a. definition b. why? c. basic design circulation i. introduction
TRANSCRIPT
A. DefinitionB. Why?C. Basic Design
Circulation
I. Introduction
Fluid, vessels, and a pump
Figure 42.6
A. Gastrovascular Cavity
II. Strategies
Cnidarians and Platyhelminthes Thin bodied with one opening Waste is mixed with nutrients
Figure 42.2
B. Water Vascular
Echinoderms= Tube feet pull in water to an internal ampulla which communicates with a ring canal to transport water, nutrients, and waste throughout the ring and body. Drainage is out an opening, called the madreporite, on the aboral side.
C. Open System
Arthropods and some Mollusks fluid, hemolymph, through a muscular pump, sinuses, and ostia back into the tubular hearts.
Figure 42.3
D. Closed System
Annelids, Mollusks (squids and octopuses), and Vertebrates blood, muscular pump, and vessels, and back to the heart
Figure 42.3
A. Heart
III. Vertebrate Design
1. Structurea.
Strategies
Depends on the habitat and demands
Figure 42.4
Crocodilians
b. Histology
internal endocardium, middle myocardium, and the external (visceral and parietal = pericardium) epicardium
2. Functiona. Valves &
Flow
Valves
tricuspid & bicuspid and pulmonary & aortic semilunar
Papillary muscles and Chordae Tendinae
Valves prevent backflow
Figure 42.7
b. Cardiac Cycle
cardiac cycle == systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation)
Figure 42.8
c. Cardiac Control
i. Internal input
ii. External input endocrine system, nervous system, blood pressure, and ion concentrations (Na, Ca, and K)
Figure 42.9
B. Vessels1. Structurea.
Histologyb. Types
Vessels are multi layered (intima, media, and externa (adventia)
Figure 42.10
Vessels are multi layered (intima, media, and externa (adventia)
2. Functiona.
Forces
Blood pressure == force against the wall
Figure 42.11
systole and diastole
Figure 42.14
b. Control
Name the forces which can be involved in regulating blood pressure in blood vessels? Blood Volume or Viscosity
Cardiac Output
Peripheral Resistance
Ion Blood Concentrations
Hormones
C. Blood1. Plasma Component
Plasma ==55% of total
Figure 42.17
What is found in the plasma?
2. Cellular Elements
Cellular elements == 45% What cells?
Figure 42.15
Figure 42.14
Blood smear
Figure 42.14
White Blood Cell
Figure 42.14
Blood Clotting
Figure 42.18
Figure 42.14
Blood Clotting
D. Lymphatic System1.
Components
The lymphatic system == Lymph, vessels, and filters
Figure 43.7
2. Function
Vessels capture lost blood fluid and
Figure 43.7
and Nodes filter the lymph to remove material.
Figure 43.7
Effect usually equals effort.