a cubic function model for railway line delay · tra visions 2016 project is funded by the european...

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TRA VISIONS 2016 project is funded by the European Union A Cubic Function Model for Railway Line Delay Stability and robustness analyses of railway timetables compare some given primary delays with their effect on the whole operation. Estimation of delays in Railway can be performed by microsimulation with good accuracy, but also high resources consumption. A theoretical model that describes the total delay as a function of the primary delay analytically, allows to reduce the computation of microsimulation keeping its accuracy. The theoretical model is validated on a real railway line in Denmark. This model will allow the reduction in computation resources needed for stability and robustness analyses of railway operation. and Future research will extend the model to railway networks formulate new stability indexes. The average timetable allowance and the average buffer time, will be computed from the regressed cubic parabola measured via micro-simulation. Fabrizio Cerreto Technical University of Denmark Department of Transport [email protected] Motivation & Objectives A primary delay is assigned to the first train at the first station. The model propagates the primary delay through consecutive trains and sums up all the delays on individual trains at each station to compute the total delay. The total delay results in a composite polynomial function of the primary delay. Methodology Results TRA VISIONS 2016 project is funded by the European Union Research Outlook Total delay on railway lines as a polynomial function of the primary delay given to one train. Simple analytic formulation, closed form expression. Fast analyses. Strategic planning of railway operations. Key Characteristics Initial delay Primary delay to the first train, at the first station Delay propagation model Timetable Allowance Buffer time Individual train delay at each station Residual delay from previous station Hindrance from previous train Total delay No recovery Partial recovery Full recovery NUMERICAL EXAMPLE Number of stations n s = 8 Number of trains v = 6 Timetable allowance between stations a = 2 min Buffer time between trains b = 6 min 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Numerical summation - Total delayd [min] Primary delay d [min] Total delay measured on the line STATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A B C D E F G H TRAIN 1 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 2 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 3 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 4 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 5 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 6 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 STATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A B C D E F G H TRAIN 1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 8 6 4 2 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 STATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A B C D E F G H TRAIN 1 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 2 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 0 4 7 5 3 1 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No recovery Linear Partial recovery Quadratic Full recovery Cubic Simplified individual delay as a function of the primary delay P d . Assumed uniform timetable allowance a and buffer time b: , = −1− −1 The total delay function has three segments depending on whether the delay is recovered fully, partially, or not recovered within the study range: Full recovery cubic relation Partial recovery quadratic relation No recovery Linear relation The segment differ in the summation domain over the stations and the trains. y = 0,0124x 3 + 1,4733x 2 + 3,3203x - 1,7214 R² = 0,9999 y = 0,1515x 3 - 0,6515x 2 + 5,3479x - 2,1268 R² = 0,997 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Delay [min] Primary Delay [min] Total delay measured on the line after primary delay to either line A or E A E Poly. (A) Poly. (E) THE CASE STUDY Suburban railway line in the Greater Copenhagen Area High frequency Cyclic timetable No overtakes Non-uniform timetable allowance and buffer times 2 different stopping patterns Uniform rolling stock CUBIC Total delay for small Primary delays Microsimulation: RMCon RailSys 7.9

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Page 1: A Cubic Function Model for Railway Line Delay · TRA VISIONS 2016 project is funded by the European Union A Cubic Function Model for Railway Line Delay Stability and robustness analyses

TRA VISIONS 2016 project

is funded by

the European Union

A Cubic Function Model for

Railway Line Delay

Stability and robustness analyses of

railway timetables compare some given

primary delays with their effect on the

whole operation.

Estimation of delays in Railway can

be performed by microsimulation with

good accuracy, but also high resources

consumption.

A theoretical model that describes

the total delay as a function of the

primary delay analytically, allows to

reduce the computation of

microsimulation keeping its accuracy.

The theoretical model is validated on a real railway line in Denmark. This model will allow the reduction in computation resources needed

for stability and robustness analyses of railway operation. and

Future research will extend the model to railway networks formulate new stability indexes. The average timetable allowance and the

average buffer time, will be computed from the regressed cubic parabola measured via micro-simulation.

Fabrizio CerretoTechnical University of Denmark

Department of Transport

[email protected]

Motivation & Objectives

A primary delay is assigned to the first train at the first station.

The model propagates the primary delay through consecutive trains and sums up all the

delays on individual trains at each station to compute the total delay.

The total delay results in a composite polynomial function of the primary delay.

Methodology

Results

TRA VISIONS 2016 project

is funded by

the European Union

Research Outlook

Total delay on railway lines as a polynomial function of the primary delay given to one train.

Simple analytic formulation, closed form expression.

Fast analyses.

Strategic planning of railway operations.

Key Characteristics

Initial delay

• Primary delay to the first train, at the first station

Delay propagation model

• Timetable Allowance

• Buffer time

Individual train delay at each station

• Residual delay from previous station

• Hindrance from previous train

Total delay

• No recovery

• Partial recovery

• Full recovery

NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

• Number of stations ns = 8

• Number of trains v = 6

• Timetable allowance between

stations a = 2 min

• Buffer time between trains b = 6 min

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Nu

me

rica

l su

mm

atio

n -

To

tal d

ela

yd

[m

in]

Primary delay d [min]

Total delay measured on the line

STATION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A B C D E F G HTR

AIN

1 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36

2 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30

3 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24

4 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18

5 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12

6 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6

STATION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A B C D E F G H

TRA

IN

1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

2 8 6 4 2 0 0 0 0

3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

STATION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A B C D E F G H

TRA

IN

1 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11

2 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5

3 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 0

4 7 5 3 1 0 0 0 0

5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No recovery

Linear

Partial recovery

Quadratic

Full recovery

Cubic

Simplified individual delay as a function of

the primary delay Pd. Assumed uniform

timetable allowance a and buffer time b:

𝑑𝑖,𝑠 = 𝑃𝑑 − 𝑠 − 1 𝑎 − 𝑖 − 1 𝑏

The total delay function has three

segments depending on whether the delay is

recovered fully, partially, or not recovered

within the study range:

• Full recovery – cubic relation

• Partial recovery – quadratic relation

• No recovery – Linear relation

The segment differ in the summation domain

over the stations and the trains.

y = 0,0124x3 + 1,4733x2 + 3,3203x - 1,7214R² = 0,9999

y = 0,1515x3 - 0,6515x2 + 5,3479x - 2,1268R² = 0,997

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tota

l D

ela

y [m

in]

Primary Delay [min]

Total delay measured on the line after primary delay to either line A or E

A E Poly. (A) Poly. (E)

THE CASE STUDY

Suburban railway line in the

Greater Copenhagen Area

• High frequency

• Cyclic timetable

• No overtakes

• Non-uniform timetable allowance

and buffer times

• 2 different stopping patterns

• Uniform rolling stock

CUBIC Total delay for small Primary

delaysMicrosimulation: RMCon RailSys 7.9