A Framework for Web and Mobile Volunteered

Geographic Information Applications

Clodoveu Davis, Hugo Vellozo, Michele PinheiroDepartamento de Ciência da Computação

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Introduction

VGIVolunteered Geographic Information

New Datafrom local knowledge

Updatingwith local knowledge

Social interaction

Web 2.0

MotivationEach VGI project tends to be unique as to

ThemeGeographic representation alternatives

AttributesUser identification style

Validation / confirmation / curation / moderation mechanismUser interaction style

As a consequence, it is difficult to implement reusable VGI solutions

A VGI Framework• Although there are VGI applications require many

parameters, a generic structure can be designed

• Each parameter is handled by a module in the framework• Modules can be included or left out of an implementation• New modules can be included in the future• Common management and monitoring functions are

included by default• Custom adaptations can be handled

A VGI FrameworkPresentation layer

Business layer

Data layer

Data Layer

Business Layer• The business layer contains a set of services

that mediate communications between the Data layer and the Presentation layer• Each service follows a specific pattern,

containing:• Protocol• Insertion and retrieval services• Access drivers

Business Layer• Protocol defines the standards used by components on the business layer

for communication:• Format of message (XML, JSON, and respective standard schemas)

• Web protocol (HTTP and others)

• Insertion and Retrieval Services define the group of operations that interact with specific targets on the data layer

• Access Drivers vary according to the technology used in the Data and Business layers• The data layer defines which DBMS will be connected

• The services on the Business layer define the context of the implementation, such as programming language

Presentation Layer• The Presentation layer is described using the Model-

View-Controller design pattern• Model

• Includes data transfer operations between applications and the business layer

• Controller• Processes data that are sent to the model and view components• Includes hardware operations such as collecting GPS data, etc.• Includes different components depending on the environment

• View• Comprehends the user interface• Includes base map alternatives and forms to receive contributions

Presentation Layer

• These groups correspond to parts of the generic conceptual database schema

Case Study: Strepitus• Strepitus was implemented in order to apply the

framework concepts • Many VGI applications are useful on urban

management• In general they can help to discover city areas that need

governmental assistance• Strepitus application was developed with the aim of

offering:• Users a way to register noise pollution• Government a tool that can provide evidences of areas with

this type of conflict

Strepitus - Architecture• Some features of the framework were adapted to

be used on Strepitus• As defined previously, the application is designed in

three layers

Strepitus – Data Layer• Data layer implemented over PostgreSQL/PostGIS• A subset of the generic schema was implemented,

since the application is simple

Strepitus – Data Layer• Contribution class: limited to three classes• Contribution• ContributionVersion• Feature

• This approach considers that contributions cannot be edited or removed• Noise level typically captured by hardware (mobile app),

so not editable• Registers an instantaneous event

Strepitus – Data Layer• Three classes have not been used• Entity: Strepitus covers a single theme• Comment and Feeling: decision to capture

instantaneous events based on user-provided measurements

• The remaining classes were implemented as in the framework definition• User• LogUser• ContributionType

Strepitus – Data Layer• The ContributionType includes a reference table on

typical noise sources for the non-measuring Web application

Strepitus – Business Layer• Includes two services• Custom Web service

• Implemented in PHP• Uses JSON and HTTP• Access database using a default PHP library• Used by the mobile applications to retrieve and insert data• Used by the Web application to insert data

• Geoserver• An open source application• Builds catalogs of geographic data from various spatial formats• Publishes data over interoperable OGC standards• Used by the Web application to retrieve data

Strepitus – Presentation Layer• Mobile and Web applications follow the MVC

pattern• iOS• Android• Web

• The views implemented are• Login• Register• Contribution Map• New Contribution

Strepitus – Presentation Layer• Mobile apps• Implemented using Objective-C and Android SDK• Collect noise level and GPS location from the hardware

• Web application• Implemented using PHP and Javascript (Openlayers, Geoext,

Extjs)• The location is indicated interactively by the user over a

basemap and converted by Openlayers• The noise level is approximated by the user using a

reference noise scale

Strepitus – Presentation Layer

Android version iOS version

Strepitus – Presentation Layer

Conclusions and Future Work• The proposed framework has been fully defined,

but alternative components must still be developed

• Focus on a variety of generic and reusable components• Extensibility• Integration of VGI applications for Web and Mobile

environments, to be released simultaneously• Priority extensions

• Social network integration• Validation functions• Visualization (feedback) functions

Conclusions and Future Work• Strepitus is a first application that allows us to test

the ideas behind the framework, and to assess the power of mobile implementations for VGI• Without any publicity campaign, most of the

contributions were provided by mobile devices• But smartphones are still scarce in Brazil

• Mobile capabilities are required as part of user motivation for VGI applications

Availability• iOS and Android versions of Strepitus are all available on

respective app stores• They can be downloaded forfree• Online application is hosted at:• geo.lbd.dcc.ufmg.br/strepitus

• More information about new versions:• Facebook: facebook.com/Strepitus• Twitter: @StrepitusApp

A Framework for Web and Mobile Volunteered

Geographic Information Applications

clodoveu@dcc.ufmg.br