.1.41111111.11111111111111111mmeminie..nr.777:71111111 I IMNIMNINNI.1. to

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF EDUCATIONab.

.....11"1==111=441111M.m

#

4

fr

. BULLETIN, .1 923, No. 22

EDUCATR*AL WORKOF

SII

THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUSO

BY

MARK J. SWEANY,I.

DInCTOR OF THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

.

Advance Sheets from the Biennial Survey of Education- in the United States, 1920-1922 ]

Ale

sse

r

Is

es

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE'

1923

,

f.

a

MIN t [j

A

ran.

[

0.

.

.44.

4

I.

-

es

kWO

4

/ I

7

. a .

r.

a

S.

4

ADDITIONAL COPIESoF THIS PUBLICATIoN MAY DE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPERINTENDENT oF DOCUMENTSGOVERNMENT PRINTING oFFICE

WASHINGTON, D.

AT

5 CENTS PER Copy

PURCHASER AGREES NoT TO RESELL UR DISTRIBUTE THISCOPY FOR PRoFIT.PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922

s.

.8

41P

aa,0

.

4.. .4

."). .,

4 4

'

or

I lo

4.

F

a

a

C.

Oa

; . . $ I .

I .1 ,, a ....4 *,. r I It ¡ . e

l % .' 4 , . O.'

) i. .. s

I r

l' ;: I ' r . I

r .

tt

O.

I.

" ..

; al

I

V

A

.

. .

sAl

:

. ft.

frl*

4 e

I.

.

rib

a

b.

FOREWORD.

The Knights of Columbus is primarily and essentially a fratermilsociety, but the order has never permitted itself to be circumscribedwithin the narrow limits of insurance benefits ael selfish socialinterests. It has from its very inception fostered and exercied thatbroader spirit; of fr4te.rnity which signalizes the history of the Knights'of Coltuntus.fts a record of service to%od,- to foimtry, and to ourfellow man. A neiv page of tharhistory is being written. The storyof the educationol work in which the order has been engaged 'duringthe past four years is an interesting recoitl of itchievement: In thefollowing report of the res'ults that have, been accomplished we do

profess to set forth completely their value tp the order, to theNation, and to the students who have participated in the educationalopportunities that we have offered. These results can not now heapigaiised in all their fullness, for, though:they are in.some degreeimmediate and tangible, in a larger sense they are of thwfuture andtime alone ctin be theirlmetiure and their test. .

It is our purpose, therefore, in the following report, briefly topresent the outstanding features of the development of our eauca-7.tional program, -together with çertain facts' and figures that Willindicate its scope -and purpose and the extent. of the. undertaking.We are fairly launched upon ome of the gréatest works that the orderhas ever undertakenan enterprise offering unlimited possibilitiesand beset with tremendous difficulties.

14288V-23

fi

4

III

I

/ID

not

.

9 I

t

". i

;

ir

lt

o.

I

r

. J .

. . '.

;

EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.

By MARK J. SWF:ANY,

Director of the fRights of Columbus Educational Activities.

41.

.

CoNTExTs.Ilistodeal sketchEarly educatIonpl work of the Knights4of ColumbusEducational

work for.former serxice nrn: 1.:Et4ning schools; 2..Colfege scholarships: 3. Correspondence

coursesConclusion.

HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The Knights of Columbus is fraternal and beneficent society of

Catholic men, founded in New Haven, Conn., on February 2, 1882,

and incorporated under the laws of the State of Connecticbut on March

29, 1882.On Dec:ember 31, 1922, the total.membetship-of the 'Knights of

Columbus was 774,189. This membership was divided among 59

State counclils, and, the State councils were in turn divided into 2,290

subordinate Councils. The membership is- confined to the UnitedStates and its Territorial possessions, to Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and

the Panama Canal Zone.

EARLY EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.

The purpose of the founders was to develop practical Catholicity

among the members, to promote educational and charitable activities,

and, by meanof its insurance department to give financial assist-

ance to the families of deceased members. From the very begin- .

ning of the organization,.

education has always occupied an important

position in the activitiés of the, Knights of Columbus, but in the eArlier

:%'ears,of the existence of the' order the educatiopal activities were 'cans

tied on almost entirely by t4e individutil subordinate councils of the,

organization and were' confided to lecture çourses, the 'founding. of

scholarships in local institutions, the 'Acing or books in libraries,

and other matters of a similar nature.In 1904 the order presented $50,000 to the Catholic 'University of

America at Witshington, for the purpose of endowing a chair in:

Amerkan hisiory. Tilis work is still behig carried cin from this fund

at the university. . IIn. the years immediately fpllowing the endowment ot.the chair

in American history tit the' Çathólic University 1pf America at.

Washington, $500,000 .was raised among the' members of till) orgitaft .

ization to cieate an endowment in perpetuity .for. 50 seholarsfiips

,

lb

.

O.

á

.

*..

.

4 .

.. .

.

,

..

.

-. ,.

J.

,.

:

.!.. . ,.

.. ,

.... : : .

. . .ò.

...!. I AJ :" 4:st 0 ..00' . A

I 4 o,r

.. .

_

.. .

;..

y

4*)

2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCAfION, in0-1922.

the Catholic University. The campaign to raise this money was .

carried to a successful conclusion, and the 'scholarships %were inti-tuted and have been since maintained. The.0 scholarships are *con-fined exclusively to the Catholic University of America and orelimitvd in their application .to active members of the Knights ofColumbus or to the soils of such iiiembers. Earhyear competitiveexaminations ere held, and as a r(sult of these examinations studentiare seleCted for fhese scholarships at the Catholic Univpity. Sofar as is practicable, stuants are apportioned on a geographicalbasis. -As an illustration of the-manner in whicla examinations forthese scholarships are handled, I give below a notice published inthe Knights of Columbus mCmthly magazine "Columbia":

411.

e

OF- KNIGHTS cpLumBus SCHOLARSHOIS.

A competitive examination fcr the gradu-ate Scholarships established bythe knights of Columbus in the Catholic University will be held April 14,1923. t

Applications should be filed before March 17), I923.Eligible candidahs.The examinatiofi is open to men stufients who have

receive(' the Bachelor's degree in Arts, Science or Letters and to those whoam now in the Senior clam in college.- Students who desire, as K. of C.Scholars, to enter the 'Law School of the rniveisity, must have received bothIle Bachelor's degree (in Arts, Science or Letters) and the (legree Bachelorof Laws.

Pvbjects of examinntimi.A11 candidates are required to taVe examihationin English. History% and Mathematics. Each is further -required to takeexamination in Physics or Chemistry or Biology; and in Latin or Greek or oneof the modern languages (French, German, SpaniA). The candidate willselect the.science and the language in which he desirm to take examitiation.

Tenure.The Scholarship entitles the holder to board, lodging and tuitionin the University during the academic year. It is available' for the minimumperiod required for obtainibg an avanced dpgree, viz, for the Mastership inArt$, one year; fpr. the Masteiship in Philosophy, two ye4rs; for the Doctoratein Philosphy, three yeárs.

DIRECTOR OF STUDIES,Thf 'Ca-00k nitnAly of .4 make, Washinglon, D. C.

EDUCATIONAL WORK FOR FORMER SERVICE MEN.

0 '

When the United State& cif AnIcTica declared war against Germanyin April, f917, the Knights of Coiumbus, through their supremeboard of director4, passed the following tesolution:

,'iher. supreme board cif directors of the Knights of geiumbus .at,Ei regular meetingheld on the1.4th day of April, 19,17; in the ci.ty of Washington, realizing that the crisisconfronting out country cO118 for the active cooperation and patriotic. zeal of 460,000mexiiberis of the ordey in thii cpuntry to bur Republie.and its laws, pledge their con-tinued and unconditiofial suppOrt to the President and the Congiess of the Nation, in .

determination to protect its honor and its ideals thumanity and right.

Irf ac;e6r4ance 'with thti spirit. of . this resolution, the order at owe.

.OndertOk tò raise for.,welfare PurOo!;ps. admit the soldiets $i 000 040.

.,

. , z'..

.8

a

.

-

. .

.

1.

.

.

4 'f')

.. .

*. . c .

46

..

.... .... -:

-. -... _

, .4,..: .. :, 0

1 :g 'oI ..

i . :

&Altii t. : ; ;: -....,.,... ,

.

l[c:.'.:',.-.....,, ... .,,...

)).3:.,r... ,

.:::'...:.)..-.,.. ... ..

,....4.-.-t-c ...

t, tWeir -;........,-.....;.-..,:. ::.....;..

..,,., .. ... ,. _..

, ._

1

e

a

. . .... , .. . .,

EDUCATIONAL WORK OF KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.

This aniount was raised by Tier capita tax on the -membership. Afe months later drives for raising money for Knights öf Colunibuswelfare work amon'g soldiers were: carried on by tilt% local -councilsin on parts of the.country. TIT total amount, raised by these drivesas about.. 814,000,000. At a later time, in November, 1918, just

on the .eve of the armistice, the Knight's ,of Columbus partieipatedwith other welfare organ izat i-ons in-raising money for -welfare workamong the soldieN. .The amount. apportioned to the Kniglits of.Columbus Rind the National Catholic War Council. was $30,000,000.

a result of the money raised in this drive and the earlier drives,the order was in a position to carry on systematic welfare workamong the soldiers, both at home tind abroad. Secretaries andchaplains were placed-in all Army camps and cantonments. Knightsof Columbus hiiihlings were erected and community centers weree.41lbiished. A total ot 260 buildings were erected, 1,13.4 secretariesphiced in this country,' and 309 uriits put in operation. Foreignheadquarters were established in Paris and London. The number ofecretaries sent oversea§ -was 1,075. The motto adopted by the

Knights of Columbus in its war ,work was, "Everybody welcomeeverything free," and this slogan was literally Adhered to throughoutthe war. At. the close of thg war the Knights of Columbus stillcontinued their welfare work in the, Army cainps in this country, andin certain places attn.* until November, 1919, when the UatedStates Governmerit took full control of such mutter§. At this timethe Knights of Columbus 'still haul a fund of about $.19,000,000 in itsposeion. Since that time; still following its motto of wa mes---" Evervbody welcomeeverything free"the Knights of Colum ushas been i%onductting an educational systeni free to former *servicengln which .has been m4intained not only out: of thiv interest but outof the principal of the fund' remaining at the close .of the .waf.

-The, three outstanding features of our educational work sifice the..

war have heen:1. The evening schools.

.2, The scholarships.3. The correspondence school.

The educational -work giyen it all cif these subdivisions has béenentirely free to former service men..

1. EVENING 811100L.8.or,

(a) Camp schootg for 8erike men. in Jung, 1919, tl;te Knights ,ofCplumbus instituted educational courses at Camp Devens, Mass., forthe m6n in service. By November 1, 1919, the date on which wO

were demobilited' ofit of the campp, we were conducting educatiónalcourses in 25 campsTandnaial stitiáns, *ith a total registration of

. 3

.

.

.

II

4

;

.

BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1920-4922.

5,884 litud6nts. These couros were suc,tessful; so successful, in faa,that general regret was expr68sed by the enlisted men anti by therespective officers in charge when we weie ordered t..9 withdraw.But our educational experience in the camps, brief though it was,broughthome to us very forcibly the realization that there was neeilamong the young men of draft age for training in vocational subjectsand an eagerness on their part to Jake advantage .of educationalopportunities when these were presented to them.

If this was true of the men in sice., it could be no less true-ofthe men discharged from the service. In fact, the plight of the lat-ter, conlionted as iitarry of them were with the necessity of seekingnew employment upon. their return to civil life, was evint more acuteand their eagerness to grasp educational opportunities was moreintense than ever before.

(b) Evening srhobts slipported by war fond free to ex-service web.--The Knights of Columbus was the first oiNganization to offer to theable-bodied ex-service man, witho-ut cost to himself, tvening coun,esin academk, colt -and trade, or, technical subjects to itssi!,thim to remove the.deficiencies in his educational training occasionedby the war and to fit him for more attractive occupations and greaterusefulness. The first Knights of Columbus evening school was openedin Boston, Mass., 'on July 7, 1919. On September 6, 1919, it 'wasdecided that no° moren valuable servic'e.could be rendered than theinstitution of schools of this typé in the larger ci4es throughout thecountry, to be supported out of the fund remaining in our hands.Ari-angements-were made for the cairying out of this plan, with theresult that the work spread rapidly to all parts of the country, sothat before the .close of the school :year 45 'committee schools wereestablished an& 31,163 stuaents were enrollea. Although provisionwas made for the admission of applicants who had not been in serv-ice, upon payment by them of a tuition fee, the numbo* of pay stu-dents enrolled during this first school year wits án inconsiderablepart of the entire membership.

(c) Council 8cIwols supported .hyfres paid by Hudept 4. The actipnof the supreme council of7the Knights of Columbus at 'Buffalo onAugust 7, 1919, authorizing the appointment of a committee oneducation to put into .effed the institution of a system of councilschools to be maintained by fees paid by students, and aivropriating$50,000 .fo.r administrative purpses, *4 not in its origirial intpt inany *ay related to out:efforts on 1;ehaKof the ex-service zi.fitn, bút itWAS no less practical in its aim and patriotic in its puTpose. CoursesIi#7ére to be offered by councils to members and to othéis desiringoccupational guidance and training under .auspices Mae. woul4incuicatte deareir ideas of Ameti* life, to the end that the. knowledge

Ja

ai

. .

,

,

. ,

.

-. .

,

.-.. ...

. . : N e 'a % ,

:.:

,

' . ...-

P .

... 4. ....

I.

.1

4

EDUCATIONAIr WORK OF KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.

giined in these schools would be used not only for theadvaneement

of the individual but also for the greater good of the conimunity.

in-keeping also with the desire to provide under our auspices free

epportuctities for advancintent to as many ex-service men as 'possible,

we decided to Pay out of the war fund- the fees a ex-service men

attending as students in council sehools to be estilblistred in conhirmity

- with the plan atid.to be approved by the committe.There were 21 council schools instituted and sdecessfully conductod

during the §chool year 1919-20, giving instruction to over 7,000 men

and women.As will be noted from the description above, the committee school

is one that is under,the direct, control of the Knights a Columbus

educational eommittee and one ko which funds are- supphed directly

frimi the central office of the order at New 'Haven, for the mainteganc$

of all school work. -A council school, on the ot.her hand, is one-under-

taken oft the initiative of the local suhordiiìate councils and assisted

only by the central orgirnization to the 6tent that the tuition fees

of all service me,n are paid front the war- fund: It will be noted

further that, while service men are free to enter both ,committee and-

council schobIs withOut any payment of tuition or other charges, the

evening schools are also open to civilians upon the payment ol

moderati tuition fee. Both committee find council schools have

been mamtained up to the present time.During the school yetkr 1920-21 the nuriAler.of committee sciwools

increased Yom 48..to 87 am-, the -number of council schools increased

from 21 to 38. The enrollniept, in. all committee schools increased.

from 3.1,163 in 1919-20 to a total or-79,843 for the year. 1920-21.

The enrollmént in all council schools increased from 3,198. to 19.461,

..so that during this perioct the Knights of Columbus condticted a

system comprising 125 evening schools, located. iu 31 States. The

total enroll etif in All sawols was 99,310 students, distributed among

S6 different Courses.During the school year 1921-22 the total number of eveni4

schools in operation was 106, comprising 75 committee schools and

-3 i council schools. These schoöls-were distributed among 37 States.

The total enrollment in all courses in all schoolswas- 89,931, come.

prising a total .of 67,196 in committee schools and 22,735 in council

schools.- The total number of courses offered was 86. While the

total imiaber pf students enrolled for the year 1941-22 wiq3 smaller

to some extent than for.the prepedink year, yet .the 'student body

has shown z `Thaiked improyerae.lit film, year to *year.: During 'the

.period -of th'e free eveiting..schools a certain number of young'

- 'Neu_ hicking stability and initiatr- Iteré,...enrol1ed4in.. our courses:

--They were attiacted by. Curiosity aria: exeitement for dam&.

. .

.

a:

J.A

htitely4

.0 ts

BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EPUCATIoN.Ofr39-1922.

thing neu in educational work. This type of young mAn had noserious' fiurpose in viers: anti 14(X)11 dropped Out As a consequence.our student body for 1921-22 was of a superiot type.- A secondreason for this improvement in i ht student PeNonnel was Limines-s

tionahly the griming confidence in Uie Knights of Cohunbus eveningschool as an .educat ional institution. Furthermor, the member-ship of the schools duringt he past year has to ti large extent includedstudents who were in attendance in earlier years and whose per-sistency was evidence of- their appri:ciation of the opportunitiesoffered and their serimisness in the PUN-114:6f such opportunities.

ks complete.statistics for the school year 1922--23 can not be corn-.piled until the clot* of the F.-;Lool year, it has been thought, betternet to- insert incomplt st itistics in regard to tile current schollfyear. The eve

- look, however, are7sItill maintained inthe samb man era wy have been in previous yeam

2. COLLEGE SCHOLARSHIPS.

The Knights of Columbus was not only the first organization toprovide for abk-hodied ex-service men opporhinities for free inst rue-

4tion in evening vocational courses, but it was also the first to offerto them full scholarships in college cotirses leading to the degree ofbachelor of arts, bachelor of sciepce, or their,equivalent. The firstannouncement of Knights of Columbus scholaNhips to ex-servicemen, was made on August 17, J911), when the following publir state-

, ment was issued;With a view to gettirig the men who retuin from ArmygInd Navy service hark toserious educational occupation, and to refitting them to take par1 in the most

fiebils Wconstrurt ion , the war activities committee cf the Knighta of Columbus ofilimscholarahips, induang tuition, incidental fees, booko, nevmiry equipment, board,and lodging% 'for a complete technical, scientific, mining; agricultural or foreignservice- coulee; Cot) 50 EK bolarahips for a complete academic course.

It was kipulated, in addition, that applications would be accepted7for scholanibips only in certain institutions designated by t commit-hptee, and that no professional or postgraduate courses, such 118 law,medicine, and dentistry, would be given.

While it .was the intent of the commitieei as originally announcred,to limit the number of schol.arghips to 100, to he awarded on a compettive ba5is, the comparative merit'of applicants to be ,determined by.exa tions to be conducted by the board of entransbe of the various'

tions, the committee later deciiied that a scholarship wouldho awarded to every applicant wful might be certified as eligible foradmission to the institution for which he applied, apd that the: time elimit for receiving applications would be exte.oded to September 30,1919.

.141

.

. .

fll hi.ig

' f

Itsefid .of

insti

EDUCATIONAL WORK OF KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS. 7

Every candidate who-.se application. iii. proper iorm, was receivedwithin the time limit set by tile committee, and who was colified a.s

diterible for admission to the college for which he applied, was notifiedthat he would be awarded a -scholtu)46p.. In .every insttince thedeci.:ion:as to the ehObility of candidates was made by the college

horitThe total nuinber application's received, within the tilne limit

.4.1 wits 2,291. Of thiA number many cmlid not he consideredIiecause applicants failed to speeify the preferred college or course,

because application Witt: made either for colleges or for coursesthat were not included in the offer. e

The total number of applicatjons submitted to the colleges witsI,002. Careful invtstigation of the qualifications of each of theseopplicit.nts" ItS conducted by the college authorities, with the resultthat, after final reports were received on all applicants, 440 studentevere certified as eligible for entrance: Of this number,- 403 actuallyenrolled in the couNes for which they fere awarded scholarships,

.Vz-wa.s.announce4 j September!1919, no more scholarships will y>

he offered, and notie'of (hose now held by studpnts will, under anycondition, be transferred to other peQ;ons. iw

Action oft tables show the number of¡couplet e applications, the number of applicants certified as eligible,and the number" of scholarships awarded: .

alft

Institutions.

talumm

vprsit y of California-The. rat tioiiv vorsil y

olorado.Schnoi of M ifie,S.4;ttx-g-getoun ni remit y Foreign Ser A. ive schoolUnivemit y of IllinoisLouisiana State University .Manhattan CollegeMassachusetts Institute of

e. .

TechnologyMichigan Agricultural Colleget'nivetAry of Mintiesota

ventity of MissouriMontana State (7o1lete of Agricult LucOhio State UniverNityOregon A grt4i tirai CollegeUniversity of r en_pyyi yanksTbe Idstitute of BrooklynPurdue UniversitySheffield Scientific SchoolMev ..1 Institute of TechnologySt J 's University of TokiitiòWest \Itglnia University

orceslat Polytechnic InstituteUniversity of NOtre Dame

TotO

...............,

1

NUMber Number I Number,

of of eligible scholar-astypli- . a i-ppl fhips

Irant %. caws. &warded.

-

,

0'''''' '

2.1

1 Os7116

1

113

ig. a

243

37$

434303

3032

wwirpoonnemer00411101.

12 11

2 247 47o 44

11 111 1

68 4$

200l-b3 2

31 27 0,65 6

18Is

tr3

17

2

13

803='!".=2:71:=

ri

a

.1

.

of

I 1 re

. applica

mama/0a

ft

. ..

.. .

AV

r,..

'

_ ..-

... .

a

.. . w

. t

*:.

.

e

.

.....a

V.. ..... s

:

.... a . .1. 4 ....... a

. ..... .

..... ... .... ,.

0

$, ... ., ...1 . .. ....

. of * p . ..oras. .... Ae . . a. . , .

'4 4; . . .. 4 4..

f ..

:

Ilk a 04.41 ell al 111 a ISI

*.

e m

",

....

. t..g47.,

' ' ,t 4e. 7. " ".1 ' .", r 0 '.?t.1;1 ! t.tI: ':: . 4 :!" !' ', .1. . a . '8 e 41, 0,..°/it

; !s-r: A'

ek4L164.:41.,t'::1(;:rbj!: 41 .-.4;Éisl. .,)!:,6k.lt,7. to. , .*# ijiIlkiqr,471t.t. ::"ittii4:1+1.'1"

- f-t 45!

p

.

4.

11 I-

. # 4 O. ; 4..,:7 . - - r 41;t: . ... % t- :414.1...4..;14

1.: 1Z

r '41. s' .7;i: 'it ;!....11,1; \;;'.:"1/4.1411: k'S`::s! .0 ..!: 1, r4.,1/4.141-41,!.

l'.: ;,.. s.e, 42, -3

.0

5

.

f it .1,

..3.

.04

(

1/4

'

'4)

P.;

o

. " :31'4. . .

ei ) . , La -;"':)-* :` "

I ...IA\ .s .1.

;(.,.

be_, , .)!I - a:171.41

k

-au; ies.

.

ncittlical

.

4

,

35

s as

:

i

i

5 5- í7/3

6

-}?

BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, .1931)--192.2,

. Academic. 41

The Catholic UniversityCreighton University . ..University of Dallas ;

' DePaul University eUniversity of DetroitDubuque CollegeDuquesne UniversityFatly= University. .

Gonzaga UniversityHoly Cross College .

, ,Loyola University (Chicago) .- , -,

Loyola University (New Orleans)1Manhattan College e -

Mount Angel College ,

- Mount St. Charles College oNiagara University o

eNotre Dame University

1Banta Clara University eSt. Louis UniversityCollege of St. Thomas (St. Paul )

Villanova College..

Total -

Numberof

cants.

Numberof eligible

appli-cants.

Numberscholar-

shipsawarded.

3

23522

33

412

341

2

01

836

456 r6

199

15320302

172

22o2001

281e 243

153

2172

220

oo1281223

86

In addition to the total of 383..scholarships mentioned above, 20more free scholarships, on account öf unavoidable delays, were laterestablished uporrIfe same general principles. This make-s a total of403 scholarships in alt.

*

3. CORIMPONDENCE COURSES.4

The outstanding feature of our educationbal work at thp presenttime is the Knights of Columbus Correspondence School, which wasinAtituted during the-year. By reason of its intrinsic importance, the'widespread ihterest that it has' evbk.ed throughotit the country, Lind

its Lpid expansion since its. inception February, 1922,' this new,undertaking demands a rather more detailed and extended pres-éntation.

The purpose underlying this éxtension of our edúcational programwas brieffy set forth in our report to the supreme Cou.ncil in Augtist,

- 1921, as follows:a Itis apparent that, through the scholarships awarded to ktuaentis of advanced stand-

tug and through tile evening schools conducted in the farger cities throughout thecountry, soh have provided;idespread educational opportunities.of inestimable valueto those who have taken evaviagt:of them. In .ordoir to round out to its iullestsibilitieft the service that() are endovoring to render, there still remains one 4.

portint. step to be titken.---the exiension to the ex-service men in the smallerwmu-:nities and 'in the rural dfstricts of the advantages of frée educational oppottiesi4ough correeppndence courses.

Preliminar» to putting the project into actual operation, an inten*Ave study a corresPondence, schools systems and methods was comeductéd.by the gducational pur.,att at New IWO,' with the iist*

..Is II

I...t "':

.

4..

8

4. Insjit.utions.

eit

11.

..... ........ ..... . .,

-......... -......

..... ....... ...... . .s

,

.

. . . .

.. .. .

. s

, .

..... . ...-.........v

e.

. V

appli-

.

. S6.

.

.

-

.

1

030

A

.

'go

89

1

I,

,

I

I.

.:.:

.

.4.. .

1..

.

4!.

.

... -1 .in,, I .:

. .....-. . ., . i

13

.

.

.

.?

. 7

1

11. pos../im-

.

I

. r

.. _...1 ... I. . i

Ilialeiliimiii....i.*-1.-1.-i-,:ifii'iihi.L.--

. 0 . d

EDUCATIONAL WORIE OF KNICIIITS OF couninvq. 9

'that definite plans *for the inotitution and administration of home-

sttlily courses were krmulatarby the, close of the yeitr 1921, and thefirst formal announcenlents of them appeased in the Fehruary, 1922,

of "Columbia." 7 INa

More entering upon a detailed recital of results to date, it appears.

advisable io present briefly the fundamental principles underlyingthe successful cönduct of correspondence cimises in general, togetherwith such other information as is pertineht and necessary for a thor-()ugh unOerstnding of the scope of our work sand the method of ad-

19 ministering it. .

Exclusivily for ex-service men and wo;nen.Ti, should be stated atthe outsét, that our pivsent plans contemplate the conduct of cor-

iespondence courses -for ex-service 'men and women exclusively.

Unkr n coriditiotis mill courses be iued to applicants who can notsubmit conclusive proof of honorable dinharge from Army or. Navyservice during the World War. Necessarily, by reason of the natureof the trust that we are administering, only veterans of the PnitedStates servic, together with those veterans of service jn; the forces A

cif the *Allies who are ilow -residents pf theUnited States, are eligible

for pnrollmene under the terms of the offer.Tlie ;mime. of instruction by correspondence.----For those who are

acquainted 'with the remarkable growth of the field of correApond-

enc6 insfruction during reant years it is unnecessary to state thqtthe decision of the Kvights of Columbus to imdertake this -extensiqn

of its educational program is iii adcord with the general tendencyamong eduCAtidnal institutions of recognized standing throughoutthe countrp. Corre'sporidence instruction on an extended scale, dis-'

4i.nctively an American development, is a sigiificant Philse of thatdemocratic, liberkl, all-inclúsive American siiirit of 'extending to thfi

inUividual oppoitunities for self-improvement apd advancement.While it Cy not be rightly claimed that correspondence instruction

'possesses all the advantages otclassropm instruction under the imme-

diate supervision and guidance of the teacher, jtis nevertheless tru.e

that the 'distinctive conditions -attaching¡ to the correspondencemethod aise at least in some courses peculiarly conducive' to a thor-ough mastery o4 -the su*bjeet matter. Próperly conducted horae-study courses establish habits of cenc6iitration; accuracy, arid periled,

verance. They .develop initiative, resourcefulness, find 'self-reliáfice.*They train.the student to t4ink foie himself, to weigh .eividence `find to'

efoim independebtjudgments,. Regivisites for 'plecess.:;-The successful adrailustratión of, hoinew

.3

study courses ana their value to the students imdertaking themdepend upon a careful study of ilnd attention to the peculiar

,

.

.

istle *

. .

.

6

i

.re

-,. .

J

r . , .

b .

" ..

;: 4.-At 7iti';. ''' tr,64 /. -;."

,s p,`,S 1. -.1 ,7 ,

f

.1

' I( ,

a

OP

,

.10 BIEZTNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1920-1922.

culties inherent, in the work. The requisites for satisfadory servicemay IN stated in general as follows:

Recognition of the limitatioas of the field in regard t,4: subjects that play or mayAot be Fibccessfully conducted by this method.

Careful selection of text materi0 and its dtvision into well-balanced stlidy unitsor assignments.Organizalir.of definite supplementry instruction apd information for the three-

tion and assistance of the student.Preliminary proof of the student's qualifications to undertake the course for which

he applies, and personal advice and guidance to him in this connection.Arrangements for prompt examination and correction of students' reports by

expert instructors.Establi*shment of a personal relation, as far as possible, between student and

examiner by the free interchange of question and comment.

Its is upon these, essential consideratiohs that the plans of théKnights of Columbus for ,the institution and conduct of its corre.--fipondence courses have been baséd..

Cooperating _agencies.4.--We are indebted to those directors ofuniversity extension departments in the matiy eduCational

throlighout the country offering home-study courses who haveassOed us by thèir guidance and cooperation in_ the initiation tug'development of our plans. In some insiances we have even be'enpermitted to itse th#ir home-study material without cost cir at greatlyreduced rates. As a further indication of the willingness of thesedepartments to cooperate with us in the interests of .the ex-serviceman, they have permitted us to engage the 7services of their ownexperts correction arid criticism of students' papers

It is to be urnierstood, howevQr, that.these-courses are conductedunder the immediate direction pf -the Knights of Coluiiibus, and thatno other agenèy . is directly concerned in or responsible for their.administration.

In addition to these courses,. it has been found necessary to haveprepared urritler our own directiqn certain courses for which satis-factory material did not appear -to be otherwie available. These-and all other courss that may, be .offered will likewise providestudents with the opporfunity to benefit by the 'criticism andguidance of recognizèd experts in the respective subjects.

Application proceduie..--Any_ ex-service man or woman desiring toenr911 in a Course is requested to write to .. tile supreme secretary foran applicatiofi blank, and to return it prcipérly filled .ottt and swornto as. required... If ..the nformition that. 'he submits satisfies- theeducittiohal bureau thit hi) is -properly qualified to pursue the .cour;e`for ,vThich he makes Application;.. And if there is 'a sufficieiit number 'ofregistralits fot the course, he _will be enrolled 'and he will récOve -thefirst itistriiction material.. If the 'applicant is not enrolled ,he.reCOve noiice .to that effe0, with the ipasons

.,

;

;

.. . 1.:

/

,

.

.

institu-.-tions

.

, , .

,

,

Tr

.

willtheiefdy.

ONAL WORK OF KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS.

In case of an overwhelming demand for enrollment- in any par- .

ticular course it maybe necessary to establish a waiOng list. In thisevent, applications will be cared for in the ordet in which they arereceived, provided the applicarit states that he desires to be placed'. ,

on the waiting list.Only one. course will be issued to an applicant at a time. A stu-

dent may be enrolled in an additional course after his satisfactorycompletipn of the course in which he first enrolls, provided that theKnights of Columbus is in a 'position at that time to continue thisservice. a

b

Method of instruction.Text material: Text material for Knightsof Columb4uscorresporitnce courses will be issued, depending upo.n the ^,nature of tiwi course, in oiì c. of three forms: ks a conaplete text, cov,er-ing the entire course, to be sent to the student when. he enrolls;. inpamphlet form, the successive pamphlets in the series c0.stitutingthe complete text for the'course to be issued in sequence to the studentas lie progresses; in tyPeWritikbn orniimeographe*wm, to be issued oP..

in the same way as paniphliets.Lesson assignments: Courses are divided into lessoiis or assign-

ments, the number depending upon the nature and length of thecourse. Each assignment is accompanied by necessary instruction

-sheets suppleme,nting the text' And outlining the work' to the student,and by blank forms for the student's report.

When a student enrolls he receives the firsr three assignments.After study of the text in accordance with instructions, he prepares ,

his report upon the first assignment and mails it to the Knights ofColumbas Educational Bureau at New Haven, Conn. This report isthen referred to an examiner for correction- and criticism, and it is.returned to the student, together with the fourth assignment. and ,

supplementary material. In like manner the student roceives the-Oftli assignment when kis second corrected report is returned to him,iifid so on uptil heAas Completed the course. By this .method théstudent 15 always in Oossession of material for study. and there is nobreak in the continuity of his work.

Grades and certificates.-8tudents' reports will be graded by exam-ineis as expellent, very good, good, fair, or uns4tisfacotoss, and a ,

4 record of these.grades will be. kept in the office ot the educationalbureau. Certificaies will be awarded to students upon satisfactorycompletion of courses.

Coit to the 8tudent.--7No charges ór fees will be requirit except ailindicated below:

Postage: Every student will be required to spay the postageon his reports and other communications addressed by hi.14 to the

Nevif Hay& office,

,

, ;,41 t,,

,

.11

..:. 4 - , ' - 1. ,.

.. 41., t '.¡VIt.fei

..' 4.1 e,e,e ..,

,:. a rs I.

'.. .- .0. 't:gitEliiailti.:',¡..-i.;',IiL;iii.it;!.

k:;

.

,. .1

,

.

-

4

.

.. .

..

.7 .

.

. ." .ta

..1 f '* -"":.7.

.

. . . ,

.S

it»

t .

.10

I . * .. I, -. .

.,. . .. . .... " ' ' : ' . 4. ,.7. - . ... 11 t A.

-

....0.....,.....

11

e

,

Nor

s

12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19521-1922.

Texts: A student eprolled in a coime for WhiCh it is necessto isshe a complete text -11t, the oultset- will be required to niake adeposit in advAnce covering the c-ost of the text. This depoit isreturnable to him upcn his completion of, the course. In no eventis it text so issued returnable to tha-Ktights of Columbus, and inno ease will a aPposit he returned unless the student completesthe course. No deposit will be iequired for text material issuedin installments.

Equipment: A studein in a coursa for which special .teehnicalequipment is required will be expected to furnish it himself. Theeducational bureau will, upon request, arrange to supply such equip-ment at thQ lowest possible, price. A student desiring to takeadvantage of this opportunity will be egpected to forward in ad.;vance an 'amount covering the cost of the equipment needed.

Time limit.of any coursecompleted in

e maximum time allowance for the completion i

ill be one year. Most of 016 courses ought to be '

-shorter period, and students are therefore urgedto pursue their stfidies with regularity ..and with reasonable dis-patch. If an enrollesi st dent iIs to-Ifibrnit lesson roorts for aperiod of two months ind does not reply to letters of inquiry fromthe educational bureau, he*will be dropped froin meMbe ship. .

On 'December 31, 1922, the total number of students actuallyenrolled in our °correspondence courses was .16,340. These studentscome from every State in the Union; and from the farm as well asfrom the smanown and large city.

CONCLUSION. -

From a reading of this report, it will be clear that the'linights ofColumbus has for the past four years been conducting an educa-tional system for former service men which is unique. The funds

. for the maintenance of these schools, as has been indicated before,formed the residue of the war fund. .1

Over 200,000 young men have been enrolled and have takeitsystematic instruction in some- cour4,e n our evening schools- ana40? young men have taken itdvantage of' our scholarsliip couTiei inrepresentative American colleges ánd universities; and to date ovekWOO young men have enrolled and are taking instructiod in ourlcórrespondence school. The order has felt all along that it is makingbwise and judicious use of the money left in its hands at the close

of the war, and it has .reeeived abunAnt testimoniais from .theAmerican public at large that* this plan has receiyed indorseinent.and approval.

.---,, - - -- - ..-----, --:--T--

:'.4. .' . 7,...%

...

f 0

.

. . &-4,. ..h.

.

.

, ,

.

t,

.

..

,.

:.

,

..

.

;

:

:

.-..

:

k! ',"\/,' ,., ..

!a'44.1,.. .

,,,,.,, .4.4t..,:,...,::..4:; .. ..

,...., i'l, *Ze

,114 .r.;:t44. 3 4 ;.: c i .. .. a . i 6 . . 4 .4

. %, . . . iI . .0 , . :

' .5' : : :t .1 ' :. .. ,, ... ..

,...,. .. . .,,.. -

.I

' 4 .. *I.

.4

tr r ,

.

..S.

. -4.1441\r .4, C.' ' .%r.'.1 . .

. .

%It

. 4

.