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3 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions

A comprehensive capability.International plant construction for chemistry, gas supply, biotechnology and pharmaceutics.

Extensive knowledge is the basis.Flexibility provides opportunities.


The successful realisation of large-scale projects on an international level depends on the efficient coordination of many factors. In order to develop complex process chains in an economical and time-saving manner, we offer our clients comprehen-sive know-how in project management and engineering. Our continuous quality awareness and professional contract management skills provide the basis for a smooth project flow. Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH is one of the leading companies worldwide in the design, delivery and construction of chemical, gas, biotechno-logical and pharmaceutical plants. Commissioned by private and national clients, our engineers and managers successfully carry out projects of various sizes.

03Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions

Short paths and safe investments

Our corporate setup is an essential advantage. On the one hand, as a subsidiary of The Linde Group, we offer you the reliability needed for long-term investment decisions. On the other hand, the high flexibility of Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH allows for fast implementations. We rea-lise Linde processes as well as licensed and customer-owned processes.

One-stop project realisation

At every stage of a project, dedicated customer focus has top priority. Starting from the very first contact, our project teams are at your dis-posal – to help you with almost anything from carrying out feasibility studies or obtaining a permit to handling complex logistical tasks or finding financing solutions for your plant. See for yourself.

Project development services

Technical design 3

Front-end engineering 3

Feasibility studies 3

Market analyses 3

Financial models 3

Procurement of licenses 3

Profitability analyses 3

Our business activities

Project managementProject control 3

Quality assurance and cost control 3

Scheduling and expediting 3

Contract management 3

Control 3

QHSE management 3

After-sales service 3

EngineeringBasic and detailed engineering 3

Process design 3

Process calculation 3

Safety analyses 3

Authority permit engineering 3

Equipment specification 3

Material specification and strength calculation 3

Automation 3

Electrical engineering 3

Construction engineering 3

Civil and steel structure 3

Plant design 3

As-built documentation 3

ProcurementGlobal sourcing and purchasing 3

of all plant componentsExpediting and shipping 3

Construction and start-upPlanning of construction and start-up 3

Supervision of civil and construction works 3

Construction 3

Commissioning and start-up supervision 3

Operator training 3

For pharmaceutical plantsQualification (DQ, IQ, OQ) 3


Networked engineering. From the initial idea to the hand-over of keys.

Engineering tasks are the main focus of project development. For each con-struction phase, our specialists work out complete solutions – from conceptual engineering, authority permit engineering as well as basic and detailed engi-neering and procurement through to construction logistics, construction and plant start-up. As we support our clients with proven and tested know-how in all technological, logistical and administrative concerns, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH often acts as a general contractor.


More efficient and effective with IMS

The Integrated Management System (IMS) of Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH comprises the management of processes, quality (Q), health protection (H), safety (S) and environmental protection (E). Well-defined phase models with gates and hold points are used to optimise the organi sation of the plant projects, providing a clearly structured work and document flow and gathering information. Into this complex and interdisci plinary process, we also integrate construction sites and subcontractors, thus obtaining solutions that are optimised in terms of time and quality. Our commitment to contin-uous improvement is supported with the aid of Six Sigma by internal improvement projects.

QHSE policy

In order to meet the high demands on QHSE during the implementation of projects all over the world, Linde has introduced a QHSE policy, which embraces the following objectives: zero incidents, safe and healthy working conditions for all employees and involved partners, pre-vention of environmental pollution and re spon -sible use of natural resources.

Using design reviews to plan ahead

Virtual three-dimensional plant models help improve the coordination of our engineering processes, lending transparency and speed to each and every stage of planning. The early and regular involvement of our clients in PID, design reviews and HAZOPS allows for timely corrections or change requests in engineering. This prevents expensive changes later in the process.

Software for process optimisation

Project management/controllingLinde Project Management System 3

SAP R/3, SAP-PS 3

PRIMAVERA, MS Project 3

Documentum, Lotus Notes 3

ProCorr 3

Conceptual and basic engineering UniSim with Linde Physical Property 3

Database and Aspen PlusHTRI, HTFS, MUSE, MULE 3

Linde Process and Equipment Workbench 3

PDS 2D/Smart Plant 2D 3

MARIAN 3

Microprotol 3

Detailed engineering PDS 3D 3

Design Review 3

Speedikon 3

Isogen 3

CAESAR II 3

PLANEDS 3

INTOOLS, Sigraph 3

Logidoc, CONVAL 3

ProcurementSAP-MM 3

eProcure 3

Construction/start-upLinde Site Management SystemWelding Supervision Documentation

and other Linde-branded programs

Every nut, bolt and screw. Building chemical and gas plants with detailed knowledge means advance in quality.

For decades, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH has been engineering and constructing chemical and gas plants worldwide with great success. Well-founded technical know-how and the free choice of the suitable processes on the basis of own or third party licenses provide our cus-tomers with the best possible flexibility and planning reliability. Thus, the application of the ideal technology is assured for every project, most notably to achieve the highest possible plant efficiency. Our wide range of services – ranging from technologies for gas separation and gas purification to air separation up to chemical and petrochemical plants – is the basis for a successful cooperation. Our core competence lies in polyolefin plants (poly-ethylene and polypropylene plants) and air separation plants.

Modernisation increases economic efficiency

In addition to the construction of new turnkey plants, we also modernise production com-plexes to increase economic efficiency. Using our process engineering know-how, we are also able to modernise older plants to state of the art. As we know every detail of our clients’ plants, our customers benefit particularly from a long-term cooperation. In doing so, we are able to develop plant modifications or replace components to proven Linde quality standards without long familiarisation phases.

Our services provide relief

For a smooth project execution, a comprehen-sive general plan fulfilling all demands is essen-tial. Additionally, our service package includes a range of services that provide verifiable benefits. We carry out feasibility studies, take care of time-consuming approval procedures with the help of our authority permit engineer-ing and develop all necessary safety concepts. In international projects, we also manage the collaboration with local partners in consortiums or joint ventures. In this manner, we facilitate cooperation and achieve the best results. With our global procurement of plant components, we achieve cost-effective and time-optimised package solutions.

Our plant spectrum includes

Polyolefin plants 3

Air separation and liquefaction plants 3

Gas purification and gas separation plants 3

CO 3 2 plantsSynthesis gas plants 3

a 3 -olefin plants and revamps of olefin plantsStorage tank plants 3

Plant revamps 3


Flowing smoothly. The implementation of complex procedures requires flexible processes.


Polyethylene plant in Litvinov

In a wide variety of projects, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH demonstrates professional know-how, flexibility and cus-tomer-oriented project realisation. Taken from a multitude of constructed plants, the following examples account for the company’s performance capability.

Polyethylene plant Chemopetrol, Litvinov, Czech Republic

This plant has a capacity of 200,000 tonnes of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) per year. The UNIPOL™ PE technology for the plant is licensed by Univation Technologies. Ethyl-ene and the comonomers butene or hexene react in a UNIPOL™ fluidised bed reactor producing granular HDPE. Granular HDPE is mixed with additives, melted in the ex -truder and then processed into pellets. These pellets are used in the plastic processing industry for the production of consumer goods, such as plastic bags, packaging foil or yogurt cups.

Polypropylene plant Slovnaft, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

This project was executed by Linde-KCA on a turnkey basis. In addition to the process plant with the UNIPOL™ reactors and the extruder, the entire facility for pellet handling and

various auxiliary facilities were included in the scope of supply. The plant produces 255,000 tonnes of homopolymer as well as impact and random copolymer polypropylene every year. These are further processed into carpet fibres, packaging foils, breathable textiles or car bumpers. The fact that Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH could offer single point responsibility for all services provided the basis for the successful realisation of the project. Included in this re -sponsibility was the coordination of all parties, particularly of Dow Chemical as the licenser for the UNIPOL™ PP tech-nology. The plant was handed over in September 2005. Since then, it has been producing polypropylene of the highest quality.

Polyethylene plant Sharq, Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia

In 2005, Linde-KCA was awarded the contract to construct a turnkey polyethylene plant (HDPE/LLDPE) in Saudi Arabia. The plant consists of two reactor lines, which each have a capacity of 400,000 tonnes per year. In addition to the pro-cess steps (pre-purification of the ethylene and polymeri-sation, degassing and extrusion of the product), the plant also incorporates the conditioning of the reaction catalyst. The finished product is temporarily stored in silos and is later packed in 25-kg bags or bulk packs or transported unpacked in containers.


Polypropylene plant in Bratislava Polyethylene plant in Al-Jubail


Air separation plant in Valcea

Air separation plant Linde Gas Romania, Valcea, Romania

The production of technical gases from air is carried out without further feedstocks and is therefore very environmentally friendly. In the process, air is compressed, cooled, purified and separated into individual gases through cryogenic rectification. The plant in Valcea supplies, amongst others, the adjacent chemi-cal plant with gaseous nitrogen and oxygen. An emergency supply system ensures that gas is continuously supplied to the chemical plant even during production failures. The control of the plant is basically automated. Moreover, a load adjustment system compensates for fluc-tuations in gas demand in order to ensure an energetically optimised operation.

Linde-KCA was responsible for the engineer-ing, procurement, construction and start-up. Delivery and construction was mainly per-formed using local companies.

Oxy-fuel plant at the Schwarze Pumpe site


Linear Alpha-Olefins plant (LAO plant) Jubail United Petrochemical Company, Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia

This plant with a capacity of 150,000 tonnes/ year was designed and built by Linde-KCA as the world’s first large-scale plant according to the “a-Sablin” process from Sabic and Linde. The scope of supply included the process plant as well as a surface flare system and a tank farm for the LAO products and toluene. Linear Alpha-Olefins (LAO) serve as copolymers in plastics manufacturing, as raw material for detergents and syn thetic lubricants, and as plasticisers. On the one hand, the distinctive features of the “a-Sablin” process are based upon the use of two special catalysts which allow the highly flexible control of the distribu-tion between the LAO products. On the other hand, the pro cess is characterised by low oper-ating temper atures (60 –100 °C) and operat-ing pressures (20 –30 bar) as well as by a high product purity.

LAO plant in Al-Jubail

Oxy-fuel plant, Vattenfall Power Generation, Schwarze Pumpe, and CO2 flue gas wash unit, RWE Power AG, Niederaussem, Germany

From now on, power plants have to intensify their efforts to bring their technologies in line with the prevention of climate-relevant greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. In many respects, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH is also involved in the development of eco-friendly processes. Good examples are the air separation unit and the CO2 plant for the world’s first pilot installation of a CO2-reduced lignite coal power plant according to the oxy-fuel process, which was built in Germany by Vattenfall. Another example is the pilot plant for CO2 washing (PCC pro cess) in Niederaussem, which is constructed in cooperation with RWE and BASF and will be commissioned in summer 2009.

The CO2 separated in the oxy-fuel plant at Schwarze Pumpe is purified and liquefied in the Linde-built plant and is stored in specially insulated bulk tanks. The CO2 can later be compressed deep beneath the surface of the earth in another pilot installation. For the company Gaz de France, Linde-KCA designed a plant for the intermediate storage, compression and evaporation of CO2 and built it in Maxdorf.

Expertise in red and white. We build innovative biotechnological plants.

In the 19th century, Linde made a groundbreaking contribu-tion to the technological advancement of the biotechnolog-ical plants of that time – the breweries – by developing and constructing refrigerating machines. Today, we can provide first-class references for biotech plants in the pharmaceuti-cal industry (“Red”) and other industry sectors (“White”). The expertise of Linde’s plant construction in the area of biotechnology is concentrated in the hand of Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH.

Using potentials for White Biotechnology

Price changes and availability, especially of oil-based re -sources, as well as the “technological revolution” in the life sciences are the driving forces of the technological advancement in industrial biotechnology. Linde supports this process actively as a technological company. As a renowned plant manufacturer, we can rely on the exper-tise gathered in our traditional fields of activity – chemical, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical plants. Our clients can thus benefit from knowledge synergies in planning and process handling. Our broad range of references re -garding the type of plants and the size of projects allows us to handle your project with the highest technical and organisational efficiency.

Focus on time to market

In the design and construction of biotechnological plants, the key factors time to market and product quality assur-ance are the focus of our work. From early on, parallel to research and development, we support you in process development and the creation of functional and econom-ical plants. During feasibility studies, we analyse the process transfer risks and estimate the investment cost to provide a solid basis for your investment decision.

Integrated and efficient project handling

As a result of globalisation, mergers and the successful market launch of innovative products, the size and require-ments of projects have steadily increased in recent years. We are able to meet these economic challenges as we profit from the synergies of our company-wide experience, the combination of our competencies as well as the strong and close cooperation with investors and planning partners. Our experts not only take over the complete process plan-ning but also lead and coordinate all skills involved in plant design and construction.

Our spectrum includes plants for

Industrial (White) Biotechnology 3

Pharmaceutical (Red) Biotechnology 3

Active pharmaceutical ingredients 3

Fractionation of blood plasma 3

Pharmaceutical finished dosage forms 3

Food additives 3

Fine chemicals 3


White Biotechnology for industrial plants.The key for the future.

In White Biotechnology, industrial production takes advan-tage of the toolkit of nature. Across many industry sectors, this technology gains more and more importance. Generally, it is applied wherever it is economically superior to purely chemical processes – due to the utilisation of renewable resources as well as its highly specific reactions, efficiency and eco-friendliness.

Driving force for technological developments

The highest economic potential lies in the production of organic bulk chemicals, which, up to now, were predomi-nantly produced petrochemically. White Biotechnology requires the application of alternative technologies, whose common distinguishing feature is a close interlock-ing of biotechnological and chemical process steps. The task of engineering, therefore, is to actively participate in the development of new processes and combinations of process steps.

Pioneer driven by innovations

With all its strength, Linde is committed to the urgently needed thrust of innovation. In addition to our interdisci-plinary experience, the know-how of our engineers and biotechnological experts particularly provides the basis for the development and implementation of novel processes. On this basis, our goal for the future will be to advance White Biotechnology with economical processes and to continually extend its range of applications.


Turnkey monoplant for the production of pectin in Malchin, Germany


Plants for the production of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates, such as cellulose, starch and sugar, are dominant resources for both White Biotechnology and the chemical industry of the future. Plants for the production of various carbohydrates from plant material therefore form the backbone of the advancement of this key industry. In this area, Linde built a turnkey, large-scale plant for the production of functional carbohydrates for a member of the Cargill Group in Malchin, Germany.

Starch is a very versatile resource. It is either separated into glucose molecules and fermented or processed directly into technical products such as biodegradable plastics. Linde-KCA demonstrates its expertise in this area with the construction of innovative starch factories as well as plants for the bio-technological and chemical processing of starch.

Biorefineries with high potential

The processes in biorefineries constitute an integrated pro-duction of chemical products and energy carriers. In bio-refineries, sugar, starch, cellulose, fats, proteins and others are converted into intermediates by biotechnological and chemical processes and are then used as components for synthesis of chemical products. Particularly the renewable raw material lignocellulose will be the dominant resource for biorefineries. This is available in vast amounts almost all over the world and does not compete with the food industry. Various processes are applied for its utilisation, from chemo-physical decomposition to enzymatic degra-dation. In cooperation with research institutes and the manufacturing industry, Linde-KCA will develop own sub-processes for biorefineries and construct complete plants.

Plants for the food, animal feed, textile, detergent, paper, cosmetics, agricultural and energy industry etc.

In these areas, White Biotechnology is a traditional and very diverse application. However, today it also functions as a driving force for technological advancement. In multi-ple processes, improved micro-organisms or highly specific and resistant enzymes are applied as catalysts by means of biomolecular methods. The construction of plants for the large-scale production, processing and application of special micro-organisms and technical enzymes is one of our core competencies. We can therefore offer our clients a wide range of innovative processes for the design and construction of these plants.

Red Biotechnology for pharmaceutical plants. State-of-the-art high-tech plants from Linde.


Production of monoclonal antibodies in Basel Insulin plant in Frankfurt

In the area of Red Biotechnology, Linde-KCA can provide a wide range of first-class references, including the already classic biotechnology, e. g. antibiotics production and stereo-specific steroid transformation as well as conventional plants for vaccines, animal insulin and large-scale protein fractionation from human blood plasma. In addition, we offer state-of-the-art plants for innovative top products, such as recombinant human insulin, erythropoietin or mono-clonal antibodies for cancer therapy and diagnostics. We construct such plants based on customer-owned processes or the technologies of established licensers.

The following selected reference plants demonstrate the ability of our experts to ensure on-time performance and cost-optimised solutions even under such difficult circum-stances as narrow space conditions or construction during ongoing production.

Plant for the production of monoclonal antibodies F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland

When Milstein, Köhler and Jerne were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their groundbreaking invention for the production of monoclonal antibodies, no one could imagine the dimensions of today’s plants for monoclonal antibodies. In this technology of the future, Linde-KCA can present an outstanding reference: the design of the new MAB plant in the city centre of Basel as main contractor for F. Hoffmann-La Roche.

This project is an impressive example of successful transfer of innovative ideas from molecular biology in laboratory scale into large-scale production plants utilising ground-breaking inventions for medicine. The realisation of the large-scale production would not have been possible with out the extraordinary multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers, technicians and natural scientists. This example is able to demonstrate the flexibility of Linde-KCA to adapt their own scope of performance to the current requirements of a new technology within a short period of time.

Plant for the production of insulin Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany

Nowadays, more and more biotechnologically produced pharmaceuticals, so-called biopharmaceuticals, are among the top products of the pharmaceutical industry. The produc-tion plant for insulin in Frankfurt is one of the world’s most modern plants for recombinant human insulin. With insulin glargin (tradename Lantus®), this plant produces one of the most important products of Sanofi-Aventis for the world market. The starting point for the realisation of this tailor-made Lantus® plant was a customer-owned process which had to be transformed from a pilot plant scale to a large-scale plant. The scope of Linde-KCA was the general plan-ning of the project, including basic and detailed engineer-ing as well as procurement, civil engineering, construction, commissioning and qualification.

Multi-purpose pilot plant (kilo lab) for the produc-tion of new active pharmaceutical ingredients F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland

The development of new pharmaceuticals from research to market readiness is usually long, full of risks, expensive and under high pressure in terms of time to market. Plants of the kilo lab type play a key role in this process. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) – which are, at first, only available in tiny amounts – are produced in kilogram scale in kilo labs in order to have sufficient material for toxicolog-ical testing and clinical trials on human beings. Only after its efficacy and safety has been verified, the product can gain authorisation and permission for large-scale produc-tion. Only a small number of all the substances that pass through the kilo lab actually will reach the market as a new drug. That’s why flexibility has top priority. The new kilo lab was designed as a multi-purpose pilot plant and integrated into the existing building of a previous plant. Narrow space conditions and the construction during ongoing production posed special challenges. Our plant development using 3-D CAD offered decisive benefits: planning optimisation with the operators directly in front of the screen, improvement of planning reliability, integration of existing piping and parts of the old plant into the 3-D model and accurate off-site prefabrication of piping.


API plant in Basel


Planting seeds for the future.

Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH

Our customers’ success is our success. With innovative technologies and our employees’ extensive know-how, we are consistently turning our customers’ goals into our own – in a fair, transparent and cost-conscious manner. Therefore, every plant we build is a reference for the next one – creative in its concept, efficient in its implementation.

As one of the leading companies in the planning and construction of chemical, gas, biotechnological and pharmaceutical plants, we offer our customers the security of consistently high quality standards. In coop-eration with reliable business partners, we combine capacity and expertise in order to realise projects of any dimension.

We regard every assignment as a chance to define a new market standard and to expand our strong inter-national position. Driven by our own performance capability, it is our goal to make the name Linde a globally recognised seal of quality, with plants that speak for themselves – and for us.

Headquarters

Postal address:Postal office box 21035301265 DresdenGermany

House address:Bodenbacher Strasse 8001277 DresdenGermanyPhone +49.(0)351.250-30Fax +49.(0)[email protected]

Regional offices

Office Region BaselWallbrunnstrasse 2479539 LörrachGermanyPhone +49.(0)7621.42230-0Fax +49.(0)[email protected]

Office Moscow115114, MoscowLetnikovskaja ul. 10building 2, 8th floorRussiaPhone +7.495.9871223Fax [email protected]

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Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbHBodenbacher Strasse 80, 01277 Dresden, GermanyPhone +49.(0)351.250-30, Fax +49.(0)351.250-4800, www.linde-kca.com

The Linde Engineering Division

2

3 Introduction

Introduction to The Linde Group

Activities of the Engineering Division

4 Linde plants

Chemical and petrochemical plants

Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants

Gas processing plants

Natural gas plants

Natural gas liquefaction plants

Alpha olefin plants

Air separation plants

Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants

Pressure swing adsorption plants

Cryogenic plants

Biotechnological plants

Manufacturing

8 Contact

Contents.

3

Introduction to The Linde GroupThe Linde Group has a world-wide reputation as

a producer of industrial gases, an engineering

contractor with its own process know-how and

a manufacturer of industrial equipment.

The original firm „Gesellschaft für Linde‘s Eis-

maschinen“, started in 1879 by refrigeration

pioneer Carl von Linde, has grown into a corpo-

ration occupying the front rank of suppliers in

its present day field of activity – gas and engi-

neering as well as logistic services.

The Linde Group operates in around 100 coun-

tries with almost 52,000 employees. It achieved

sales of EUR 12.67 billion in the 2008 financial

year. The Engineering Division in Pullach near

Munich (Germany), with more than 30 subsidiar-

ies and affiliates, has around 5,900 employees

all over the globe.

The Engineering Division is successful through-

out the world, with its focus on promising mar-

ket segments such as olefin plants, natural gas

plants and air separation plants, as well as

hydrogen and synthesis gas plants.

In contrast to virtually all our competitors, we

are able to call on our own extensive process

engineering know-how in the planning, pro-

ject development and construction of turnkey

industrial plants.

Activities of the Engineering DivisionLinde designs and builds turn-key plants and

supplies all services for process engineering

projects.

Linde plants are used in a wide variety of fields:

in the petrochemical and chemical industries,

in refineries and fertilizer plants, to recover

air gases, to produce hydrogen and synthesis

gases, to treat and liquefy natural gas, and in

the pharmaceutical industry.

The wide spectrum of Linde technologies is char-

acterized by the scope of temperatures applied,

ranging from -271 °C in a cryogenic plant for liquid

helium up to +1,200 °C in the cracking process of

an olefin plant.

3

Introduction.

Chemical and petrochemical plantsLinde offers technologies for a wide range of

petrochemical plants, such as turnkey plant

complexes for the production and recovery of

- ethylene,

- propylene,

- acetylene,

- butadiene,

- gasoline and

- aromatic compounds

from

- ethane,

- propane,

- LPG,

- naphtha,

- gas oil,

- hydrocracker residues,

- natural gas condensates and

- refinery gases.

In addition to these plants for primary conver-

sion of petrochemical raw materials, Linde can

offer plants for downstream products like poly-

ethylene and polypropylene. Linde‘s portfolio

also includes process and refinery furnaces for

petrochemical companies, refineries, gas pro-

cessing concerns, steel producers, the pharma-

ceutical industry and environmental engineer-

ing groups.

Hydrogen and synthesis gas plantsLinde has the know-how and the experience

to plan, design, supply and construct complete

plants for the production of hydrogen, carbon

monoxide and mixtures of these two gases

(synthesis gas) as well as ammonia and metha-

nol from the feedstocks: natural gas, liquefied

gas, naphtha, residual oil and coal.

Ethylene plant in Antwerp, Belgium

Gas processing plantsGas processing plants are a group of single

process units offered by Linde which include a

great deal of proprietary process and component

manufacturing know-how. They serve for the

purification and separation of gas mixtures and

are based on physical and chemical scrubbing

processes.

The following processes are used in Linde‘s

modern plant design:

- Partial condensation processes

- Liquid methane washes

- Carbon dioxide liquefaction

- Liquid nitrogen washes

- Separation of hydrogen and LPG

from refinery fuel gas

- Purge gas separation

- Pressure swing adsorption

- Physical and chemical washes

4

Linde plants.

Natural gas plantsCryogenic processes represent the most economic

solutions for separating natural gas components.

Nitrogen removal is used for conditioning natural

gas and leads to reduced transportation volumes

and an increased heating value.

When present, the recovery of helium can be

combined with nitrogen removal. High purity

helium is produced by the combination of cryo-

genic and pressure swing adsorption process

steps.

NGL, LPG and condensate as well as the pure

components methane, ethane, propane and

butane often have higher sales values compared

to the pipeline gas itself. Therefore, they are

often extracted and fractionated in tailor made

process plants according to the specific re-

quirements of the regional market and the

customers.

The Engineering Division offers all the required

processes for pretreatment and separation of

natural gas as well as the extraction of NGL, LPG,

nitrogen and helium. Combined with Linde´s pro-

ject execution know-how, these processes can

be implemented on a turn-key basis for all man-

ner of natural gas projects.

Natural gas liquefaction plantsCalling on more than 125 years of experience

as a cryogenic plant designer, Linde is able to

offer natural gas liquefaction plants based on

its proprietary technology on a turn-key basis

for a wide range of uses and capacities:

- World-scale baseload LNG plants

- Small to mid-scale base load and

peak-shaving plants

- LNG Floating Production Storage

and Offloading vessel (FPSO)

Natural gas typically contains a mixture of metha-

ne and heavier hydrocarbon gases, as well as car-

bon dioxide, nitrogen, water and a range of un-

desired components. Undesired components

must be removed and the heavier hydrocarbons

must be separated prior to liquefying and trans-

porting natural gas. This involves a combination

of adsorptive, absorptive and cryogenic process-

es - all of which are part of Linde‘s core competence.

In addition to its engineering capabilities, the

Engineering Division is also a manufacturer of key

cryogenic equipment. This puts Linde in the

unique position to select the most suitable type

of heat exchanger - brazed aluminium plate-fin

or coil-wound - dependant on the project re-

quirement.

Alpha olefin plantsAlpha olefins are unsaturated linear hydrocar-

bons with a double bond between the first and

the second carbon atom.

Alpha olefins are primary used as copolymers in

polyethylene and polypropylene production.

Adding alpha olefins to the above mentioned

polymers increases flexibility and strength in the

end product. 1-hexene is most commonly used,

but 1-octene and 1-pentene are also used by the

polymer producers.

Alpha olefins have traditionally been produced

by oligomerisation of ethylene. Extract of these

components from coal-to-liquid product streams

is an alternative production method.

Linde has a proven track record for the execution

alpha olefin projects, based on technologies

jointly developed with key clients.

LNG plant in Hammerfest, Norway

5

Air separation plantsAir separation plants generally produce oxygen,

nitrogen, argon and - in some special cases -

other rare gases (krypton, xenon, helium, neon)

by cryogenic rectification of air. The products can

be produced in gaseous form for pipeline supply

or as cryogenic liquids for storage and distribu-

tion by truck.

Linde has built approx. 2,800 cryogenic air sepa-

ration plants in more than 80 countries and has

the leading market position for air separation

plants. This position results from the outstanding

technology, high quality and reliability of our

plants, containing a high proportion of in-house

manufactured components, together with effec-

tive contract execution.

Packaged air separation plantsare modularly designed cryogenic plants with

a daily production capacity of up to 450 tons

(13,000 Nm³/h) oxygen or up to 900 tons

(30,000 Nm³/h) nitrogen. If required these

plants can also produce argon. Within the last

20 years Linde has built approx. 500 packaged

air separation plants.

Tonnage air separation plantsare plants that are individually designed for the

specific demands of our customers. These plants

can produce oxygen, nitrogen, argon, krypton,

xenon, helium, and neon.

Oxygen production capacities are between

450 tons ( 13,000 Nm³/h)

and 7,000 tons (200,000 Nm³/h).

Within the last 20 years Linde has built approx.

100 tonnage air separation plants.

Air separation plant in Montereau, France

Hydrogen and synthesis gas plantsLinde as a leading supplier of syngas technology

designs, supplies and constructs entire synthesis

gas plants for the production of carbon mono-

xide, hydrogen and mixtures of these gases as

well as ammonia and methanol plants.

Providing the whole range of processes Linde can

select the most appropriate solution for each

case from the options: steam reforming, tandem

reforming (gas heated reforming), autothermal

reforming, partial oxidation and CO2 reforming.

Linde has the design know-how and inhouse ex-

perience on processing all hydrocarbon feed-

stocks from natural gas, LPG, naphtha up to re-

sidual oil and heavier feeds.

Having available the whole range of processes

and being experienced in the design of all feed-

stocks and capacities, Linde can select the

technically and economically most favourable

configuration.

6

Pressure swing adsorption plantsLinde is a leading supplier of Pressure Swing

Adsorption (PSA) plants for the recovery of pure

hydrogen from various hydrogen-rich streams as

well as for the recovery of CO2 and CH4 from pro-

cess gases. Also plants for oxygen and nitrogen

generation based on adsorption technology are

offered by Linde in a wide range of capacities.

Cryogenic plantsCryogenic plants are used for the liquefaction

and storage of helium and hydrogen.

Biotechnological plantsThese plants are for the industrial and the

pharmaceutical biotechnology, for chemical

synthesis of pharmaceutical substances and

for the formulation of pharmaceuticals.

ManufacturingLinde designs and manufactures core equipment

for the processes and plant types covering its own

product portfolio. Moreover this equipment is

also sold to third party customers, some of them

being our competitors within the market for pro-

cess plants.

Coil-wound heat exchanger in

Linde´s own fabrication facility

The scope of supply comprises:

- Cold boxes

- Tanks for liquefied gases

- Coil-wound heat exchangers

- Plate-fin heat exchangers

- Storage tanks for cryogenic gases

- Air-heated vaporizers

- Water bath vaporizers

- Spiral-welded aluminium pipes

Syngas plant with downstream

pressure swing adsorption in Oberhausen, Germany

LE/

1.3.

e/09

Linde´s Engineering Division continuously develops extensive process engineering know-how in the planning,

project management and construction of turnkey industrial plants.

The range of products comprises:

− Petrochemical plants

− LNG and natural gas processing plants

− Synthesis gas plants

− Hydrogen plants

− Gas processing plants

− Adsorption plants

− Air separation plants

− Cryogenic plants

− Biotechnological plants

− Furnaces for petrochemical plants and refineries

Linde and its subsidiaries manufacture:

− Packaged units, cold boxes

− Coil-wound heat exchangers

− Plate-fin heat exchangers

− Cryogenic standard tanks

− Air heated vaporizers

− Spiral-welded aluminium pipes

Engineering Division headquarters:

Linde AGEngineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Str. 6-14, 82049 Pullach, Germany

Phone +49.89.7445-0, Fax +49.89.7445-4908, E-Mail: [email protected], www.linde.com

More than 3,800 plants worldwide document the leading position of the Engineering Division in international plant construction.

Engineering DivisionSchalchen PlantTacherting, GermanyPhone +49.8621.85-0Fax [email protected]

Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbHDresden, GermanyPhone +49.351.250-30Fax [email protected]

Selas-Linde GmbHPullach, GermanyPhone +49.89.7447-470Fax [email protected]

Cryostar SASHésingue, FrancePhone +33.389.70-2727Fax [email protected]

Linde CryoPlants Ltd.Aldershot, Great BritainPhone +44.1.252.3313-51Fax [email protected]

Linde Impianti Italia S.p.A.Rome, ItalyPhone +39.066.5613-1Fax [email protected]

Linde Kryotechnik AGPfungen, SwitzerlandPhone +41.52.3040-555Fax [email protected]

Cryo ABGöteborg, SwedenPhone +46.3164-6800Fax [email protected]

Linde Process Plants, Inc.Tulsa, OK, U.S.A.Phone +1.918.4771-200Fax [email protected]

Selas Fluid Processing Corp.Blue Bell, PA, U.S.A.Phone +1.610.834-0300Fax [email protected]

Linde Engenharia do Brasil Ltda.Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPhone +55.21.3545-2255Fax [email protected]

Linde Process Plants (Pty.) Ltd.Johannesburg, South AfricaPhone +27.11.490-0513Fax [email protected]

Linde-KCA Russia BranchMoscow, RussiaPhone +7.495.646-5242Fax [email protected]

Linde Arabian Contracting Co. Ltd.Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaPhone +966.1.419-1193Fax [email protected]

Linde Engineering Middle East LLCAbu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesPhone +971.2.4477-631Fax [email protected]

Linde Engineering India Pvt. Ltd.Vadodara, Gujarat, IndiaPhone +91.265.3056-789Fax [email protected]

Linde Engineerig Far East, Ltd.Seoul, South KoreaPhone +82.2789-6697Fax [email protected]

Linde Engineering DivisionBangkok, ThailandPhone +66.2636-1998Fax [email protected]

Linde Engineering Co. Ltd.Dalian, P.R. of ChinaPhone +86.411.39538-800Fax [email protected]

Linde Engineering Co. Ltd.Hangzhou, P.R. of ChinaPhone +86.571.87858-222Fax [email protected]

Linde Engineering DivisionBeijing Representative OfficeBeijing, P.R. of ChinaPhone +86.10.6437-7014Fax [email protected]

Linde AG Taiwan BranchEngineering DivisionTaipei, TaiwanPhone +886.2.2786-3131Fax [email protected]

Linde Australia Pty. Ltd.Chatswood N.S.W., AustraliaPhone +61.29411-4111Fax [email protected]

Designing Processes - Constructing Plants.

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