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TRANSLATION QUALITIES OF STUDENTS IN TRANSLATING
PHRASAL VERBS
By:
By:
Arifin Aryo Utomo
106026000979
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
2011
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TRANSLATION QUALITIES OF STUDENTS IN TRANSLATING
PHRASAL VERBS
A Thesis
Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Strata 1
By:
By:
ARIFIN ARYO UTOMO
106026000979
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
2011
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ABSTRACT
Arifin Aryo Utomo, Translation Qualities of Students in Translating PhrasalVerbs. Thesis. Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta, 2010.
This research is aimed to know why the translation of phrasal verbs byEnglish Letters Department students are not in good qualities and to determinewhat factor is causing problem in translating phrasal verbs.
Moreover, the writer uses qualitative method. The writer gives a test to therespondents then analyzes the mistakes that happened to students in translatingphrasal verbs. The writer corrects them then concludes the result.
This research explains about the problem in translating phrasal verbs. Thewriter finds that only 132 phrasal verbs are translated in not good qualities bythirty students. The translations consist of separable 54 cases and inseparable 78cases. It means that the participants of this research translate 318 phrasal verbs ingood qualities.
After analyzing the translation of phrasal verbs made by students, thewriter finds out that mother tongue affect the result of students’ translation both inseparable and in inseparable phrasal verbs.
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APPROVEMENT
TRANSLATION QUALITIES OF STUDENTS IN TRANSLATINGPHRASAL VERBS
A ThesisSubmitted to Faculty of Adab and HumanitiesIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Strata 1
Arifin Aryo Utomo106026000979
Approved by:
Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.PdNIP. 19650919 200003 1 002
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAHJAKARTA
2011
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LEGALIZATION
Name : Arifin Aryo UtomoNIM : 106026000979Thesis : Translation Qualities of Students in Translating Phrasal Verbs
The thesis has been defended before the Faculty of Adab and Humanities’Examination Committee on February 14, 2011. It has already been accepted as apartial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata 1.
Jakarta, February 14, 2011
Examination Committee
Signature Date
1. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Chair Person) _____________ _________19640710 199303 1 006
2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Secretary) _____________ _________19781003 200112 2 002
3. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Advisor) _____________ _________19650919 200003 1 002
4. Drs. H. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed (Examiner I) _____________ _________150 181 922
5. Dr. Frans Sayogie, M.Pd, SH (Examiner II) _____________ _________19700310 200003 1 002
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of myknowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written byanother person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for theaward of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higherlearning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Jakarta, January 18, 2011
Arifin Aryo Utomo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express the most gratitude and praise
to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe for His help, affection and generosity in
completing his study in the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.
Then, peace and blessing are upon to our beloved prophet Muhammad SAW and
all of his family, his disciplines, and his followers.
The thesis is submitted in partial accomplishment of the requirements for
the Strata 1 Degree to the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, English Letters
Department, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
In the terms of completing his study, the writer would like to express his
deepest gratitude to the Dean of Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Dr. Abd. Wahid
Hasyim, M.Ag; The Head of English Letters Department, Drs. A. Saefuddin,
M.Pd; The Secretary of English Letters, Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum; and to all
lecturers who have taught him a lot of things during the study.
The writer’s family deserves his deepest esteem more than anyone else
does; his lovely parents (Sajiyo and Rubiyati), his younger sisters (Umi and
Luthfi), since they always support his financially, morally and spiritually.
In addition, the writer is deeply thankful to the individuals too numerous
to mention who have sent him suggestions, corrections, and criticisms, especially
Dr. M. Farkhan, M.Pd as his thesis advisor, whose every guidance, patience,
support and encouragement from the first to the final level that enable him to
develop an understanding of the subject.
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In addition, the writer would like to thank to the following fellows and
acquaintances; the student of class A 2006 and translation class for being his
classmates – for the joy of the friendship with Rangers (Galih, Jay, Lazu,
Ayunk), Ulfa, Deni, Indah, Anggi, Jabbar, Jule, Kiky, Mira, Nopita, Nuni, Tirta,
Yesika; for his special friend, Ayu Suwandi who gives him an extra spirit to do the
thesis; and whom cannot be voiced, for their memories, their laughs, their
activities, their supports, their spirit, their souls, their love conveyed him into life-
mature. Finally, the writer’s great thanks to the entire place that gave him
pleasures within his study process.
Jakarta, January 24, 2011
The Writer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… i
APPROVEMENT …………………………………………………………….. ii
LEGALIZATION …………………………………………………………….. iii
DECLARATION ……………………………………………………………… iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …….……………………………………………... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….. vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………1A. Background of the Study…………………………….............................. 1B. Focus of the Study ……………………………………………………... 4C. Research Questions …………………………………………………… 4D. Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………… 5E. Significances of the Study……………………………………………... 5F. Research Methodology ……………………..………………………….. 5
1. Research Methods………… …………..……………………………. 52. Data Analysis ……………..………………………………………….53. Research Instruments …….…………………………………………..64. Respondents…………………………….……………………………. 6
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK …………………………..7A. Error……………………………………………………………………...7
1. The Definition of Errors…………………………………………….. 72. The Classification of Errors ………………………………………... 83. The Causes of Errors………………………………………………... 8
B. Error Analysis ………………..………………………………………… 111. The Definition of Error Analysis……………………………………. 112. The Objectives of Error Analysis…………………………………… 12
C. Translation…………….….…………………………………………….. 131. The Definition of Translation …………...………………………….. 132. Types of Translation…………………………………………………. 143. The Method of Translation ...…….…………………………………. 154. The Procedures of Translation ……………….……………………… 175. The Qualities of a Good Translation………………………………… 19
D. Phrasal Verbs…………………………………………………………… 201. The Definition of Phrasal Verbs …………………………………….. 202. Kind of Phrasal Verbs………………………………………………. 22
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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS …………...................................... 26A. Data Description ……………………………………………………….. 26B. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………… 36
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS............................... 61A. Conclusions …………………………………………………………...... 61B. Suggestions …………………………………………………………….. 62
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 64
APPENDIX
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
The need for information and knowledge influence people to explore
science from various sources which are expected to provide new knowledge
and information they need. However, in reality, there are many books written
in foreign languages, especially English language has not been translated into
Indonesian. This could be a major obstacle for those who need information,
but lack of the ability to translate. Dick Hartoko in the book by A.
Widyamartaya said "The need of translating books is not a sign of
backwardness. But, it is a sign of openness to participate in information
exchange.”1
Translation is the comprehension of the meaning of a text and the
subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewise called a "translation,"
that communicates the same message in another language. The text that is
translated is called the source text, and the language that it is translated into is
called the target language. The product is sometimes called the target text.2 In
other hand, Catford said “Translation is the replacement of textual material in
one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).”3
1 A. Widyamartaya, Seni Menerjemahkan (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989), p. 9
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation
3 J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation (London: Oxford University Press,1965), p.20.
2
Translating activities have a broad scope of various purposes. They
need not only high level of knowledge in linguistics, but also involve the
whole aspects of communication, such as knowledge, culture, belief, class,
gender, race and so on. Furthermore, in translating, there are many difficulties
because of lack of translating technique, vocabularies, sentence structure or
less mastered in English language. According to Gorsy Keraf (15:12) in a
book written by Salihen Moentaha said:
"Although Indonesian language can be classified into agglutinativelanguage types, Indonesian language near the analytical language suchas English, the fact that both languages have grammatical relationshipsshowed with syntactic words, word order and suprasegmental units(pressure, tone, intonation). Nevertheless, both languages are differentin lexical composition system, grammatical system……"4
In this case, the writer wanted to discuss the translation of two word
verbs, or also commonly referred as phrasal verbs.
“An idiom is a group of words, and often difficult to understand fromthe individual words. Many of them are phrasal verbs (separable andinseparable). The separable verbs are usually followed with particleexpression: up, down, on, off, in, out, away, back, over; while theinseparable ones are followed with prepositional expressions: on, at,to, from, for, of, into.”5
Two word verbs or phrasal verbs themselves are familiar for people or
students who like watching movies, reading a novel or a newspaper using
English. They were often used in conversation. Two word verbs or phrasal
verbs have different meanings of words that formed it, so translators must
understand the context, do not immediately translate a word for word or
4 Salihen Moentaha, Bahasa dan Terjemahan (Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc, 2006), p.13.
5 Robert Krohn, English Sentence Structure (Ann Arbor: The University of MichiganPress, 1977), p. 121.
3
literally. "The difficulties in lexical transfer are caused by Indonesian
translators who often divert words, phrases, idiomatic expressions, figurative
expressions, and proverbs without context.”6
The writer wants to give some examples or a description of problems
that often occur when phrasal verbs are translated from English into
Indonesian in English Letters Department students:
1. John asked Susie for a cup of tea.
( John menawarkan secangkir teh kepada Susie.)
The correct translation:
(John meminta secangkir teh kepada Susie.)
2. I usually get on the bus at the station.
( Saya biasanya menunggu bis di terminal.)
The correct translation:
(Saya biasanya naik bis di terminal.)
3. If you really like Jane, take her out.
( Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, ambillah dia.)
The correct translation:
(Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, ajaklah ia kencan.
4. You must look after Andi today.
(Kamu harus mencari Andi hari ini.)
The correct translation:
(Kamu harus menjaga Andi hari ini.)
6 Frans Sayogie, Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta:Lembaga Penelitian UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2008), p. 71.
4
5. We have a lot of things to answer for.
(Kita punya banyak hal yang harus dijawab.)
The correct translation:
(Kita punya banyak hal yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan.
The importance of learning and understanding more about phrasal
verbs is the reason for the writer choosing this topic. This study can lead the
translators be more observant in translating phrasal verbs.
B. Focus of the Study
To present comprehensive study of the topic, the writer limits the
scope of the study. Limitation in this research problem concerns in the
translation of phrasal verbs. Sources of data are obtained from respondents;
they are students of English Letters Department, majoring in Translation, State
Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
C. Research Questions
Based on the limitation problems above, the writer formulated the
following research questions:
1. Why the translations of phrasal verbs by English Letters Department
students are not in good qualities?
2. What is factor causing problem in the translation of phrasal verbs by
students of English Letters Department Syarif Hidayatullah?
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D. Objectives of the Study
This study aims:
1. To know why the translation of phrasal verbs by English Letters
Department students are not in good qualities,
2. To determine what factor is causing problem in translating phrasal
verbs.
E. Significances of the Study
The study is expected to provide benefits to the writer and also the reader.
1. To enrich knowledge about phrasal verbs and their usage,
2. To be more observant in translating phrasal verbs in order not to repeat
the same mistakes in the future.
F. Research Methodology
a. Research Methods
The method used in this research is qualitative method. The writer
gives a test to the respondents then analyzes the mistakes that happened to
students in translating phrasal verbs. The writer corrects them then
concludes the result.
b. Data Analysis
In this research, the writer will analyze the data by using
descriptive analysis technique. The writer collecting data from the
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respondents by giving a test, then describes the data and analyzes the
problem occurred in translating the phrasal verbs.
c. Research Instruments
Instruments used were the writer himself as a tool to obtain data by
collecting data obtained from respondents and the theories supporting
research. The writer analyzes the data and then concludes them.
d. Respondents
Respondents in this study are thirty English Letters Department
students, majoring in Translation, State Islamic University Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta.
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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Translation
1. The Definition of Translation
In translating activities, the theory of language and general
linguistic is always being used. According to experts, there are some
definitions of translation as follows:
1. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the
closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first
in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.7
2. Translation is the replacement of an original text with another
text.8
3. Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another
language in the way that the author intended the text.9
4. Translation is a craft consisting in attempt to replace a written
message and or statement in one language by the same message
and or statement in another language.10
7Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation (Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1974), p. 12.
8 Juliane House, Translation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 3.
9Peter Newmark, A Text Book of Translation (Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall, 1988), p. 5.
10Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation (England: Pergamon Press, 1981), p. 13.
8
5. Translation is an operation performed on languages: a process
of substituting a text in one language for a text in another.11
6. Larson quoted by Choliludin says that “translation consists of
translating the meaning of the source language into receptor
language. This is done by going from the form of the first
language to the form of a second language by way of semantic
structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be
held constant. Only the form changes.”12
In conclusion, translation is a process of replacing a text in one
language by an equivalent text in another.
2. The Types of Translation
Brislin categorizes translation into four types based on the purposes
of translation, namely:13
1. Pragmatic Translation
It refers to the translation of a message with an interest in
accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in
the source language form and it is not concerned with other
aspects of the original language version.
2. Aesthetic-poetic Translation
11J. C Catford (1965), op.cit. p.1.
12Choliludin, The Technique of Making Idiomatic Translation (Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc,2005), p. 4.
13Ibid. pp. 26-29.
9
This refers to translation in which the translator takes into
account the affect, emotion, and feelings of an original agnate
version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well
as any information in the message. The examples of this type
are the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic
dialogue, and novel.
3. Ethnographic Translation
The purpose of ethnographic translation is to explicate the
cultural context of the source and TL versions. Translators have
to be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how
the words fit into cultures.
4. Linguistic Translation
This is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent
morphemes of the source language and grammatical form, an
example is language in a computer program and machine
translation.
3. The Method of Translation
According to Newmark, there are methods of translation as
follows:
1. Word-for-word Translation
This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the
TL immediately below the SL words. The SL word-order is
preserved and the words translated singly by their most
10
common meanings, out of context. Cultural words are
translated literally.
2. Literal Translation
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their
nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again
translated singly, out of context. As a pre-translation process,
this indicates the problems to be solved.
3. Faithful Translation
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise
contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the
TL grammatical structures. It ‘transfers’ cultural words and
preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical ‘abnormality’
(deviation from SL norms) in the translation. It attempts to be
completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realisation
(sic) of the SL writer.
4. Semantic Translation
Semantic translation differs from ‘faithful translation’ only in
as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value (that
is, the beautiful and natural sound) of the SL text,
compromising on ’meaning’ where appropriate so that no
assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version.
5. Adaptation
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This is ‘freest’ form of translation. It is used mainly for plays
(comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually
preserved, the SL culture converted to the TL culture and text
rewritten. The deplorable practice of having a play or poem
literally translated and then rewritten by an established
dramatist or poet has produced many poor adaptations, but
other adaptations have ‘rescued’ period plays.
6. Free Translation
Free translation reproduces the matter without the manner, or
the content without the form of the original. Usually it is a
paraphrase much longer than the original, a so-called
‘intralingual translation’ often prolix and pretentious, and not
translation at all.
7. Idiomatic Translation
Idiomatic translation reproduces the ‘message’ of the original
but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring
colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the
original.
8. Communicative Translation
Communicative translation attempts to render the exact
contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both
12
content and language are readily acceptable and
comprehensible to the readership.14
4. The Procedures of Translation
The following are the translation procedures that Newmark
proposes:15
a. Transference: it is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text.
b. Naturalization: it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation,
then to the normal morphology of the TL.
c. Cultural equivalent: This is an approximately translation where a SL
cultural word is translated by a TL cultural word.
d. Functional equivalent: it applied to cultural words, requires the use of a
culture free word.
e. Descriptive equivalent: in translation, description sometimes has to be
weighed against function.
f. Synonymy: it is near TL equivalent to SL word in a context, where a
precise equivalent may or may not exist. This procedure is used for a SL
word where there is no clear one-to-one equivalent, and the word not
important in the text.
g. Through-translation: it is the literal translation of common collocations,
names of organizations and components of compounds.
h. Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to
TL, for example, the change from singular to plural, the change required
14Peter Newmark (1988), op.cit. pp. 45-47.
15Ibid. pp. 81-91.
13
when a SL grammatical structure does not exist in the TL, the change
where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with
natural usage in the TL, and the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a
grammatical structure.
i. Modulation: it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the
original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL,
since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective.
j. Recognized translation: it occurs when the translator "normally uses the
official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term.”
k. Compensation: it occurs when loss of meaning, sound effect, methapor or
pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part.
l. Componential analysis: it means "comparing an SL word with a TL word
which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent,
by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense
components.
m. Paraphrase: this is an amplification or explanation of the meaning of a
segment of the text.
n. Couplets: it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures.
o. Notes: notes are additional information in a translation.
5. The Qualities of a Good Translation
The three most important qualities of a good translation are:
14
1. Accuracy: Correct exegesis of the source message, and transfer of the
meaning of that message as exactly as possible into receptor
language.
2. Clarity: There may be several different ways of expressing an idea –
choose the way which communicates most clearly; the way
which ordinary people will understand.
3. Naturalness: It is important to use the natural form of the receptor
language, if the translation is to be effective and acceptable.
A translation should not sound foreign.16
There is an important factor which can affect the result of the
translation, it stated in Whorfian hypothesis “Our mother tongue shapes
and constrains our thoughts and behaviours.”17 Applied to translation, this
implies not only that the appropriate meanings in the target language can
neither be accessed nor reproduced by the translator because words across
languages never exactly correspond as lexical items.
B. Phrasal Verbs
1. The Definition of Phrasal Verbs
Many people think that phrasal verbs are idiom, whereas they are
different, despite some similarities. The reason is, as many phrasal verbs
are commonly used in idioms. “Phrasal verbs are very characteristic part
16Anonymous, Introduction to Semantics and Translation (Horsley Green: SUMMERINSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS, 1980), p. 15.
17Juliane House (2009), op.cit. p. 39.
15
of good idiomatic English”.18 Furthermore, to give more explanation about
phrasal verbs, there are three definitions as follows:
1. Phrasal verbs is a compound word composed by an ordinary
verb plus a preposition or an adverb (Verb + Preposition /
Adverb), after which, each of the new compound words will
have different meaning, diverging one from the others and even
sometimes from the original verb.19
2. The construction of verb plus post verbal particle, though it has
been variously referred to as “verb-adverb combination”
(Kennedy 1920), “verb-particle construction” (Lipka 1972),
and “verb-particle combination” (Fraser 1976), is now
generally designated the “phrasal verb”.20
3. Phrasal verb is a verb combined with an adverb or a
preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new meaning.21
Here are the examples of phrasal verb:
a. Verb + Preposition : look for, look after, go in front
etc.
18Bernhard Kettemann and Georg Marko, Teaching and Learning by Doing CorpusAnalysis (New York: Rodopi, 2002), p. 361.
19Rachmat Effendi P, Cara Mudah Menulis dan Menerjemahkan (Jakarta: HAPSA etSTUDIA, 2004), p. 124.
20Laurel J. Brinton and Minoji Akimoto, Collocational and Idiomatic Aspects ofComposite Predicates in the History of English (Amsterdam: John Benjamins PublishingCompany, 1999), p. 3.
21Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p.988.
16
go on, go by, hang on, hang
over etc.
stand for, stand by, stand out,
etc.
b. Verb + Adverb : hang around, hang back, set
back, etc.
look up, go away, take a back,
take away,etc.
See the newly- modified words, for examples the bare word look
first it means see but the newly modified word look for means search,
look up = appreciate/upward, and look after = take care of. Similarly,
word take. First it means pick but take off = leave a place, ‘take a back =
astonished; take away = go away. Word stand, first it means take
position or abide, but stand for = mean; stand by = be in a place; stand
out = seen easily. Any words using adverb is also treated the same: hang
around = be in a place; hang back = hesitate; go away = move away; go
by = elapse. In treating phrasal verb, the object of sentence is normally
inserted between the ordinary verb and the following preposition or
adverb, although not absolutely.22”Phrasal verbs may be both intransitive
(e.g. take off, touchdown, catch on) and transitive (e.g. look up, live down,
put on, call off, turn over, hand in, push through).”23
22Rachmat Effendi P, loc.cit.
23Laurel J. Brinton and Minoji Akimoto (1999), loc. cit.
17
2. Kind of Phrasal Verbs
a. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs
Certain prepositions customarily follow certain verbs.
These prepositions are sometimes called particles. The following is
a short list of some common verb + particle combinations in
English. These phrasal verbs are “inseparable” because the particle
has only one position in the sentence. In most cases, it immediately
follows the verb. Following is a short list of inseparable phrasal
verbs with their idiomatic meanings.24
Verbs Examples MeaningsCome back
Drop (stop) by
Get along with
Get together with
Get up
Go over
Grow up
Live on
Look after
Look like
Are you going tocome back early?My neighbordropped by thisafternoon.The Smiths getalong with theirneighbors.Let’s get togetherwith the Nelsons thisweekend.On weekends,everybody gets uplate.Let’s go over thehomework.I grew up inWisconsin.Can you live on$500 a month?Will you look afterthe boys while I’mout?You look like your
Return
Visit
Be friendly with
Meet socially
Leave one’s bed aftersleeping
Review; correct
Become an adult
Exist; support oneselffinanciallySupervise; watch
Resemble
24Patricia K. Werner, et al., Interactions Grammar 2 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985), 4th
edition, pp.141-143.
18
Move out of(move into)
Run into
Stay up
father.When are youmoving out of yourapartment?When are youmoving into yournew house?I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.How late did youstay up last night?
Leave; relocate
Meet accidentally
Remain awake
b. Separable Phrasal Verbs
With inseparable verbs, the verb and particle are a unit;
they must be together. However, English also has separable
phrasal verbs. With these verb + particle combinations, noun
objects may come after the verb + particle or between them.
Pronoun objects must come between the verb and particle.
Compare:25
Examples MeaningsInseparable My mother ran into
Laurie.(noun)My mother ran intoher.(pronoun)
My mother sawLaurie.
My mother saw her.
Separable I called up mymother.
(noun)I called my motherup.
(noun)I called her up. (pronoun)
I telephoned mymother.
I telephoned mymother.
I telephoned her.
25Ibid. pp. 147-148.
19
The following are other examples of separable phrasal
verbs:
Common Separable Phrasal VerbsVerbs Examples Meanings
Bring up
Call up
Drop off
Figure out
Find out
Help out
Look over
Pick out
Pick up
Take out
Talk over
Think over
Throw away
Try out
Wake up
Work out
Dawn is bringingher kids up byherself.Yesterday my soncalled me up.Could you drop meoff downtown?
I can’t figure outthis problem.Did you find out herphone number?My mother oftenhelps me out withthe kids.Please look overyour paper beforeyou give it to me.Did you pick out apresent?I pick her up afterclass.Please take out thegarbage.We talked thesituation over.I’ll think over youradvice.Did you throwyesterday’s paperaway?Let’s try out thesenew skis.The phone woke meup.I hope we can workit out.
Raise (a family)
Telephone (verb)
Take someone orsomething (on theway somewhere,often by car)Understand, solve ( aproblem); decideLearn, discover
Assist, help
Read quickly; review
Choose, select
Go (often by car) toget someoneTake outside
Discuss
Think aboutsomething carefully.Discard; put in thegarbage
Test, experimentwithCause someone tostop sleepingFind a solution,resolve something.
20
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
To know the results of the test, the writer tabulates the students’
translations which are not in good qualities and the data are tabulated
below.
Table 1
Phrasal verbNameSeparable Inseparable
Student 1 2 cases 4 casesStudent 2 3 cases 3 casesStudent 3 3 cases 4 casesStudent 4 2 cases 3 casesStudent 5 1 case 1 caseStudent 6 1 case 4 casesStudent 7 2 cases 2 casesStudent 8 2 cases 1 caseStudent 9 1 case 5 casesStudent 10 1 case 6 casesStudent 11 3 cases 1 caseStudent 12 1 case 3 casesStudent 13 3 cases 0 caseStudent 14 1 case 2 casesStudent 15 1 case 5 casesStudent 16 2 cases 2 casesStudent 17 1 case 1 caseStudent 18 2 cases 2 casesStudent 19 4 cases 5 casesStudent 20 0 case 4 casesStudent 21 1 case 2 casesStudent 22 3 cases 1 caseStudent 23 3 cases 3 casesStudent 24 2 cases 2 casesStudent 25 2 cases 2 casesStudent 26 0 case 4 casesStudent 27 2 cases 1 case
21
Student 28 1 case 1 caseStudent 29 1 case 1 caseStudent 30 3 cases 3 cases
Total 54 cases 78 cases
Table 2Data Reconstruction
Student Sentence Students’Translation
Correct Translation
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menanyakanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim tinggal 500dolar sebulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya pergi ke temanlama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
A beautifulwoman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.
Kemarin ada seorangwanita cantikmenungguku direstoran.
Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
1
She has a new haton today.
Dia mempunyai topibaru sekarang.
Hari ini dia memakai topibaru.
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menanyakanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya menemuiteman lama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
2
Put your toysaway, Kid!
Buang semuamainanmu itu, nak!
Simpan kembalimainanmu, Nak!
3 Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
22
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya menemuiteman lama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakhal yang harusdijawab.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iakeluar.
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.
The troops blowup the bridge.
Para pasukanmengepungjembatan itu.
Para pasukanmeledakkan jembatan itu.
He puts his hat onand leaves theroom.
Dia meletakkantopinya danmeninggalkanruangan.
Dia memakai topinya danmeninggalkan ruangan.
A beautifulwoman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.
Seorang wanitacantik menunggusaya di restoran itukemarin.
Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menanyakanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya mengunjungiteman lama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
I usually get onthe bus at thestation.
Biasanya sayamenunggu bus diterminal.
Saya biasa naik bus diterminal.
The troops blowup the bridge.
Para pasukanmengepungjembatan itu.
Para pasukanmeledakkan jembatan itu.
4
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Aku akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
5Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong kamubersihkan meja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.6
You must look Kamu harus Kamu harus menjaga
23
after Andi today. menjenguk Andihari ini.
Andi hari ini.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita mempunyaibanyak hal untukmenjawab itu.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I usually get onthe bus at thestation.
Saya biasanyamenunggu bus diterminal.
Saya biasa naik bus diterminal.
If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, kejarlah ia.
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kami mempunyaibanyak alasan untukmenjawab.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong kaubersihkan meja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
7
Put your toysaway, Kid!
Buang semuamainanmu itu, nak!
Simpan kembalimainanmu, Nak!
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menawarkanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.8
If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iapergi.
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya pergi ke temanlama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita memilikibanyak hal untukdijawab.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Aku akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
9
A beautiful Kemarin seorang Seorang wanita cantik
24
woman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.
wanita cantikmenungguku direstoran itu.
melayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim berpendapatan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harusmengunjungi Andihari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakcara untukmenjawabnya.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I usually get onthe bus at thestation.
Saya biasanyamencari bus diterminal.
Saya biasa naik bus diterminal.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Aku akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
10
A beautifulwoman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.
Seorang wanitacantik menunggukudi restoran itukemarin.
Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menawarkansecangkir teh kepadaSusie.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
11
Put your toysaway, Kid!
Buang semuamainanmu itu, nak!
Simpan kembalimainanmu, Nak!
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya menghampiriteman lama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iapergi.
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.
12
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
25
malam.Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
If you really loveJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar mencintaiJane, bawalah iapergi.
Jika kamu benar-benarmencintai Jane, ajak iaberkencan.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong kaubersihkan meja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
13
Put your toysaway, Kid!
Buang mainanmuitu, nak!
Simpan kembalimainanmu, Nak!
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita memilikibanyak hal untukdijawab.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
14
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya pergi ke temanlama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita mempunyaibanyak hal untukmenjawab itu.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
15
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menanyakanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya mengunjungiteman lama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
16
Clean the table Tolong bersihkan Tolong kosongkan meja
26
off, please! meja itu! itu!Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim tinggal 500dolar sebulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
17 If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iapergi.
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menawarkanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakalasan untukmenjawabnya.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
18
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong kaubersihkan meja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menanyakanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim tinggal 500dolar sebulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya pergi ke temanlama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
Put your toysaway, Kid!
Buang mainanmuitu, nak!
Simpan kembalimainanmu, Nak!
A beautifulwoman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.
Seorang wanitacantik menunggukudi restoran itukemarin.
Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
19
She has a new haton today.
Dia mempunyai topibaru hari ini.
Hari ini dia memakai topibaru.
20 Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
27
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harusmenjenguk Andihari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya mengunjungiteman lama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
I usually get onthe bus at thestation.
Saya biasanyamencari bus diterminal.
Saya biasa naik bus diterminal.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakalasan untukmenjawabnya.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
21
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
The troops blowup the bridge
Para pasukanmengepungjembatan itu.
Para pasukanmeledakkan jembatan itu.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
22
She has a new haton today.
Dia mempunyai topibaru.
Hari ini dia memakai topibaru.
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menawarkanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, ambillah dia.
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.
The troops blowup the bridge.
Para pasukanmengepungjembatan itu.
Para pasukanmeledakkan jembatan itu.
23
A beautifulwoman waited onme in the
Seorang wanitacantik menunggukudi restoran itu
Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
28
restaurantyesterday.
kemarin.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakhal yang harusdijawab.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
The troops blowup the bridge.
Para pasukanmengepungjembatan itu.
Para pasukanmeledakkan jembatan itu.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
24
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong kaubersihkan meja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakalasan untukmenjawabnya.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
The troops blowup the bridge.
Para pasukanmengepungjembatan itu.
Para pasukanmeledakkan jembatan itu.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
25
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong kaubersihkan meja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.
Saya menemuiteman lama kemarin.
Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakpersoalan untukdijawab.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Aku akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
26
A beautifulwoman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.
Seorang wanitacantik menunggusaya di restoran itukemarin.
Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.
John menawarkanSusie secangkir teh.
John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.
Jim lives on $500a month.
Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.
Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.
27
If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah ia
29
Jane, bawalah iapergi.
kencan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
28Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
You must lookafter Andi today.
Kamu harusmengunjungi Andihari ini.
Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.
29 If you really likeJane, take her out.
Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iakeluar.
Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.
We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.
Kita punya banyakhal yang harusdijawab.
Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.
I will call for youat 7 tonight.
Saya akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.
Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.
He puts his hat onand leaves theroom.
Dia meletakkantopinya danmeninggalkanruangan.
Dia memakai topinya danmeninggalkan ruangan.
Clean the tableoff, please!
Tolong kaubersihkan meja itu!
Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!
A beautifulwoman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.
Seorang wanitacantik menunggusaya di restoran itukemarin.
Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.
30
She has a new haton today.
Dia mempunyai topibaru.
Hari ini dia memakai topibaru.
B. Data Analysis
According to two tables of data description above, the writer finds
that only 132 phrasal verbs are not translated in good qualities by thirty
students. The translations consist of separable (54 cases) and inseparable
30
(78 cases). It means that the participants of this research translate 318
phrasal verbs in good qualities.
In this analysis the writer will focus on the students’ translations
whether in translating separable or inseparable phrasal verbs which are not
in good qualities. The analyses can be described as follows:
1. Separable Phrasal Verbs
a. John asked Susie for a cup of tea.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are two cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. John menanyakan Susie secangkir teh. (student
1,2,4,16,19)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“asked for” in the source language into “menanyakan”
in the target language. It makes the sentence being out
of context. The word “ask” means to say or write
something in the form of question, but if it combined
with the word “for”, the meaning becomes to request.
Then, the writer suggests that the translation should be
“John meminta secangkir teh kepada Susie.”
31
2. John menawarkan Susie secangkir teh. (student
8,11,18,23,27)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“asked for” in the source language into “menawarkan”
in the target language. It makes the sentence being out
of context. The word “ask” means to say or write
something in the form of question, but if it combined
with the word “for”, the meaning becomes to request.
Then, the writer suggests that the translation should be
“John meminta secangkir teh kepada Susie.”
b. If you really like Jane, take her out.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are four cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, bawalah ia
keluar. (student 3,29)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The student translated the phrasal verb
“take out” in the source language into ”bawalah ia
32
keluar” in the target language. It makes the sentence
being out of context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take
out” is to go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc.
with somebody who has invited. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be “Jika kamu
benar-benar mencintai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”
2. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, kejarlah ia.
(student 6)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The student translated the phrasal verb
“take out” in the source language into”kejarlah ia” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take out” is to
go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc. with
somebody who has invited. Then, the writer suggests
that the translation should be “Jika kamu benar-benar
menyukai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”
3. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, bawalah ia
pergi. (student 6,8,12,13,17,27,29)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
33
“take out” in the source language into ”bawalah ia
pergi” in the target language. It makes the sentence
being out of context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take
out” is to go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc.
with somebody who has invited. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be “Jika kamu
benar-benar menyukai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”
4. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, ambillah dia.
(student 23)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The student translated the phrasal verb
“take out” in the source language into ”ambillah dia”
in the target language. It makes the sentence being out
of context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take out” is to
go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc. with
somebody who has invited. Then, the writer suggests
that the translation should be “Jika kamu benar-benar
menyukai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”
c. The troops blow up the bridge.
34
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there is only one case of translation which is not in good qualities.
Here is the example:
1. Para pasukan mengepung jembatan itu. (student
3,4,22,23,24,25)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“blow up” in the source language into ”mengepung” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The meaning of phrasal verb “blow up” is to
destroy something by an explosion. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be “Para pasukan
meledakkan jembatan itu”.
d. He puts his hat on and leaves the room.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there is only one case of translation which is not in good qualities.
Here is the example:
1. Dia meletakkan topinya dan meninggalkan ruangan.
(student 3,30)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
35
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“put on” in the source language into ”meletakkan” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The word “put” means to place something, but
if it combined with the word “on”, the meaning
becomes to dress on oneself. Then, the writer suggests
that the translation should be “Dia memakai topinya
dan meninggalkan ruangan.”
e. Clean the table off please!
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there is only one case of translation which is not in good qualities.
Here is the example:
1. Tolong bersihkan meja itu!
(student
2,5,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18,19,21,22,24,25,28,30)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“clean off” in the source language into “bersihkan” in
the target language. The suitable phrasal verb for the
word “bersihkan” is “clean up”. Then, the meaning of
“clean off” is removing from the surface of something.
36
Then, the writer suggests that the translation should be
“Tolong kosongkan meja itu.”
f. Put your toys away, Kid!
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there is only one case of translation which is not in good qualities.
Here is the example:
1. Buang semua mainanmu itu, Nak! (student
2,7,11,13,19)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“put away” in the source language into “buang” in the
target language. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“buang” is “throw away”. “Put away” means put
something in the place where it is kept. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be “Simpan kembali
mainanmu, Nak!”
g. She has a new hat on today.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there is only one case of translation which is not in good qualities.
Here is the example:
37
1. Dia mempunyai topi baru sekarang. (student
1,19,22,30)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“has on” in the source language into “mempunyai” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The word “has” means belong, own or
possess, but if it combined with the word “on”, the
meaning becomes to dress on oneself. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be “Dia memakai
topi baru hari ini.”
2. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs
a. Jim lives on $500 a month.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are three cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. Jim tinggal 500 dolar per bulan. (student 1,17,19)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“live on” in the target language into “tinggal” in the
38
target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The word “live” combined with the word “on”
means to spend or to exist. Then, the writer suggests
that the translation should be “Jim menghabiskan 500
dolar per bulan.”
2. Jim hidup dengan 500 dolar per bulan. (student
3,6,8,15,20,23,27)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“live on” in the target language into “hidup dengan” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The word “live” combined with the word “on”
means to spend or to exist. Then, the writer suggests
that the translation should be “Jim menghabiskan 500
dolar per bulan.”
3. Jim berpendapatan 500 dolar per bulan. (student 10)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The student translated the phrasal verb
“live on” in the target language into “bependapatan” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The word “live” combined with the word “on”
39
means to spend or to exist. Then, the writer suggests
that the translation should be “Jim menghabiskan 500
dolar per bulan.”
b. You must look after Andi today.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are three cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. Kamu harus mencari Andi hari ini. (student
1,2,5,9,15,19,23)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“look after” in the source language into ”mencari” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“mencari” is “look for”. “Look after” means to
supervise, to take care or to watch. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be “Kamu harus
menjaga Andi hari ini.”
2. Kamu harus menjenguk Andi hari ini. (student 6,20)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
40
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“look after” in the source language into ”menjenguk”
in the target language. It makes the sentence being out
of context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“mengunjungi” is “look in”. “Look after” means to
supervise, to take care or to watch. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be “Kamu harus
menjaga Andi hari ini.”
3. Kamu harus mengunjungi Andi hari ini. (student
10,29)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“look after” in the source language into
”mengunjungi” in the target language. It makes the
sentence being out of context. The suitable phrasal verb
for the word “mengunjungi” is “look in”. “Look after”
means to supervise, to take care or to watch. Then, the
writer suggests that the translation should be “Kamu
harus menjaga Andi hari ini.”
c. I ran into an old friend yesterday.
41
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are four cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. Saya pergi ke teman lama kemarin. (student 1,9,15,19)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“run into” in the source language into “pergi ke” in the
target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The meaning of “run into” is meeting
somebody accidentally. Then, the writer suggests that
the translation should be ”Saya bertemu teman lama
kemarin.”
2. Saya menemui teman lama kemarin. (student 2,3,26)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“run into” in the source language into “menemui” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“menemui” is “look in”. The meaning of “run into” is
meeting somebody accidentally. Then, the writer
42
suggests that the translation should be ”Saya bertemu
teman lama kemarin.”
3. Saya mengunjungi teman lama kemarin. (student
4,16,20)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“run into” in the source language into “mengunjungi”
in the target language. It makes the sentence being out
of context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“mengunjungi” is “look in”. The meaning of “run
into” is meeting somebody accidentally. Then, the
writer suggests that the translation should be ”Saya
bertemu teman lama kemarin.”
4. Saya menghampiri teman lama kemarin. (student 12)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The student translated the phrasal verb
“run into” in the source language into “menghampiri”
in the target language. It makes the sentence being out
of context. The meaning of “run into” is meeting
somebody accidentally. Then, the writer suggests that
43
the translation should be ”Saya bertemu teman lama
kemarin.”
d. We have a lot of things to answer for.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are two cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. Kita punya banyak hal yang harus dijawab. (student
3,9,24,26,30,14)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“answer for” in the source language into “dijawab” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The meaning of “answer for” is to accept
responsibility. Then, the writer suggests that the
translation should be ”Kita punya banyak hal yang
harus dipertanggungjawabkan.”
2. Kita punya banyak alasan untuk menjawabnya.
(6,7,10,15,10,18,21,25)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
44
“answer for” in the source language into
“menjawabnya” in the target language. It makes the
sentence being out of context. The meaning of “answer
for” is to accept responsibility. Then, the writer
suggests that the translation should be ”Kita punya
banyak hal yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan.”
e. I usually get on the bus at the station.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are two cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. Biasanya saya menunggu bus di terminal. (student 4,6)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“get on” in the source language into “menunggu” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“menunggu” is “wait for”. “Get on” means to enter, or
board. Then, the writer suggests that the translation
should be “Saya biasa naik bus di terminal.”
2. Saya biasanya mencari bus di terminal. (student 10,20)
45
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“get on” in the source language into “mencari” in the
target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“mencari” is “look for”. “Get on” means to enter, or
board. Then, the writer suggests that the translation
should be “Saya biasa naik bus di terminal.”
f. I will call for you at 7 tonight.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there are two cases of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here are the examples:
1. Saya akan meneleponmu jam 7 malam. (student
2,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,19,22,26,28,30)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“call for” in the source language into “menelepon” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The suitable phrasal verb for “menelepon” is
“call up.” “Call for” means to collect somebody to go
46
somewhere. Then, the writer suggests that the
translation should be “Saya akan menjemputmu jam 7
malam.”
2. Aku akan menghubungimu jam 7 malam. (student
4,7,18,21,24,25)
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“call for” in the source language into “menghubungi”
in the target language. It makes the sentence being out
of context. The suitable phrasal verb for “menelepon” is
“call up.” “Call for” means to collect somebody to go
somewhere. Then, the writer suggests that the
translation should be “Saya akan menjemputmu jam 7
malam.”
g. A beautiful woman waited on me in the restaurant yesterday.
According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that
there is only one case of translation which are not in good qualities.
Here is the example:
1. Kemarin ada seorang wanita cantik menungguku di
restoran. (student 1,3,9,10,19,23,26,30)
47
- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it
doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and
naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb
“wait on” in the source language into “menunggu” in
the target language. It makes the sentence being out of
context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word
“menunggu” is “wait for”. “Wait on” means to serve;
attend to; in a store or shop. Then, the writer suggests
that the translation should be “Seorang wanita cantik
melayani saya di restoran itu kemarin”.
After analyzing the translation by students, the writer finds that
mother tongue plays an important role in order to produce a good
translation. Mother tongue can affect the result of the students’ translation.
Indonesian language as students’ first language imposes their second
language learning process. It can lead to a faulty grammatical pattern or
wrong choice of vocabulary. Therefore, the students face difficulty to
translate the phrasal verbs correctly. Some of them find a problem in
identifying the phrasal verbs. It is a natural problem for the students.
Learning English in a non-English spoken country as in Indonesia is the
reason why the problem happens.
48
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. CONCLUSIONS
Every language has its own rule and structure. Therefore, the
students who learn second language such as English might face many
difficulties in expressing idea in written language. Phrasal verb is one of
the examples.
After analyzing the translation of phrasal verbs made by students,
the writer finds out that mother tongue affect the result of students’
translation both in separable and in inseparable phrasal verbs. There are
only 132 phrasal verbs which could not be translated in good qualities by
the respondents. Indonesian language as students’ first language imposes
their second language learning process. It can lead to a faulty grammatical
pattern or wrong choice of vocabulary. Therefore, the students face
difficulty to translate the phrasal verbs correctly. Some of them find a
problem in identifying the phrasal verbs. It is a natural problem for the
students. Learning English in a non-English spoken country as in
Indonesia is the reason why the problem happens.
B. SUGGESTIONS
Based on the results of the research, the writer addresses some
suggestions as follows:
49
1. The students should improve their mastery in English especially
phrasal verbs not only in the classroom but also outside the classroom
since the writer finds that the teaching of phrasal verbs in the
classroom is still lack of effectiveness.
2. The lectures should not only give the materials completely and
comprehensively but also monitor the students’ understanding towards
those materials.
Finally, the writer hopes that this study will be useful for the future
improvement in studying phrasal verbs in English Letters Department, also
for the readers who want to do further research of phrasal verbs.
50
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anonymous. Introduction to Semantics and Translation. Horsley Green:SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS, 1980.
Brinton, Laurel J. and Minoji Akimoto. Collocational and Idiomatic Aspects ofComposite Predicates in the History of English. Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins Publishing Company, 1999.
Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford UniversityPress, 1965.
Choliludin. The Technique of Making Idiomatic Translation. Jakarta: KesaintBlanc, 2005.
Effendi P, Rachmat. Cara Mudah Menulis dan Menerjemahkan. Jakarta: HAPSAet STUDIA, 2004.
House, Juliane. Translation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Kettemann, Bernhard and Georg Marko. Teaching and Learning by Doing CorpusAnalysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002.
Krohn, Robert. English Sentence Structure. Ann Arbor: The University ofMichigan Press, 1977.
Moentaha, Salihen. Bahasa dan Terjemahan. Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc, 2006.
Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. England: Pergamon Press, 1981.
_______. A Text Book of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall, 1988.
Nida, Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation.Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press,2000.
Sayogie, Frans. Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia.Jakarta: Lembaga Penelitian UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2008.
Werner, Patricia K. et. al. Interactions Grammar 2. New York: McGraw-Hill,1985.
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Widyamartaya, A. Seni Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989.
Websites:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation
APPENDIX
Translate the following sentences correctly!
1. John asked Susie for a cup of tea.
2. Jim lives on $500 a month.
3. You must look after Andi today.
4. Would you please add these names on to the list?
5. I ran into an old friend yesterday.
6. We have a lot of things to answer for.
7. I usually get on the bus at the station.
8. If you really love Jane, take her out.
9. The troops blow up the bridge.
10. I will call for you at 7 tonight.
11. He puts his hat on and leaves the room.
12. Clean the table off, please!
13. Put your toys away, Kid!
14. A beautiful woman waited on me in the restaurant yesterday.
15. She has a new hat on today.