a design technique of arcp matrix converter using circuit simulator nagasaki university yuichiro...
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A design technique of ARCP matrix converter using circuit simulator
Nagasaki University
Yuichiro Nakazawa
ContentsContents
Design and evaluation of ARCPMC prototype systemDesign and evaluation of ARCPMC prototype system
・ ・ IntroductionIntroduction
・・ Power conversion systemPower conversion system
・ ・ Conventional voltage source inverter (VSI) topologyConventional voltage source inverter (VSI) topology
・ ・ Matrix converter topologyMatrix converter topology
・ ・ ARCP matrix converter (ARCPMC) topologyARCP matrix converter (ARCPMC) topology
・ ・ Determination of specification & hardware parametersDetermination of specification & hardware parameters
・ ・ Evaluation of design parametersEvaluation of design parameters
・ ・ Outline of ARCPMC prototype systemOutline of ARCPMC prototype system
・ ・ ConclusionConclusion
Necessity of power conversionNecessity of power conversion
Now, disruption of environment such as global warming by energy Now, disruption of environment such as global warming by energy consumption and exhaustion of energy resources are serious problemconsumption and exhaustion of energy resources are serious problem
In the industry application, In the industry application, power conversion technologypower conversion technology is effective is effective for energy savingfor energy saving
In the field of AC motor drive, In the field of AC motor drive, inverterinverter is widely used as AC adjustable is widely used as AC adjustable speed drivespeed drive
⇒⇒ Inverter can generate variable voltage and variable Inverter can generate variable voltage and variable frequency frequency 0000output from AC voltage sourceoutput from AC voltage source
Energy saving technology is strongly demandedEnergy saving technology is strongly demanded
・ AC-DC-AC power conversion
・ Indirect power conversion device
・ Necessity of energy storage components
Conventional VSI topologyConventional VSI topology
M
Er
Er
ErMotor
Converter circuitConverter circuit Inverter circuitInverter circuit
Energy storage componentsEnergy storage components
AC DC AC
Conducted Conducted EmissionEmission
Power Power ConverterConverter
Power Power SourceSource
Motor Surge Motor Surge VoltageVoltage
Input Current Input Current HarmonicsHarmonics Leakage CurrentLeakage Current
MotorMotor
Shaft VoltageShaft Voltage
Conventional PWM InverterConventional PWM Inverter
Switching lossSwitching loss
Influence on Power SourceInfluence on Power Source ・ ・ Influence on other devices by conductive noiseInfluence on other devices by conductive noise ・・ Stress to power source by input current harmonicsStress to power source by input current harmonics Influence on Power ConverterInfluence on Power Converter ・ ・ Switching lossSwitching loss Influence on Motor Influence on Motor ・ ・ Insulation deterioration of motor winding by surge voltageInsulation deterioration of motor winding by surge voltage ・・ Bearing degradation by high dv/dt of motor shaft voltageBearing degradation by high dv/dt of motor shaft voltage
Fig.1. Conventional PWM Inverter
Matrix converter topologyMatrix converter topology
AC AC
・ AC-AC direct power conversion
・ No large energy storage components
・ Regeneration ability & Displacement factor control
・ Reduced input harmonic current
Higher switching frequency for higher performance power conversionHigher switching frequency for higher performance power conversion
・ ・ Increasing of switching loss Increasing of switching loss
・ ・ Destruction of Destruction of switching deviceswitching device by by dv/dt or di/dtdv/dt or di/dt
・ ・ Development of switching noiseDevelopment of switching noise
Availability of soft switching technologyAvailability of soft switching technology
ZVS (zero voltage switching) , ZCS (zero current switching)ZVS (zero voltage switching) , ZCS (zero current switching)
One of the solution of these problemOne of the solution of these problem ⇒ The soft switching technologyThe soft switching technology
One of the technique to realize soft switchingOne of the technique to realize soft switching ⇒ ⇒ Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole ( ARCP ) Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole ( ARCP ) technologytechnology Soft switching is realized by resonance using Soft switching is realized by resonance using
auxiliary circuitauxiliary circuit
Matrix converterMatrix converter ARCP technologyARCP technology
・ ・ AC-AC direct power AC-AC direct power conversionconversion ・ ・ No No energy storage componentsenergy storage components
・ ・ Soft switching Soft switching ・・ Reduced switching Reduced switching lossloss
ARCP technologyARCP technology which is one the soft switching which is one the soft switching technology is applied to technology is applied to Matrix converterMatrix converter
Soft switching technologySoft switching technology
ARCP matrix converterARCP matrix converter
ARCP Matrix converter topologyARCP Matrix converter topology
AC AC
M
Er
Es
Et
Vu
Vv
Vw
Sru
Ssu
Stu
Srv
Ssv
Stv
Srw
Ssw
StwSaux
Lr
Cr
・ Auxiliary switches & resonance components
・ Soft switching ( ZVS & ZCS )
・ Reduced switching loss & switching noise & dv/dt, di/dt
Auxiliary circuitAuxiliary circuitLLrr = Resonance Inductor = Resonance Inductor
Main circuitMain circuitCCrr = Resonance Capacitor = Resonance Capacitor
Input Filter
Composing of switch( = Bi-directional switch)
Design of ARCPMC prototype systemDesign of ARCPMC prototype system
Determination of hardware parameters and resonance componentsDetermination of hardware parameters and resonance components
Evaluation of design parameters using circuit simulator Evaluation of design parameters using circuit simulator
Construction of ARCP prototype systemConstruction of ARCP prototype system
Hardware parameters and resonance components are determined, Hardware parameters and resonance components are determined, depend on evaluation system specificationdepend on evaluation system specification
A study purposeA study purpose
Fig.2. The two-phase modulated PWM method
The two-phase modulated PWM methodThe two-phase modulated PWM method
1.1. Base voltage (VBase voltage (Vbasebase) is determined, ) is determined, accaccording to the input three-phase voltage aording to the input three-phase voltage and output voltage commandnd output voltage command
Condition ②
Condition ①
emid < 0 ・・・ Vbase= emax
Control methodControl method
2. 2. Two other phases carry out PWM Two other phases carry out PWM modulationmodulation
emid > 0 ・・・ Vbase= emin
wt
eR eS eT
Inp
ut
3-p
has
e vo
ltag
e
①
eR = emax
eS = emid
eT = emin
base
VU = Vmax
VV = Vmid
VW = Vmin
wt
eR eS eT
Inp
ut
3-p
has
e vo
ltag
e
②
eR = emax
eS = emid
eT = emin
base
VU = Vmax
VV = Vmid
VW = Vmin
Fig.3. The two-phase modulated PWM method
The two-phase modulated PWM methodThe two-phase modulated PWM method
Control methodControl method
1.1. Base voltage (VBase voltage (Vbasebase) is determined, ) is determined, accaccording to the input three-phase voltage aording to the input three-phase voltage and output voltage commandnd output voltage command
Condition ②
Condition Condition ①①
emid < 0 ・・・ Vbase= emax
2. 2. Two other phases carry out PWM Two other phases carry out PWM modulationmodulation
emid > 0 ・・・ Vbase= emin
cmidmax
*
max Tee
Vt
cmidmax
*
mid Tee
Vt
Fig.4. firing time
TS
tmax tmid
V*
emax
emid
emin
S1
S2
emax
emid
emin
TS
midmaxmax eee where
Average of output voltage (SAverage of output voltage (S11))
minmidmid eee
max
mid
mid
mid
max
mid
t
t
e
e
i
i
: Input current distribution factor
Firing timeFiring time
Average of output command voltage (SAverage of output command voltage (S22))
In the switching period ( Ts )
Fig.5. Commutation method
ARCP commutationARCP commutation
ARCP commutation realizes ARCP commutation realizes ZVS ( Zero Voltage Switching) ZVS ( Zero Voltage Switching) by LC resonance by LC resonance
Capacitive commutationCapacitive commutation
Capacitive commutation realizes Capacitive commutation realizes ZVS by charging and discharging ZVS by charging and discharging action of resonance capacitoraction of resonance capacitor
These commutation methods These commutation methods realize soft switchingrealize soft switching
: ARCP commutation: Capacitive commutation
Commutation methodCommutation method
emax
emid
emin
TC
Fig.6. Switching pattern
Switching patternSwitching pattern
Calculation equationCalculation equation
orcap i
eeCt 213
1
)(
e
iILt oboost
auxboost
)tan(cos1
1
1
21
22
21
e
IZ
eIZ
et boostr
boostrr
res
2
1 sincos
e
tZ
etIi
Ltresr
rresrboosto
auxramp
Capacitivecommutation
Charging or discharging duration
ARCP commutation
Boost duration
Resonance duration
Current decreasing duration
Commutation time calculation equation Commutation time calculation equation
e1 : Voltage before Commutation
e2 : Voltage after Commutation
SRU
STU
SSU
SRV
STV
SSV
SRW
STW
SSW
Lf
Cf
SauxU
SauxV
SauxW
eR
eS
eT
Specification of prototype system Specification of prototype system
InputVoltage 200Vrms
Frequency 50/60Hz
Output
Power 11kW
Voltage 0 - 170Vrms
frequency 0 - 120Hz
Switching frequency
20kHz
Specification of prototype systemSpecification of prototype system
Resonance component parameters are decided from specification of prototype system and commutation time calculation equation which is shown in the preceding slide
Specification of prototype systemof prototype system
Capacitive commutation time is set at Capacitive commutation time is set at 55sec or lesssec or less, , and ARCP commutation frequency is set at and ARCP commutation frequency is set at 200kHz200kHz to achieve in 20kHz switching frequencyto achieve in 20kHz switching frequency
Parameters of prototype system Parameters of prototype system
SRU
STU
SSU
SRV
STV
SSV
SRW
STW
SSW
Lf
Cf
SauxU
SauxV
SauxW
eR
eS
eT
Input filterInductor 0.18 mH
Capacitor 90 F
Resonant component
Inductor 5 H
Capacitor 50 nF
Resonant capacitorResonant capacitorCr = 50 [nF]
Resonant inductorResonant inductorLr = 5 [H]
Input filterInput filterLf = 0.18 [mH]
Cf = 90 [F]
The resonant capacitor value is selected to change The resonant capacitor value is selected to change maximum commutation voltage within the selected maximum commutation voltage within the selected capacitive commutation time for output current capacitive commutation time for output current 10% 10% of ratedof rated
The inductance value of the resonant inductor is The inductance value of the resonant inductor is decided from the resonance frequencydecided from the resonance frequency
ParametersParameters
ARCPMC
LPF
DSP(TMS320C31) FPGA
(EPF10K50RC-240-4)
A/D Converter
Command Voltage
eT
eS
eR
Output Currentvrs ,vts
iu ,iv ,iw
18 6
VU ,VV , VW
Trance
Input Voltage
Load
AuxiliarySwitches
MainSwitches
Gate Drive Circuit
243
Fig.7. System configuration of ARCPMC
Host PC
System configurationSystem configuration
ARCPMC
LPF
DSP(TMS320C31) FPGA
(EPF10K50RC-240-4)
A/D Converter
Command Voltage
eT
eS
eR
Output Currentvrs ,vts
iu ,iv ,iw
18 6
VU ,VV , VW
Trance
Input Voltage
Load
AuxiliarySwitches
MainSwitches
Gate Drive Circuit
243
・ Calculation of firing time・ Calculation of commutation time・ Phase distinction
Fig.8. System configuration of ARCPMC
Host PC
System configurationSystem configuration
DSPTMS320C31
Host PC
ARCPMC
LPF
DSP(TMS320C31) FPGA
(EPF10K50RC-240-4)
A/D Converter
Command Voltage
eT
eS
eR
Output Currentvrs ,vts
iu ,iv ,iw
18 6
VU ,VV , VW
Trance
Input Voltage
Load
AuxiliarySwitches
MainSwitches
Gate Drive Circuit
243
Generation of PWM signal
emax
emid
emin
TS
S1
S2
Saux
S3
Fig.9. System configuration of ARCPMC
System configurationSystem configuration
FPGAEPF10K50RC-240-4
Necessity of simulationNecessity of simulation
Evaluation by experiment without simulationEvaluation by experiment without simulation
・ ・ Experiment environment and hardware conditions Experiment environment and hardware conditions 000such as wiring impedance participate in a resultsuch as wiring impedance participate in a result・ ・ Validation of software is difficultValidation of software is difficult
Evaluation by simulationEvaluation by simulationSimulation model contains the control system Simulation model contains the control system
which is equivalent to an experiment which is equivalent to an experiment machinemachine
Simulation model Simulation model
Fig.10. ARCPMC simulation model
ARCPMC ModelARCPMC Model
DSP&FPGA ModelDSP&FPGA Model
Simulation model Simulation model
DSPDSP
Main circuitMain circuit
Auxiliary circuitAuxiliary circuit
LoadLoad
Fig.11. ARCPMC simulation model
FPGAFPGA
Input filterInput filter
Simulation parameter Simulation parameter The two-phase modulated PWM method
Input line voltagesInput line voltages 200 V200 V
Power frequencyPower frequency 60 Hz60 Hz
Output voltage commandOutput voltage command 100 V100 V
Output frequency commandOutput frequency command 30 Hz30 Hz
Switching frequencySwitching frequency 10 kHz10 kHz
Analysis precisionAnalysis precision 0.4 0.4 secsec
Input lines voltage
Vrs [500V/div]
Input current
Ir [50A/div]
Output line voltages (FilteredFiltered)
VUV [500V/div]
Output current
IU [10A/div]
Simulation result Simulation result The two-phase modulated PWM method
[20msec/div]
Output phase voltage
VU [500V/div]
Output line voltages
VUV [500V/div]
Simulation result Simulation result The two-phase modulated PWM method
Output phase voltage
VV [500V/div]
[2.5msec/div]
Prototype system Prototype system
Fig.12. ARCPMC prototype system
Main circuitMain circuitGate drive circuitGate drive circuit
Resonance capacitorResonance capacitor
Resonance inductorResonance inductor
IGBT switchIGBT switch
Prototype system Prototype system
Equivalent circuitEquivalent circuit
・ ・ The resonant circuit layout is The resonant circuit layout is decided to fix design decided to fix design layoutlayout00000000000
Accurate resonance Accurate resonance for ARCP commutationfor ARCP commutation
・ ・ A A resonant path impedanceresonant path impedance each each phphase ase is equalis equal 000000000000
000000000
Future developmentFuture development
・ Drive of ARCPMC prototype system
・ Determination of specification and hardware parameters
・ Evaluation of design parameter using circuit simulator
・ Construction of prototype system
Design of ARCPMC prototype systemDesign of ARCPMC prototype system
Conclusion Conclusion
Thank you for your attention !!Thank you for your attention !!
The END The END
M
Er
Es
Et
Vu
Vv
Vw
Sru
Ssu
Stu
Srv
Ssv
Stv
Srw
Ssw
StwSaux
Lr
Cr
ARCP matrix converterARCP matrix converter