e2 Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 10 (2014) e1–e64

and requires little involvement from teaching staff. Other

primary care settings have been explored, and will be

developed further. Further research is needed to deter-

mine whether this experience also facilitates future

interdisciplinary work.

A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Health Related QualityOf Life among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Riyadh, SaudiArabiaI.S.Alaboudi1,M.A.Hassali1,A.A.Shafie1,K.AlRubeaan2,

A. Hassan2, A.A. Alrasheedy1, 1Discipline of Social &

Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical

Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800,

Malaysia, 2University Diabetic Center, King Abdul Aziz

University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to describe the Health Related Quality

of Life profile of type 2 diabetic population in Riyadh,

Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was under-

taken with a cohort of 75 patients attending the

University Diabetic Center at King Abdul Aziz Univer-

sity Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In addition to the

demographic and disease related information, EuroQoL

(EQ-5D) scale was used for the assessment of Health

Related Quality of Life. EQ-5D was scored using values

derived from the UK general population survey.

Descriptive statistics were used to elaborate demo-

graphic and disease related information. Inferential

statistics were applied to evaluate the association among

study variables. Statistical Package for Social Sciences

version 20.0 was used for data analysis. P!0.05 was

taken as significant.

Results: Fifty eight (77.35%) respondents were male with

a mean 12.6�8.4 years of history of diabetes. Thirty four

(45.3%) were categorized in age group of 45-55 years with

mean age of 54�9.2 years. Forty four (58.7%) were using

oral hypoglycemic agents and 40 (53.3%) had university

level of education. Moderate Health Related Quality of

Life (0.71�0.22) level was measured in the study cohort.

Gender had a significant association with Health Related

Quality of Life scores (p¼0.001) and EQ-VAS score (p ¼0.03). The mean EQ-5D score was lower in females

compared to male patients (0.58�0.23 vs 0.74�0.20).

There was no significant association among Health

Related Quality of Life scores and other study variables.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the present pilot study man-

ages to highlight that Saudi diabetic patients do have low

Health Related Quality of Life. Healthcare professionals

need to take into account this factor when coming up

with more holistic patient treatment approach.

A Pilot Analysis of Pharmacy Students Learning StylePreferences at A Malaysian UniversityF. Saleem1, M.A. Hassali1, H. Aljadhey2, I. Zeehan3,1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains

Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 2College of Pharmacy, King

Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 3School of

Languages, Literacy and Translation, Universiti Sains

Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

Students have preferences about how they like to learn.

Available evidence suggests that understanding students’

learning style is helpful in providing them a successful

learning experience. The aim of the study was to

determine learning styles preferences of first year phar-

macy students enrolled at School of Pharmaceutical

Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Methods: A non-experimental prospective, cross-sectional

study design was used for data collection. The Visual,

Auditory, Kinesthetic – Learning questionnaire (VAK)

was administered to all undergraduates of first year

(n¼115). The VAK covers three different learning pref-

erences and suggests that most people can be divided into

one of three visual, auditory and kinesthetic preferred

styles of learning. Both descriptive and inferential statis-

tics were used for data explanation. SPSS v 17.0 was used

for data collection and p!0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Out of 115 respondents, 78 (84.8%) were females

with Malay being the prevailing ethnic group. The VAK

showed satisfactory internal reliability (a ¼ 0.80). Visual

learning style was the most common among the students

(n¼45, 48.9%) followed by kinesthetic (n¼29, 31.5%)

and auditory learning style (n¼28, 30.0%). Other than

ethnicity being significantly associated with auditory

learning style (p¼0.039, 4c¼0.304), the preferred

learning styles were statistically independent of the de-

mographic variables examined in the study.

Conclusions: Based on the results, the respondents

preferred to perform a new task after reading the in-

structions or watching someone else to do it first.

Therefore, it is recommended that policy makers and

educators take into consideration the learning style

preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students when

planning, implementing and evaluating educational ini-

tiatives. A range of teaching methods and learning

activities should be provided in pharmacy education in

order tomatch the variety of learning styles of the students

A Pilot Assessment of Medication Wastage amongPharmacy Students at Universiti Sains MalaysiaM.A. Hassali1, F. Saleem1, H. Aljadhey2, 1School of

Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

Penang, Malaysia, 2College of Pharmacy, King Saud

University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The study was aimed to identify the extent of medicine

wastage and its associated cost among pharmacy un-

dergraduates of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),

Penang, Malaysia.

Methods: A questionnaire bases, cross-sectional survey

was conducted from September to November 2013 at

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM. Convenience

sampling technique was employed for the current study.

Data were collected by visiting the students in their

rooms and through face-to-face interview. Data