MENTAL DISORDERS

A Critical Health Issue

OVERVIEW: 20% or 1 in 5 Americans suffer from a

mental illness in a given year Mental Illness is more common than:

CancerDiabetesHeart Disease

50% of all individuals suffering from a mental disorder are going untreated

40% of all homeless people have some form of mental/emotional problem

20% of people in prison have a mental disorder

CAUSES: ORGANIC Biological Causes

Biochemical Disturbances

Genetics

Infections- can cause brain damage

Brain defects or injury

Prenatal damage

Poor nutrition, exposure to toxins

CAUSES: FUNCTIONAL Psychological Causes

Severe psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse

An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent

Neglect

Poor ability to relate to others

CAUSES: ENVIRONMENTAL Death or divorce A dysfunctional family life Living in poverty Feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, anxiety,

anger or loneliness Changing jobs or schools Social or cultural expectations (For example, a

society that associates beauty with thinness can be a factor in the development of eating disorders.)

Substance abuse by the person or the person's parents

STRESS: Academic

Homesickness

Peer relationships

Family

Identity

Work

Illness

STIGMIZATION: Only 35% of people with diagnosable disorders seek treatment

The single most common barrier to seeking treatment is embarrassment

The stigma attached to mental illness continues to be a huge barrier and delay to early diagnosis and treatment

Secrecy

The “black sheep of the family” role

Isolation or Social Exclusion

Stereotypes

Discrimination

TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS: Anxiety Disorders

Mood Disorders

Personality Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Dissociative Disorders

Somatoform Disorders

ANXIETY DISORDERS Panic Disorder

6 million Americans

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder – OCD 2.2 million Americans

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder – PTSD 7.7 million Americans

Phobias 6.2 million Americans

Generalized Anxiety Disorder – GAD 6.8 million Americans

ANXIETY DISORDERS: Affect about 40 million adults, the most

common of the all mental disorders Begin in childhood, adolescence and early

adulthood Occur slightly more often in women than in

men Commonly occur along with other

mental or physical illnesses, including alcohol or substance abuse, which may mask anxiety symptoms or make them worse

SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS: Feelings of panic, fear and uneasiness Uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts Repeated thoughts or flashbacks of traumatic

experiences Nightmares Ritualistic behaviors, such as repeated hand

washing Problems sleeping Cold or sweaty hands Shortness of breath Palpitations An inability to be still and calm Dry mouth Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet Nausea Muscle tension

MOOD DISORDERSCLINICAL DEPRESSION: WHO AND WHEN?

1 in 8 teens suffer from clinical depression Fewer than half seek treatment

Onset is most often occurs during the 24-44 year olds.

More than twice as many women than men suffer from clinical depression

1 of 4 women and 1 of 10 men develop depression during their lifetime

Family history, substance abuse, and stress increase risk

CLINICAL DEPRESSION:

An illness, not a weakness!

Serious disturbances in work, social, and physical functioning including suicidal thought

Not relieved by circumstances

May last for months or years untreated

Persistent and intense mood change

Situational/Adjustment – Related to a specific situation

Bereavement – Death of a loved one Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Clinical Depression Psychotic Depression Bipolar (Manic-Depressive Illness) Dysthymia Depression Post-Partum Depression – after

pregnancy

CAUSES OF DEPRESSION:

2% general population over a lifetime

Half of cases begin before age 20

Episodic extremes between states depressed state and excitable, euphoric/irritable, impulsive state

Strong family linkage

Occurs equally in men and women

MOOD DISORDERS – BIPOLAR DISORDER:

SYMPTOMS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER: Symptoms of mania ("the highs"):

“Silver Linings Playbook” Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement

Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile

Restlessness

Rapid speech and poor concentration

Increased energy and less need for sleep

Tendency to make grand and unattainable plans

Tendency to show poor judgment, such as deciding to quit a job

Drug and alcohol abuse

Increased impulsivity

SYMPTOMS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER During depressive periods ("the lows”) symptoms

include: Sadness Loss of energy Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness Loss of enjoyment from things that once were pleasurable Difficulty concentrating Uncontrollable crying Difficulty making decisions Irritability Increased need for sleep Insomnia A change in appetite causing weight loss or gain Thoughts of death or suicide Attempting suicide

POST – TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: Can develop after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic or

terrifying event in which serious physical harm occurred or was threatened. Victims of trauma related to physical and sexual assault face the greatest risk.

PTSD is a lasting consequence of traumatic ordeals that cause intense fear, helplessness, or horror, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one, an accident, war, or natural disaster.

Families of victims can also develop post-traumatic stress disorder, as can emergency personnel and rescue workers.

Can develop at any age, including

childhood. Women are more likely to

develop it than men. Due to the fact

that women are more likely to be victims

of domestic violence, abuse and rape.

SYMPTOMS OF PTSD: Symptoms of PTSD most often

begin within three months of the event.

In some cases, they do not begin until years later.

The severity and duration of the illness vary. Some people recover within six month, while others suffer much longer.

Symptoms are grouped into three main categories, including re-living, avoiding, and increased arousal

American Sniper

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER: Common obsessions include:

Fear of dirt or contamination by germs. Fear of causing harm to another. Hoarding – Fear of losing something (again)Fear of being embarrassed or behaving in a

socially unacceptable manner. Fear of thinking evil or sinful thoughts. Need for order, symmetry or exactness. Excessive doubt and the need for constant

reassurance “Checking and Cleaning”

PERSONALITY DISORDERS: Personality disorders: Individuals have extreme

and inflexible personality traits that are distressing to the person and/or cause problems in work, school or social relationships.

In addition, the person's patterns of thinking and behavior significantly differ from the expectations of society and are so rigid that they interfere with the person's normal functioning.

Examples include antisocial personality disorder (Joker), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ( Black Swan) and paranoid personality disorder.

PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS: This disorder most often first appear when a person is in his or her

late teens, 20s or 30s. They affect men and women about equally.

Schizophrenia: “A Beautiful Mind” People with this illness have changes in

behavior and other symptoms -- such as delusions and hallucinations -- that last longer

than six months, usually with a

decline in work, school and social

functioning.

Brief psychotic disorder: People with this illness have sudden, short periods of

psychotic behavior, often in response to a very stressful event, such as a death in the family. Usually lasts less than a month.

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS: Individuals suffer severe disturbances or

changes in memory, consciousness, identity, and general awareness of themselves and their surroundings.

These disorders usually are associated with overwhelming stress, which may be the result of traumatic events, accidents or disasters that may be experienced or witnessed by the individual.

Dissociative identity disorder, formerly called multiple personalitydisorder, or "split personality“

SOMATOFORM DISORDERS: A person with a somatoform disorder, formerly

known as psychosomatic disorder, experiences physical symptoms of an illness even though a doctor can find no medical cause for the symptoms.

Hypochondria is an example of a somatoform disorder. Hypochondria

There will be legitimate physical problems but no physical cause…often related to stressors

TREATMENT OF DISORDERS: Medication-Medicines used to reduce the symptoms of

anxiety disorders include anti-depressants and anxiety-reducing medications.

Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) - addresses the emotional response to mental illness. It is a process in which trained mental health professionals help people by talking through strategies for understanding and dealing with their disorder.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy: People suffering from disorders often participate in this type of psychotherapy in which the person learns to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that lead to troublesome feelings.

GUESS THE DISORDER?

Binge Eating Disorder

Anxiety Disorder

Schizophrenia

Dysthymic DepressionNarcissistic Disorder ADD-ADHD

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder