a focus on success the modern michigan department of ... · understanding the mdoc • the mdoc is...

A Focus on SuccessThe Modern

Michigan Department of

Corrections

Kyle Kaminski, Offender Success Administrator

What is Offender Success?

Punishment vs. Incapacitation vs. Rehabilitation?

2

The MDOC’s answer: A joint focus on near-term public safety from our operations and long-term public safety from achieving Offender Success.

Offender Success, which was developed by the MDOC, was formally adopted as the MDOC’s model in 2015. The foundation of this model is to provide offenders with programming, education, and opportunities to become self-sufficient, positive members of their respective communities as a means of reducing crime producing public safety.

Understanding the MDOC

• The MDOC is more than just prisons.

• Probation (43,000), Prison (38,693), and Parole (13,000)

• 30 Correctional Facilities, 105 Field Offices, 13,000 employees.

• Roughly ½ of MDOC employees are not engaged in direct custody functions.

• Educators, Healthcare Providers, Mental Health Providers, Field Agents, Offender Success Staff, Accountants, Food Service, etc.

• The MDOC represents 20% of Michigan’s General Fund budget and about 3.6% of Michigan’s total budget.

• The Department impacts every community within the state.

3

The Role of the MDOC Within the Criminal Justice System

MDOC Directly Controls

• Prisoner Programming Opportunities

• Placement/Classification of Prisoners within the MDOC

• When a Prisoner will Parole after Minimum Sentence Completed

• If a Parolee will Return to Prison for a Technical Violation of Parole

• If an Offender will Discharge Prior to Their Maximum Sentence

MDOC Does Not Control

• What Constitutes a Criminal Violation of the Law

• Who is Sentenced to Prison

• How Many People are Sentenced to Prison

• The Prisoner’s Minimum and Maximum Sentence

• If a Parolee will Return to Prison for a New Offense While on Parole

4

The Role of the MDOC Within the Criminal Justice System

(Continued)

• The Availability of Diversion Programs (Community Corrections)

• The Sentencing Recommendation of the MDOC (Straddle Cells)

• The Recommendations for Probation Violation Sanctions

• The Supports Available to Parolees

• Legislative Reforms that Impact the Prison, Probation, and Parole Populations

5

The MDOC Can Influence the Following:

31,000

32,000

33,000

34,000

35,000

36,000

37,000

38,000

39,000

40,000

41,000

42,000

43,000

44,000

45,000

46,000

47,000

48,000

49,000

50,000

51,000

52,000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Mo

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Start of Year

Michigan Department of Corrections

ACTUAL PRISON POPULATION SINCE 1991

After growth of 20,000+ inmates in 16 years, a decline of 8,650 in 5

years, and 3 years of stability, the prison population decline continues.

51,554March 2007

----------------Peak Population

6

38,827June 2018

----------------Down to

1996 prison levels*

*And 1992-1993 total prisoner population levels whenMichigan had halfway houses (CRP)

Who Goes to Prison?

• Roughly 20% of felony dispositions result in a prison sentence

• Offense Types: Assaultive – 43%, Non-Assaultive (excluding drugs) – 42%, Drug Offenses – 15%

• Race: White – 53%, Non-White – 47%

• Age: 19 and under – 5.4%, 20-29 – 37%, 30-39 – 29%, 40 and over – 28.3%.

7

9,169

9,5849,424

8,809 8,922

9,610

11,050

10,311

9,811

10,241

11,094

10,705

9,715

9,2959,158

8,7568,882

9,2378,983

8,664

8,085

7,6957,460

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018**


Prison Intake*

*Includes new court commitments, probation violators (technical or new sentence), parole violators new sentence, and escapee new sentence.

8

Front End Impact: Annual prison intake decreased by 21% from 2007 to 2011 and then

increased for 2 years. Through June 2018, the decline since 2013 continues, to levels not

seen since before 1988.

** 2018 data through June extrapolated to full year.

47.046.1

48.949.9 49.2 48.7

50.148.7 48.7

50.148.7

44.042.6

44.0

41.943.2

42.2

44.1 43.7

45.4

49.648.6

47.5

49.9

51.7 52.251.4

53.254.1

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Prison Intake by Average Cumulative Minimum Term in Months

9

Impact on Length of Stay: The average minimum term shows the influence of the surge in

13-24 month minimums in the 2000’s and the steady impact of the 61+ month minimums.

** 2018 data through June.

What Happens While In Prison?

• A lot. . .

• Healthcare

• Mental Health

• Volunteer Programs

• Work

• Leisure Time

• Count

• Preparing for Reentry

10

Education and ProgrammingThe Foundations for Success

• What Will Time in Prison be Used to Accomplish?

• Education

• High School Equivalency

• Career and Technical Education

• Post Secondary

• Employment Readiness

• Programming

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

• Violence Prevention Programming

• Batterer’s Intervention

• Substance Abuse Programming

• Sex Offender Programming

11

Correctional Education – Michigan’s Largest Provider of Adult Education

•Operate 30 schools statewide

•Approximately 7,500 prisoners are in school on any given day

•Roughly 15 different trades offered by the MDOC, with 5 new trades in development

•A Focus on Workforce Development

•Over 700 prisoners actively engaged in college programming (without state funding support)

Vocational Villages

13

Handlon Correctional Facility Parnall Correctional Facility

Vocational Villages

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBoLYPlItXs

• Prisoners apply to participate

• Must meet screening requirements

• Participants live in dedicated housing units

• Simulate a full days work schedule

• Employer job fairs and tours to show our programs

• Employment Counselors work directly with employers and students to facilitate job interviews while still incarcerated

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBoLYPlItXs

What is the Purpose of Prisoner Programming?

• The goal of the criminal justice system is to hold individuals accountable while making the community safe.

• Incarceration has a near-term “incapacitation” impact, but there is no literature that shows that simply being incarcerated reduces the likelihood of future offenses.

• The focus must be on helping individuals understand their thoughts, feelings, and actions so that better, safer decisions can occur in the future.

15

How much intervention?

What to target or change?

How to intervene?

Risk principle

Need principle

Responsivity principle

16

Principles of Effective Intervention

Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR)

Criminogenic Needs

• Anti-Social Cognition

• Anti-Social Peers

• Anti-Social Personality

• Family

• Substance Abuse

• Employment

• Education

• Leisure/Recreation

17

18

Program Post-ERDNon-PVT

ERD to Six Months

Six Months to One Year

Total

VPP 81 63 158 302

MSOP 68 71 61 200

T4C 41 46 333 420

Program Post-ERDNon-PVT

ERD to Six Months

Six Months to One Year

Total

VPP 382 784 1,166

MSOP 399 568 967

T4C 123 251 374

Programming Waitlist Update

2013

Current

What the MDOC Has Done to Improve Programming

19

• The Department has increased programming resources

• The MDOC now tracks programming waitlists on a

statewide basis.

• The MDOC transfers prisoners between facilities to

maximize programming opportunities.

• The Department ensures prisoners placed in programming

have a “hold” that cannot be broken by the facility.

• Specialists review individual cases where

recommendations may be incorrect and work with the

Parole Board to correct them.

• Continuous Quality Assurance activities occur to ensure

core programming fidelity.

68.2%

64.6%

61.1%

63.3%

57.4%

55.0%

57.9%

55.3%

51.3% 51.5%

47.3% 47.7%48.4%

51.8% 51.5%

54.7%

51.7%52.5%

58.1%

62.4%

55.9%

65.5% 65.0%

67.6%

65.1%

68.0%

71.2%72.2% 72.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018**


Parole Approval Rate

20

Impact on Length of Stay: The parole approval rate edged up in 2016 and 2017 as first

hearing prisoners become more prepared to successfully reenter society before PB review.

As of June 2018, the higher trend continues.

** 2018 data is through June.

851

969

1,051

1,174

1,299

1,449

1,629

1,699 1,714

1,925 1,929

1,781

1,713

1,655

1,502

1,188

1,126

961

898

849 833

647

555 544

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018**


Discharges on the Maximum Sentence

21

Impact on Releases: Since peaking in 2005, discharges on the maximum continue over a decade of decline due to the higher parole approval rate.

** 2018 data is through June extrapolated for full year.

22

Impact on Releases: After a record high in 2009, PB decisions are lower as prisoners are more prepared

to successfully reenter society at their first parole hearing resulting in fewer subsequent hearings.

17,597 17,67317,225

20,03720,460

21,56822,255

23,74724,109

23,583

20,915

21,902

23,770

22,164

26,752

21,800

17,110

15,847 16,02015,593 15,604

14,848 14,586

13,432

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018**


Parole Board Decisions


Return to the Community• The MDOC works with 11 Offender Success

Administrative Agencies to provide reentry supports to parolees. Categories of support include:

• Residential Stability

• Job Placement

• Social Support

• Health and Behavioral Health

• Michigan is one of the first states to utilize performance-based contracts for Reentry.

• Additional supports are available for specialized populations.

23

45.744.9

43.5

41.9

39.3 39.1

40.8 40.6

36.5

33.2

31.530.6

29.0

30.331.0

29.8

28.1

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


Return to Prison Rate*

* Includes cases that were returned to prison on Parole Technical Violations or for a New Sentence within three years of parole release.

24

Impact on Returns: Since establishing the baseline for recidivism in 1998, there has been continuing improvement with a fairly stable rate between 2008 and 2013 in the 29%-32% range. The Return to Prison Rate for 2014 paroles hit

an all-time low of 28.1% (placing Michigan in the top 10 states in the country).

1,916

2,577

2,668

3,1103,186

3,111

3,2363,289

2,161

3,013

2,859

3,157

2,094

1,878

2,127

2,373

1,893

2,698

2,020

1,686

1,854

1,958

1,691

1,562

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018**


Parole Technical Violator Returns to Prison

25

Impact on Returns: Parole technical violator returns to prison have returned to twenty year lows and are down over 50% from the 2002 high.


890

1,033

1,2881,345

1,259

1,1661,195

1,441

1,644

1,802

1,879

2,0201,985

2,0251,970

1,794

1,525

1,406 1,393

1,267

1,1591,105

1,029

960

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018**


Parole Violator New Sentence Intake

26

Impact on Returns: The parole violator new sentence (PVNS) intake resulting from new felony prosecutions continues its decline for the tenth year.


36,000

37,000

38,000

39,000

40,000

41,000

42,000

43,000

44,000

45,000

46,000

47,000

48,000

49,000

50,000

51,000

52,000

53,000

Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Jan-21 Jan-22

Nu

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End of Month


ACTUAL AND PROJECTED PRISON POPULATION

Actual Prison Population 02/2018 Prison Population Projection

27

The new prison population projection anticipates a continued but slowing decline as a baseline forecast absent any new initiatives.

What are the Results of Offender Success?

• Today there are roughly 5,000 fewer people in Michigan’s prisons compared to the day when the model was implemented.

• The MDOC has closed 3 prisons since Offender Success was launched, savings taxpayers over $70m per year.

• Parole rates are at an all time high, parolee employment is at its highest levels since we began tracking it, and recidivism is at an all time low, showing that this approach to corrections can produce results.

• Programming and educational opportunities have been increased in prisons.

• For the first time in decades, space is being added to prisons not for additional beds, but for additional programs.

28

What is the Future of Corrections?

• The advancement of criminal justice policy is often more of a pendulum than a straight line.

• Stakeholders in Michigan have still not fully grappled with the policies that resulted in the significant increase in the prison population.

• While the prison population is declining, the specialized populations within the MDOC (elderly, mentally ill, substance use disorder, etc.) appear to be increasing.

• The MDOC will approach the natural “floor” for prisoners over the next five years absent changes to the law or the creation of new initiatives.

29

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Kyle Kaminski, Offender Success Administrator

[email protected]

a focus on success the modern michigan department of ... · understanding the mdoc • the mdoc is...

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