A G H 2010

Profesor Zdzisław Bieniawski 1

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“Idea” #1

Badania polowew

Geoinżynierii

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Plate jacking tests

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Another well-known in situ test

Large

Flat

Jack

(LFJ) test

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Other types of large in situ tests Tri-axial block test Coal mine pillar test

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RMR versus Rock Mass Modulus Em from penetrometer tests (Galera 2005)

RMR versus ratio Emass/Eintact (penetrometer data after Galera 2005)

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Rock mass deformation Modulus (GPa)

EMASS = 10 [(RMR - 10)/40] and for RMR > 50: EMASS = 2 RMR – 100

Latest correlations (Galera 2008):

EMASS = 147 e [(RMR - 100)/24] - 0.2 RMR  Alternatively for RMR < 50: EMASS = 0.09 RMR

and for

RMR > 50: EMASS = 0.09 RMR + 1.06 (RMR-50) + 0.015(RMR-50)2   Correlation coefficient: R = 0.89.

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Rock Mass Modulus versus RMR and Q (check correlation)

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Rock Mass Strength

Kalamaras, 1995

Rock mass deformation Modulus

Another correlation by Galera 2008:

EMASS = Eintact e [(RMR - 100)/36]  

For full range of RMR   

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Rock mass strength (MPa)

MASS = c intact e [(RMR - 100)/24] Kalamaras [1995]

As per the last correlation of Galera 2008:

EMASS = E intact e [(RMR - 100)/36]

it follows:

EM M

Ei c

  

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This expression:

EM M

Ei c

is preferable to the Hoek – Brown criterion in which:

m/mi = e [(RMR - 100)/28] and s = e [(RMR -

100)/9]

Due to uncertainty of mi values and equating RMR with GSI  

  

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W a r n i n g !

Example of needed Rock Mechanics focus

Mechanized excavation in Mining and Tunneling

deserves special attention in Rock Mechanics today

Consider the case of TBM tunneling: determination of rock mass excavability

(TBM rate of advance)

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World Record!

The largest

Tunnel Boring Machine

(T B M)

cannot function without Rock Mechanics!

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Ratings for Rock Mass Excavability index (RME): Input parameters

Uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock [0 – 25 points]ci (MPa) < 5 5-30 30-90 90-180 > 180

Ratings 4 14 25 14 0

Drillability – Drilling Rate Index [0 – 15 points]DRI > 80 80-65 65-50 50-40 < 40

Ratings 15 10 7 3 0

Discontinuities at excavation front [0 – 40 points]Homogeneity No. of joints per metre Orientation versus tunnel axis

Homogeneous Mixed 0-4 4-8 8-15 15-30 >30 Perpendicular Oblique Parallel

Ratings 10 0 5 10 20 15 0 5 3 0

Stand up Time [0 – 25 points]Hours < 5 5-24 24-96 96-192 > 192

Ratings 0 2 10 15 25

Groundwater inflow [0 – 5 points]litres/sec > 100 70-100 30-70 10-30 < 10

Ratings 0 1 2 4 5

Roof Span versus Stand Up Time as function of RMR and Q

Correlation between Rock Mass Excavability index (RME) and Average Rate of Advance (m/day) for Double Shield TBMs

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Double Shield TBMs σci < 45 MPa

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10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

RME

ARAT(m/day)

Abdalajís Gilgel Gibe II - Inlet Guadarrama

ARAT = 0,661RME - 20,4R = 0,867

NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE FOR RME < 10 FOR

ci < 45 MPa

“Idea” #3

Maszyny tarczowe

T B M

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Badania polowe w geoinżynieriiBadania polowe w geoinżynierii

ProfesorProfesor

Z.T. Bieniawski Z.T. Bieniawski

A G H 2010A G H 2010

Kraków

Dziękuję za słuchanie