worst severity

level

Not counted if long dimension not greater than 6 inches



Collect using automated systems

NOTE: CLOSED CRACKS = Less than or equal to ¼ inch in width. OPEN CRACKS = Greater than ¼ inch in width.


A - 2 10/01/2010

APPENDIX A - Table 2 Summary – Additional Distress Evaluation for Asphalt Concrete Overlays of PCC Pavements

Distress Type Reflection Cracking of Transverse Joints

Reflection Cracking of Longitudinal Joints

All Other Distresses (same as for Bituminous Concrete pavement)

Description

Relatively straight Transverse cracks directly over joints in underlying PCC pavement

Relatively straight longitudinal cracks directly over joints in underlying PCC pavement

Same as those for Bituminous Concrete Pavement - See Chapter 2 and/or Table 1

Severity Levels 1

• Sealant good with crack width indeterminate,

• A closed unsealed crack or

• Sealant good with crack width indeterminate,

• A closed unsealed crack or NA

2

• A crack with width more than or equal to ¼ inches but less than ¾ inches;

• A crack with width less than ¾ inches and with adjacent (within 1 foot) random cracking;

• One level-1 or level-2 crack with an adjacent (within 1 foot) level-1 crack is rated as one crack of level 2.

• A crack with width more than or equal to ¼ inches but less than ¾ inches;

• A crack with width less than ¾ inches and with adjacent (within 1 foot) random cracking;

• One level-1 or level-2 crack with an adjacent (within 1 foot) level-1 crack is rated as one crack of level 2.

NA

3







NA

How to Count Linear Feet Linear Feet NA

Other Features Only one reflective crack reported

per underlying joint. If in the wheel path, report as severity level 1 alligator. NA



A - 3 10/01/2010

APPENDIX A - Table 3 Summary of Jointed Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Distress Evaluation

Distress Type Corner Breaks

Linear Cracking • Transverse • Longitudinal

Divided Slabs

Joint Spalling • Transverse • Longitudinal

Joint Seal Condition • Transverse • Longitudinal

Blowups PCC Patch Deterioration/ Asphalt Patching

Description

A Corner Break is defined by an angled crack intercepting one side and one end of a slab.

Cracks running roughly parallel or transverse to the centerline of the road.

A slab broken into 4 or more pieces by cracking.

Breaking or chipping of slab edges along and within 1 foot of a joint.

Joints appearing unsealed or only partially sealed are considered to be unsealed.

Local upward movement at joints or cracks. May include shattering.

A portion > 1 sq. ft. of the slab has been removed and replaced or new material added.

Severity Levels

1

Crack is spalled no more than 1/2 the crack length and the corner break is in one piece.

• A well sealed indeterminate width crack,

• A closed crack with no spalling.

or N/A N/A N/A N/A

No distress in patch or surrounding area.

2

• Crack is spalled more than 1/2 the crack length,

• The corner break is in two or more pieces.

or • An open crack, • Any spalled crack

or N/A N/A N/A N/A

Severity 1 distress of any kind in patch or surrounding area.

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Severity 2 distress of any kind in patch or surrounding area.

How to Count

Count number of slabs with corner breaks.

Count number of slabs with cracking greater than 1-ft. long. Count highest severity level present in slab.

Count the number of divided slabs in the section.

Trans. - No. of slabs at each severity. Long. – No. of slabs at each severity.

Trans. Joint Seal – No. Jts Fully Sealed Long. Joints – No. of Slabs with Fully Sealed Long.Joints.

Count the number of slabs with blowups in the section.

Count the number of slabs with PCC patching. Count the highest severity found.

Other Features

If more than 1 severity, count highest severity present in slab.

Slabs broken into 4 or more pieces are defined as divided slabs.

When a slab is divided no other distress is counted.

Report as highest severity level present

Joints must be sealed for at least 90% of their length to be fully sealed.

Crack blowup is 1 slab. Joint blowup is 2 slabs.

Count the number of slabs with AC patches in the section.



A - 4 10/01/2010

APPENDIX A - Table 4 Summary of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Distress Evaluation

Distress

Type Transverse Cracks Longitudinal Cracks Punchouts and Spalled

"Y" Cracks Clustered Cracking

Longitudinal Joint Spalling/

Seal Condition

PCC Patch Deterioration/

Asphalt Patches*

Description Cracks roughly transverse to the pavement centerline.

Cracks roughly parallel to the pavement centerline.

• Slab broken by 2 or more cracks or

• Spalled "Y" cracks.

A group of three or more transverse cracks with average spacing of 2 feet or less.

Breaking or chipping of slab edges along and within 1 ft. of a longitudinal joint.

A portion > 1 sq. ft. of the slab has been removed and replaced.

Severity Levels

1 A closed transverse crack with no spalling.

A longitudinal crack with no spalling.

N/A Average crack spacing between 1 and 2 feet

N/A No distress in patch or surround area.

2 An open transverse crack with no spalling.

A longitudinal crack with spalling equal to or less than 1/4 of the crack length.

N/A Average crack spacing less than 1 foot

N/A Patch or surrounding area has some CRCP severity 1 distress.

3 Any transverse crack with spalling.

A longitudinal crack with spalling greater than 1/4 of the crack length.

N/A N/A NA Patch or surrounding area has some CRCP severity 2 distress.

How to Count

Number and length of cracks for each severity level.

Linear ft. of cracks for each severity level.

Count number of occurrences and Square Feet.

Count number of occurrences and Sq. Ft. by severity level.

Record the linear feet of joint spalling. Estimate percent of cracks fully sealed. If greater than 90% then ‘Y’.

Count the Square Feet of patching by severity level.

Other Features

Average transverse crack spacing needed (section length/total number of cracks)

Minimum crack length is 1 foot before reporting.

Clustered cracks are not included as transverse cracks.

Record linear feet of pavement/shoulder joint fully sealed.

* Count the number and area of asphalt patches in the section.



A - 5 10/01/2010

APPENDIX A - Table 5 Summary of Left and Right Shoulder Distress Evaluation

Distress Type Shoulder Type Shoulder Width Shoulder Condition Deficient Slope Build-up Drop-off

Description

Defined based on five different categories: Curb, Gravel, Asphalt, Concrete or None

Estimate the width of each type of material classified.

The condition of the shoulder material is reported. Report for each shoulder type recorded.

A shoulder slope that does not drain water away from the pavement.

Vegetation growth or debris build-up that adversely affects drainage.

Difference in elevation between the traveled surface and the shoulder.

Severity Levels

1 N/A N/A

The existing cracks (all types) and break-up, if any, are very minor. There are no distortions (like pushing or shoving) in the shoulder.

N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A

The existing cracks (all types) and break-up could affect some of the shoulder area but do not affect more than 50% of the shoulder area. There could be some distortions.

N/A N/A Depth : >=1.5 inches and <=3 inches

3 N/A N/A

The existing cracks (all types) and break-up are significant and affect more than 50% of the shoulder area. The distortions affect a significant portion of the shoulder area that could create a safety hazard.

N/A N/A Depth: > 3 inches

How to Count

Report up to two shoulder types per side.

Report as follows: 0 to 3’ report as 2’ 3 to 6’ report as 4’ 6 to 9’ report as 8’ > 9’ report as 12’

Lineal feet at each condition.

Lineal feet of shoulder with deficient slope.

Lineal feet of build-up.

Lineal feet of shoulder from each severity level.

Other Features

Report for up to two types of shoulder on each side of roadway


B - 1 10/01/2010

APPENDIX B GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ACP (ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT): A flexible pavement with a hot mixed asphalt

concrete surface. BIT (BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT): A flexible pavement with a bituminous surface.

Can be a hot mixed asphalt concrete surface or several different forms of surface treatments including chip seals.

BOC (BITUMINOUS OVERLAY OVER CRCP): A bituminous overlay of a continuously

reinforced concrete pavement. BOJ (BITUMINOUS OVERLAY OVER JCP): A bituminous overlay of a jointed concrete

pavement. COMPOSITE PAVEMENT: A pavement comprised of both rigid and flexible layers, usually with a

portland cement concrete (PCC) base covered by an asphalt concrete surface layer(s). CRC (CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT): A portland cement

concrete pavement with no transverse joints and with heavy amounts of longitudinal steel to hold shrinkage cracks tightly closed.

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT: A pavement comprised of bituminous bound layers, unbound aggregate

layer, or a combination of the two. JRC (JOINTED PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT): A portland cement

concrete pavement with transverse joints to control natural shrinkage. Jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) have relatively short slabs (20' or less) to minimize shrinkage cracking and no distributed steel. Jointed reinforced concrete pavements (JRCP) have relatively long slabs (over 20') and contain distributed steel so that shrinkage cracks are held tightly closed.

LONGITUDINAL: A direction running predominately with (parallel to) the direction of travel. Used

to describe pavement features as with longitudinal cracking or longitudinal joints. LONGITUDINAL CONSTRUCTION JOINT: A paving discontinuity created by the intersection

of paving passes. PAVEMENT DISTRESSES: Various distresses found on each of the pavement types are fully

described and defined in Appendix C. In general those distresses will characterized by type of distress, severity of distress, and the extent of distress.

RIGID PAVEMENT: A pavement comprised of a portland cement concrete (PCC) surface course. SURFACE TREATED PAVEMENT: A pavement structure comprised of layers bound by liquid

bitumen but having no hot mixed materials.


B - 2 10/01/2010

TRANSVERSE: A direction running predominately across (perpendicular to) the direction of travel. Used to describe pavement features as with transverse cracking or transverse joints.

WHEEL PATH: The wheel path (also referred to as wheel track) is a line or path followed by the tire

of a road vehicle on a traveled surface (7). For pavement evaluation purposes there are two wheel paths parallel to the direction of travel.


C - 1 10/01/2010

APPENDIX C

DATA DELIVERY TABLE FORMATS


C - 2 10/01/2010

Table 1. ACP Deliverable Table Description Field Name Pavement Type Units Format Field Field Dec. Acc.

Type Width Field 1 Fkey FKEY BIT/BOJ/BOC 99999 N 5 5 2 Route ID CHTRIS_ID BIT/BOJ/BOC xxxxxxxxxx C 10 15 3 Date Tested DDATE BIT/BOJ/BOC YYYYMMDD C 8 23 4 Maintenance District NMAINT_DIS BIT/BOJ/BOC 9 N 1 24 5 Maintenance Jurisdiction NMAINT_JUR BIT/BOJ/BOC 999 N 3 27 6 Number of Lanes NLANE BIT/BOJ/BOC 9 N 1 28 7 Survey Direction CDIRECTION BIT/BOJ/BOC x C 1 29 8 Begin County relative mile point NBEG_MP BIT/BOJ/BOC Mile 999.999 N 7 3 36 9 End County relative mile point NEND_MP BIT/BOJ/BOC Mile 999.999 N 7 3 43

10 Length NLENGTH BIT/BOJ/BOC Mile 999.999 N 7 3 50 11 Speed NSPEED BIT/BOJ/BOC mph 99 N 2 52 12 IRI Left WP NIRI_L BIT/BOJ/BOC inches/mile 999 N 3 55 13 IRI Right WP NIRI_R BIT/BOJ/BOC inches/mile 999 N 3 58 14 IRI Average NIRI_AVG BIT/BOJ/BOC inches/mile 999 N 3 61 15 Lane width NLN_WIDTH BIT/BOJ/BOC Feet 99.9 N 4 1 65 16 Divided (0 - Un-Divided, 1 - Divided) CDIVIDED BIT/BOJ/BOC 0,1 X C 1 66 17 Transverse Cracking Severity 1 NT_CR1_LF BIT/BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 71 18 Transverse Cracking Severity 2 NT_CR2_LF BIT/BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 76 19 Longitudinal Cracking Severity 1 NL_CR1_LF BIT/BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 81 20 Longitudinal Cracking Severity 2 NL_CR2_LF BIT/BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 86 21 Longitudinal Lane Joint Severity 1 NL_JT1_LF BIT/BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 91 22 Longitudinal Lane Joint Severity 2 NL_JT2_LF BIT/BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 96 23 Reflective Transverse Cracking Severity 1 NRT_CR1_LF BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 9999 N 4 100 24 Reflective Transverse Cracking Severity 2 NRT_CR2_LF BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 9999 N 4 104 25 Reflective Transverse Cracking Severity 3 NRT_CR3_LF BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 9999 N 4 108 26 Reflective Longitudinal Cracking Severity 1 NRL_CR1_LF BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 113 27 Reflective Longitudinal Cracking Severity 2 NRL_CR2_LF BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 118 28 Reflective Longitudinal Cracking Severity 3 NRL_CR3_LF BOJ/BOC Linear Feet 99999 N 5 123 29 Alligator Cracking Severity 1 NA_CR1_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 99999 N 5 128 30 Alligator Cracking Severity 2 NA_CR2_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 99999 N 5 133 31 Alligator Cracking Severity 3 NA_CR3_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 99999 N 5 138 32 Patching Area - wheel path NPA_WP_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 999999 N 6 144 33 Patching Area - Non wheel path NPA_NWP_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 999999 N 6 150 34 Potholes Count NPOT_NO BIT/BOJ/BOC Count 999 N 3 153 35 Delaminations Area NDELAM_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 9999 N 5 158 36 Bleeding Severity 1 NBLEED1_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 9999 N 5 163 37 Bleeding Severity 2 NBLEED2_SF BIT/BOJ/BOC Square Feet 9999 N 5 168 38 Average Deeper Rut (Straight-edge) NRUT_S_AVG BIT/BOJ/BOC Inch 9.99 N 5 2 173


C - 3 10/01/2010

39 Average Deeper Rut (Wire method) NRUT_W_AVG BIT/BOJ/BOC Inch 9.99 N 5 2 178 40 Pavement Type CPVMT_TYPE BIT/BOJ/BOC xxx C 3 181 41 Index Value Load Distress Rating N_LDR BIT/BOJ/BOC 999 N 3 184 42 Index Value Non Load Distress Rating N_NDR BIT/BOJ/BOC 999 N 3 187 43 Critical Condition Index N_CCI BIT/BOJ/BOC 999 N 3 190 44 Direction CVisi_Dir ALL x C 1 191 45 District CVisi_Dist ALL x C 1 192 46 County CVisi_Jur ALL xxx C 3 195 47 Route CVisi_Route ALL xxxxxxxx C 8 203 48 County Mile point CVisi_Mile ALL xxxxx - xxxxx C 13 216 49 Visidata Begin Mile (fchainbeg /1000) CVisi_BMP ALL 9999999 N 7 223 50 Visidata End Mile (fchainend /1000) CVisi_EMP ALL 9999999 N 7 230 51 Filename Cfilename ALL xxxxxxxx C 8 238 52 Start GPS Latitude latitude_start ALL 99.999999999 N 15 10 253 53 Start GPS Longitude longitude_start ALL 999.999999999 N 15 10 268 54 End GPS Latitude latitude_end ALL 99.999999999 N 15 10 283 55 End GPS Longitude longitude_end ALL 999.999999999 N 15 10 298 56 Video Location Video ALL \\VIDEO\ C 20 318


C - 4 10/01/2010

Table 2. JRC Deliverable Table Description Field Name Pavement Type Units Format Field Field Dec. Acc. Type Width Field

1 Fkey FKEY BIT/BOJ/BOC 99999 N 5 5 2 Route ID CHTRIS_ID JRCP xxxxxxxxxx C 10 15 3 Date Tested DDATE JRCP YYYYMMDD C 8 23 4 Maintenance District NMAINT_DIS JRCP 9 N 1 24 5 Maintenance Jurisdiction NMAINT_JUR JRCP 999 N 3 27 6 Number of Lanes NLANE JRCP 9 N 1 28 7 Survey Direction CDIRECTION JRCP x C 1 29 8 Begin County relative mile point NBEG_MP JRCP Mile 999.999 N 7 3 36 9 End County relative mile point NEND_MP JRCP Mile 999.999 N 7 3 43

10 Length NLENGTH JRCP Mile 999.999 N 7 3 50 11 Speed NSPEED JRCP mph 99 N 2 52 12 IRI Left WP NIRI_L JRCP inches/mile 999 N 3 55 13 IRI Right WP NIRI_R JRCP inches/mile 999 N 3 58 14 IRI Average NIRI_AVG JRCP inches/mile 999 N 3 61 15 Lane width NLN_WIDTH JRCP Feet 99.9 N 4 1 65 16 Divided (0 - Un-divided, 1 - divided) CDIVIDED JRCP 0,1 X C 1 66 17 Transverse Cracking Severity 1 NT_CR1_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 70 18 Transverse Cracking Severity 2 NT_CR2_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 74 19 Longitudinal Cracking Severity 1 NL_CR1_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 78 20 Longitudinal Cracking Severity 2 NL_CR2_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 82 21 PCC Patch Severity 1 NC_PAT1_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 86 22 PCC Patch Severity 2 NC_PAT2_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 90 23 PCC Patch Severity 3 NC_PAT3_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 94 24 Asphalt Patch NA_PAT_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 98 25 Number of Transverse Joints NNO_T_JTS JRCP Count 999 N 3 101 26 Average Slab Length NSLAB_AVG JRCP Feet 999 N 2 103 27 Transverse Joint Spalled NT_J_SP_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 107 28 Transverse Joint Fully Sealed NT_J_FS_NS JRCP # of Joints 9999 N 4 111 29 Longitudinal Joint Spalled NL_J_SP_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 115 30 Longitudinal Joint Fully Sealed NL_J_FS_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 119 31 Corner Breaks Severity 1 NC_BRK1_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 123 32 Corner Breaks Severity 2 NC_BRK2_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 127 33 Divided Slabs NDIV_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 131 34 Blowups NBLOW_NS JRCP # of Slabs 9999 N 4 135 35 Joint Fault Severity 1 NJFL_T1_PER JRCP Percent 999.9 N 5 1 140 36 Joint Fault Severity 2 NJFL_T2_PER JRCP Percent 999.9 N 5 1 145 37 Joint Fault Severity 3 NJFL_T3_PER JRCP Percent 999.9 N 5 1 150


C - 5 10/01/2010

38 Average Joint Fault in Left Wheel Path NJFLT_LT_AVG JRCP Inch 9.99 N 5 2 155 39 Average Joint Fault in Right Wheel Path NJFLT_RT_AVG JRCP Inch 9.99 N 5 2 160 40 Joint Fault None (<0.8") NJFLTO_PER JRCP Percent 999.9 N 5 1 165 41 Index Value Slab Distress Rating SDR JRCP 999 N 3 0 168 42 Index Value Slab Faulting Index SFI JRCP 999 N 3 0 171 43 Critical Condition Index N_CCI JRCP 999 N 3 0 174 44 Direction CVisi_Dir ALL x C 1 175 45 District CVisi_Dist ALL x C 1 176 46 County CVisi_Jur ALL xxx C 3 179 47 Route CVisi_Route ALL xxxxxxxx C 8 187 48 County Mile point CVisi_Mile ALL xxxxx - xxxxx C 13 200 49 Visidata Begin Mile (fchainbeg /1000) CVisi_BMP ALL 9999999 N 7 207 50 Visidata End Mile (fchainend /1000) CVisi_EMP ALL 9999999 N 7 214 51 Filename Cfilename ALL xxxxxxxx C 8 222 52 Start GPS Latitude latitude_start ALL 99.999999999 N 15 10 237 53 Start GPS Longitude longitude_start ALL 999.999999999 N 15 10 252 54 End GPS Latitude latitude_end ALL 99.999999999 N 15 10 267 55 End GPS Longitude longitude_end ALL 999.999999999 N 15 10 282 56 Video Location Video ALL \\VIDEO\ C 20 302


C - 6 10/01/2010

Table 3. CRC Deliverable Table Description Field Name Pavement Type Units Format Field Field Dec. Acc. Type Width Field

1 Fkey FKEY BIT/BOJ/BOC 99999 N 5 5 2 Route ID CHTRIS_ID CRC xxxxxxxxxx C 10 15 3 Date Tested DDATE CRC YYYYMMDD C 8 23 4 Maintenance District NMAINT_DIS CRC 9 N 1 24 5 Maintenance Jurisdiction NMAINT_JUR CRC 999 N 3 27 6 Number of Lanes NLANE CRC 9 N 1 28 7 Survey Direction CDIRECTION CRC x C 1 29 8 Begin County relative mile point NBEG_MP CRCP Mile 999.999 N 7 3 36 9 End County relative mile point NEND_MP CRCP Mile 999.999 N 7 3 43 10 Length NLENGTH CRCP Mile 999.999 N 7 3 50 11 Speed NSPEED CRCP mph 99 N 2 52 12 IRI Left WP NIRI_L CRCP inches/mile 999 N 3 55 13 IRI Right WP NIRI_R CRCP inches/mile 999 N 3 58 14 IRI Average NIRI_AVG CRCP inches/mile 999 N 3 61 15 Lane width NLN_WIDTH CRCP Feet 99.9 N 4 1 65 16 Divided (0 - Un-divided, 1 - divided) CDIVIDED CRCP 0,1 X C 1 66 17 Transverse Cracking Severity 1 NT_CR1 CRCP Linear Feet 99999 N 5 71 18 Transverse Cracking Severity 2 NT_CR2 CRCP Linear Feet 99999 N 5 76 19 Transverse Cracking Severity 3 NT_CR3 CRCP Linear Feet 99999 N 5 81 20 Transverse Cracking Total Number NT_CR_NO CRCP Count 999 N 3 84 21 Transverse Crack Average Spacing NT_CR_AVG CRCP Linear Feet 999.9 N 5 1 89 22 Longitudinal Cracking Severity 1 NL_CR1 CRCP Linear Feet 9999 N 4 93 23 Longitudinal Cracking Severity 2 NL_CR2 CRCP Linear Feet 9999 N 4 97 24 Longitudinal Cracking Severity 3 NL_CR3 CRCP Linear Feet 9999 N 4 101 25 Clustered Cracking Severity 1 NCL_CR1_NO CRCP Count 9999 N 4 105 26 Clustered Cracking Severity 2 NCL_CR2_NO CRCP Count 9999 N 4 109 27 Clustered Cracking Severity 1 NCL_CR1_SF CRCP Square Feet 9999 N 4 113 28 Clustered Cracking Severity 2 NCL_CR2_SF CRCP Square Feet 9999 N 4 117 29 Longitudinal Joint Spalling NCL_J_SP_LF CRCP Linear Feet 9999 N 4 121 30 Longitudinal Joint Fully (90%) Sealed CCL_J_SEAL CRCP Yes/No x C 1 122 31 Punchouts and Spalled Ycracks NPUNCH_NO CRCP Count 99 N 2 124 32 Punchouts and Spalled Ycracks NPUNCH_SF CRCP Square Feet 9999 N 4 128 33 PCC Patch Severity 1 NC_PAT1_SF CRCP Square Feet 9999 N 4 132 34 PCC Patch Severity 2 NC_PAT2_SF CRCP Square Feet 9999 N 4 136 35 PCC Patch Severity 3 NC_PAT3_SF CRCP Square Feet 9999 N 4 140 36 Asphalt Patching NA_PAT_SF CRCP Square Feet 9999 N 4 144 37 Index Values (Concrete Distress Rating) CDR CRCP 999 N 3 0 147


C - 7 10/01/2010

38 Index Values (Concrete Distress Rating) CPR CRCP 999 N 3 0 150 39 Critical Condition Index N_CCI CRCP 999 N 3 0 153 40 Direction CVisi_Dir ALL x C 1 154 41 District CVisi_Dist ALL x C 1 155 42 County CVisi_Jur ALL xxx C 3 158 43 Route CVisi_Route ALL xxxxxxxx C 8 166 44 County Mile point CVisi_Mile ALL xxxxx - xxxxx C 13 179 45 Visidata Begin Mile (fchainbeg /1000) CVisi_BMP ALL 9999999 N 7 186 46 Visidata End Mile (fchainend /1000) CVisi_EMP ALL 9999999 N 7 193 47 Filename Cfilename ALL xxxxxxxx C 8 201 48 Start GPS Latitude latitude_start ALL 99.999999999 N 15 10 216 49 Start GPS Longitude longitude_start ALL 999.999999999 N 15 10 231 50 End GPS Latitude latitude_end ALL 99.999999999 N 15 10 246 51 End GPS Longitude longitude_end ALL 999.999999999 N 15 10 261 52 Video Location Video ALL \\VIDEO\ C 20 281


C - 8 10/01/2010

Table 4. Shoulder Deliverable Table Description Field Name Pavement Type Units Format Field Field Dec. Acc. Type Width Field

1 Fkey FKEY BIT/BOJ/BOC 99999 N 5 5

2 Route ID CHTRIS_ID BIT/BOJ/BOC xxxxxxxxxxxxxx C 10 15 3 Date Tested DDATE BIT/BOJ/BOC YYYYMMDD C 8 23 4 Maintenance District NMAINT_DIS BIT/BOJ/BOC 9 N 1 24 5 Maintenance Jurisdiction NMAINT_JUR BIT/BOJ/BOC 999 N 3 27 6 Number of Lanes NLANE BIT/BOJ/BOC 9 N 1 28 7 Survey Direction CDIRECTION BIT/BOJ/BOC x C 1 29 8 Begin County relative mile point NBEG_MP BIT/BOJ/BOC Mile 999.999 N 7 3 36 9 End County relative mile point NEND_MP BIT/BOJ/BOC Mile 999.999 N 7 3 43 10 Length NLENGTH BIT/BOJ/BOC Mile 999.999 N 7 3 50 11 Speed NSPEED BIT/BOJ/BOC mph 99 N 2 52 12 Divided (0 - Un-Divided, 1 - Divided) CDIVIDED BIT/BOJ/BOC 0,1 X C 1 53 13 Shoulder Type Right 1 CSHLDR_R1 ALL xxx C 3 56 14 Shoulder Type Right 2 CSHLDR_R2 ALL xxx C 3 59 15 Shoulder Length Right 1 NSHLDR_LR1 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 66 16 Shoulder Length Right 2 NSHLDR_LR2 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 73 17 Shoulder Condition Right 1: None NSHLDR_CR1_NO ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 80 18 Shoulder Condition Right 2: None NSHLDR_CR2_NO ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 87 19 Shoulder Condition Right 1: Severe 1 NSHLDR_CR1_S1 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 94 20 Shoulder Condition Right 2: Severe 1 NSHLDR_CR2_S1 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 101 21 Shoulder Condition Right 1: Severe 2 NSHLDR_CR1_S2 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 108 22 Shoulder Condition Right 2: Severe 2 NSHLDR_CR2_S2 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 115 23 Shoulder Condition Right 1: Severe 3 NSHLDR_CR1_S3 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 122 24 Shoulder Condition Right 2: Severe 3 NSHLDR_CR2_S3 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 129 25 Shoulder width - Right 1 NSHLDR_WID_R1 ALL Average 999.9 N 5 1 134 26 Shoulder width - Right 2 NSHLDR_WID_R2 ALL Average 999.9 N 5 1 139 27 Deficient Slope - Right NDEF_SLOP_R ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 146 28 Shoulder Build-up - Right NBUILD_UP_R ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 153 29 Shoulder Drop_off - Right NDROP_OFF_R_S3 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 160 30 Shoulder Type Left 1 CSHLDR_L1 ALL xxx C 3 163 31 Shoulder Type Left 2 CSHLDR_L2 ALL xxx C 3 166 32 Shoulder Length Left 1 NSHLDR_LL1 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 173 33 Shoulder Length Left 2 NSHLDR_LL2 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 180 34 Shoulder Condition Left 1: None NSHLDR_CL1_NO ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 187 35 Shoulder Condition Left 2: None NSHLDR_CL2_NO ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 194 36 Shoulder Condition Left 1: Severe 1 NSHLDR_CL1_S1 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 201 37 Shoulder Condition Left 2: Severe 1 NSHLDR_CL2_S1 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 208


C - 9 10/01/2010

38 Shoulder Condition Left 1: Severe 2 NSHLDR_CL1_S2 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 215 39 Shoulder Condition Left 2: Severe 2 NSHLDR_CL2_S2 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 222 40 Shoulder Condition Left 1: Severe 3 NSHLDR_CL1_S3 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 229 41 Shoulder Condition Left 2: Severe 3 NSHLDR_CL2_S3 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 236 42 Shoulder width - Left 1 NSHLDR_WID_L1 ALL Average 999.9 N 5 1 241 43 Shoulder width -Left 2 NSHLDR_WID_L2 ALL Average 999.9 N 5 1 246 44 Deficient Slope - Left NDEF_SLOP_L ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 253 45 Shoulder Build-up - Left NBUILD_UP_L ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 260 46 Shoulder Drop_off - Left NDROP_OFF_L_S3 ALL Feet 9999.99 N 7 2 267