a debate session on “digital addiction” raian ali, jacqui taylor, keith phalp

A Debate Session on“Digital Addiction”

Raian Ali, Jacqui Taylor, Keith Phalp

Bournemouth University, Festival of Learning

2 12 Jun 2014

Message

Digital Addiction, has become a serious issue that has a diversity of socio-economic side effects. In spite of its high importance, DA got little recognition or guidance as to how software development should take it into account.

This is in stark contrast to other domains known for traditional addiction (e.g., drugs, gambling, and alcohol) in which there are clear rules and policies on how to manufacture, market and sell the products.

We advocate the need to consider DA as a first class concept in developing software systems.


3 12 Jun 2014

DA and Depression


4 12 Jun 2014

A Study at University of Winchester,

Ten self-confessed Facebook “addicts” and ten prolific tweeters were asked to stop using their accounts for four weeks.

Many quickly became isolated from friends and family and reported feeling "cut off from the world".

“So much of my life was organised via Facebook. I haven’t communicated with my family all week.”

“I’ve felt alone and cut off from the world. My fingers seem to be programmed to seek out the Facebook app every time I pick up my phone.”

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/social-media/9986950/Twitter-and-Facebook-addicts-suffer-withdrawal-symptoms.html





5 12 Jun 2014

One woman from Wales said being forced off Facebook allowed her to catch-up on household chores,

Another volunteer confessed that the ban had allowed her to spend more time with her daughter.

Those who had avoided social media in the past could find it useful and enjoyable.

Researchers took ten people with inactive Twitter and Facebook accounts, and ten who had never used social media at all, and asked them to regularly tweet and update their Facebook status for four weeks.

One participant said: “I thought I would find using Facebook every day dull and pointless, but I’m finding that I’m quite enjoying it. I’m actually seeing my friends more now.”


6 12 Jun 2014

The Ultras the networks are their primary

communications

The Deniers They reckon they can easily live without it

The Dippers ‘Dippers’ access their pages infrequently

The Virgins These ‘Virgins’ are taking their first tentative

steps in social media

The Lurkers Hiding in the shadows of cyberspace,

they watch what others are saying on social networks but rarely (if ever) participate themselves

The Peacocks They judge their social standing on how

many followers or fans they have, and the aim of each post or tweet is to secure as many ‘likes’ or re-tweets as possiblehttp://

www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/social-media/9987213/What-type-of-social-media-user-are-you.html

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/social-media/9987213/What-type-of-social-media-user-are-you.html




7 12 Jun 2014

The Ranters Often meek and mild in face-to-face

conversations, ‘Ranters’ are highly opinionated online

The Ghosts Create usernames that allow them to remain

largely anonymous The Changelings

anonymous online isn’t enough. They also adopt very different personalities, confident in the knowledge that no-one knows their real identity.

The Quizzers Quizzers’ like to ask questions not because they

actually want to know the answers, but because asking questions allows them to start conversations.

The Informers Being the first to spot something interesting and

pass it on earns you kudos and – just as importantly – more followers and fans

The Approval-seekers They post and then wait for responses. They feel

anxious till they get responses


8 12 Jun 2014

Story


9

Dark Humour

12 Jun 2014

Raising a virtual kid is perhaps more entertaining Social visibility Gifts Profiling in short term “Designing” the kid

you want Feeding by a click Cleaning by mouse


10

Some might be useful

12 Jun 2014

http://www.myvirtualchild.com/


11

It could be more serious

12 Jun 2014


12

Addiction types

12 Jun 2014

Kimberly S. Young classifies it to: Computer addiction: computer game addiction Information overload: web surfing addiction Net compulsions: online gambling or online

shopping Cybersexual addiction: adult websites, Sexting Cyber-relationship addiction: online

relationships Social Networks Addiction would be seen in this type

Young, K. “Internet addiction: Evaluation and treatment”. Student Brit. Med. J. 1999, 7, 351-352


13

Symptoms

12 Jun 2014

SNS addiction incorporates the experience of the ‘classic’ addiction symptoms, namely Mood modification (i.e., engagement in SNSs leads to a favourable

change in emotional states) Salience (i.e., behavioral, cognitive, and emotional preoccupation

with the SNS usage) Tolerance (i.e., ever increasing use of SNSs over time) Withdrawal symptoms (i.e., experiencing unpleasant physical and

emotional symptoms when SNS use is restricted or stopped) Conflict (i.e., interpersonal and intrapsychic problems ensue

because of SNS usage), Relapse (i.e., addicts quickly revert back in their excessive SNS

usage after an abstinence period)

Griffiths, M.D. A “components model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework.” J. Subst. Use 2005, 10, 191-197.


14

Negative Consequences

12 Jun 2014

Less involved with their real life communities Nyland, R.; Marvez, R.; Beck, J. MySpace: Social networking or social isolation? In

Proceedings of the Midwinter Conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Midwinter Conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Reno, NV, USA, 23–24 February 2007.

Insecure in real-life, compensation in SNS Barker, V. Older adolescents’ motivations for social network site use: The influence of

gender, group identity, and collective self-esteem. CyberPsychol. Behav. 2009, 12, 209-213.

Negative feedback on SNS has negative effect particularly for people with low self-esteem who use SNSs to compensate that Ellison, N.B.; Steinfield, C.; Lampe, C. The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital

and college students’ use of online social network sites. J. Comput-Mediat. Comm. 2007, 12.

Facebook users had lower Grade Point Averages. Of the 26% of student feeling the impact on their lives, three-quarters (74%) claimed that it had a negative impact, namely procrastination, distraction, and poor time-management. Kirschner, P.A.; Karpinski, A.C. Facebook and academic performance. Comput. Hum.

Behav. 2010, 26, 1237-1245.


15

Negative Consequences

12 Jun 2014

Facebook impact on romantic relationships. Disclosure of rich private information jealous cyberstalking, including interpersonal electronic

surveillance by one’s partner, jealousy, divorce and associated legal action.

However, due to the lack of longitudinal designs used in the presented studies, no causal inferences can be drawn multi-tasking when studying could affect poor academic

achievement pre-existent relationship difficulties are just exacerbated by

SNS use

Kuss, Daria J., and Mark D. Griffiths. "Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature." International journal of environmental research and public health 8.9 (2011): 3528-3552.


16 12 Jun 2014

http://www.brmc.com/programs-services/internet-addiction-bradford-pa.php

http://www.brmc.com/programs-services/07-2013-Internet%20Addiction-SHEET.pdf













17 12 Jun 2014

Meeting five of the following symptoms were considered necessary to be diagnosed: Do you feel preoccupied with the Internet? Do you feel the need to use the Internet with increasing amounts of

time in order to achieve satisfaction? Have you repeatedly made unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back,

or stop Internet use? Do you feel restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempting

to cut down or stop Internet use? Do you stay online longer than originally intended? Have you jeopardized or risked the loss of significant relationship,

job, educational or career opportunity because of the Internet? Have you lied to family members, therapist, or others to conceal the

extent of involvement with the Internet? Do you use the Internet as a way of escaping from problems or of

relieving a dysphoric mood (e.g., feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, depression)?


18 12 Jun 2014

Other Symptoms Include: Failed attempts to control behaviour Heightened sense of euphoria while involved in

computer and internet activities Neglecting friends and family Neglecting sleep to stay online Being dishonest with others Feeling guilty, ashamed, anxious, or depressed as

a result of online behavior Physical changes such as weight gain or loss,

backaches, headaches, carpal tunnel syndrome Withdrawing from other pleasurable activities


19 12 Jun 2014

Dr. Kimberly Young, the founder of the non-profit program “[Internet addiction] is a problem in this country that can

be more pervasive than alcoholism" “The Internet is free, legal and fat free”

A 'digital detox' is when the patient is cut off from any Internet connection or computer use for 72 hours. For many, the thought of being disconnected from the Internet may

feel like a vacation. But for those with the addiction, they can face withdrawals similar

to those seen in people addicted to marijuana. These patients can face depression, irritability and in some cases violence.

http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/09/01/hospital-first-inpatient-treatment-internet-addiction/






20

In UK

12 Jun 2014

Comments on the post:

“In 1980 if I took a morning train to London everyone would be reading a newspaper and avoiding contact with the person they are sitting next. In 2013 everyone is occupied by their digital device and is still avoiding contact. Progress ?”

“I think phone companies have done a brilliant job in brainwashing people into believing they cannot live without a mobile.”


21

Mind-map for DA

12 Jun 2014

Amen Alrobai, Keith Phalp, Raian Ali. Digital Addiction: a Requirements Engineering Perspective. The 20th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2014). Essen, Germany. April 2014.


22

Addiction as Resistance to Change

12 Jun 2014

People typically resist changes Sometimes, even when it has clear benefits

Examples from the education sector: From teacher-led to student-centerd Marking online vs. marking papers

Examples from marketing Traditional marketing (news papers, TV and

flyers) vs Social Media marketing Direct marketing vs. Soft-marketing

Coke products displayed on TV shows and movies. "American Idol" is a popular TV show, with about millions of viewers.

Addiction to the current, fearing the new

http://toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/


23

Software Industry

12 Jun 2014

Addiction is a hidden goal, Some Game industries Customers’ loyalty

Addiction is still seen out of the scope of Software Industry No liability on how user would use the software No “addiction-free” tests are in place Maybe this is rightful?


24

Anti-Addiction Program

12 Jun 2014

China, 8 ministries Anti-addiction program must be installed with

Games Protect gamers under the age of 18

“You've been playing for three hours, it says, so it's time to get some exercise. If you ignore it, the total points you've won in the past three hours will be halved. After five hours of uninterrupted play, your points will be wiped out”

Defeat addiction by Turns Timer Losing points if you play much

Treatment by the reason of disease


25

But… Software can react

12 Jun 2014

Software is “more intelligent” than Alcohol Alcohol can not tell you to stop, software can

Software can be designed to react, but when and how?

Besides banning/penalty (which might not be a bad option sometimes) Constructive criticism Incentives-centred design Gamification

You attend social events and share photos and get points Avatars (thanks Tessa Corner @ Streetscene) Socio-technial treatment or a “Blended” treatment Peer pressure Mutual Commitment


26

Why is not it on Software?

12 Jun 2014

Tobacco Warning http://www.tobaccolabels.ca /

Uruguay: 80% of the front and 80% of the back http://www.tobaccolabels.ca/countries/Uruguay /

Uruguay Government Vs Philip Morris the design of six messages that will fill the 80%

space a regulation that forces companies to sell only one

variation of cigarettes per brand (to get around a previous prohibition on labelling cigarettes as ‘light’ or ‘ultralight’, some manufacturers had taken to colour-labelling cigarette packs)

http://www.tobaccotactics.org/index.php/Philip_Morris_vs_the_Government_of_Uruguay

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-27647477

http://www.tobaccolabels.ca/

http://www.tobaccolabels.ca/

http://www.tobaccolabels.ca/countries/Uruguay/










27

Why is not it on Software?

12 Jun 2014

The Food Labelling Regulations of 1996 require certain information to be given on all pre-packed foods. These requirements are written by the EU.

These are the items on the label that are required by law. manufacturer's name and contact details name of the product description of the product weight (some foods are exempt, for example bread) ingredients (listed in descending order of weight) cooking/heating instructions storage instructions shelf life place of origin allergy information

The following items are not legal requirements, but are nevertheless good practice and often included on packaging: illustration of product price nutritional values of the product customer guarantee the batch-code and bar-code numbers opening instructions

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/foodtech/packaginglabellingrev5.shtml

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/





28

But is it really addiction?

12 Jun 2014

It could be just an augmented-reality

Google glasses makes computing part of a person’s eyes and memory

Addiction for one generation New life style for another Inherent property of the new

“digital-native” generation

http://www.glassappsource.com/


29

It is not the software

12 Jun 2014

It is not the software, it is the user who is the genuine and perhaps sole responsible. Really? http://

www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/neknomination-facebook-refuses-ban-pages-3108497

Irish Minister Pat Rabbitte said the first responsibility is with young people falling for a "stupid ruse".

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/neknomination-facebook-refuses-ban-pages-3108497





30

Debate?

12 Jun 2014

Socio-Technical Healing

New Life Style, it is

not addiction

Addiction label?Impact

Public Awarene

ss

Do you know more?

a debate session on “digital addiction” raian ali, jacqui taylor, keith phalp

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