a comparison of bacterial communities between geographically separated corals infected with white...
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A Comparison of Bacterial Communities A Comparison of Bacterial Communities Between Geographically Separated Corals Between Geographically Separated Corals
Infected with White Plague Type IIInfected with White Plague Type II
G.M. Cook, J. P. Rothenberger, M. Sikaroodi,G.M. Cook, J. P. Rothenberger, M. Sikaroodi, E. Peters, P.M. Gillevet, R. B. Jonas E. Peters, P.M. Gillevet, R. B. Jonas
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason UniversityDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason UniversityTetra Tech, Inc.Tetra Tech, Inc.
IntroductionIntroduction
Acquired samples of apparently healthy and Acquired samples of apparently healthy and diseased corals (diseased corals (Montastraea annularisMontastraea annularis) from ) from the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Bahamasthe U.S. Virgin Islands and the Bahamas
Compared the microbial community composition Compared the microbial community composition of healthy and infected coral pairsof healthy and infected coral pairs
Microbial culturing, LH-PCR, molecular Microbial culturing, LH-PCR, molecular fingerprinting, and 16S rRNA sequencingfingerprinting, and 16S rRNA sequencing
July 29, 2002
Photo by: Dr. Robert Jonas
M. faveolata, Andros Island, Bahamas.
Photo by: Dr. Robert Jonas
August 18, 2002 (20 days after initial observation)
M. faveolata, Andros Island, Bahamas.
13.5 cm
Photo by: Dr. Robert Jonas
August 1, 2003 (one year after initial observation)
M. faveolata, Andros Island, Bahamas.
HypothesesHypotheses
1.1. That the causative agents are opportunistic pathogens That the causative agents are opportunistic pathogens normally present in the host or its environs rather than normally present in the host or its environs rather than a novel, obligate pathogen;a novel, obligate pathogen;
2.2. That corals exhibiting WPII disease signs from different That corals exhibiting WPII disease signs from different geographical regions harbor differing microbial geographical regions harbor differing microbial communities in normal tissue and diseased tissue; communities in normal tissue and diseased tissue;
3.3. The WPII disease process is the result of a broad shift The WPII disease process is the result of a broad shift in the microbial community (dysbiosis).in the microbial community (dysbiosis).
MethodologyMethodology
Divers sampling a colony of M. faveolata, LSI, Exumas, Bahamas
Photo by: Dr. Robert Jonas
Lee Stocking Island, Exumas, BahamasLee Stocking Island, Exumas, Bahamas
ggggg
XX
Photo by: Dr. Robert Jonas
X
St. Croix, U.S. Virgin IslandsSt. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Photo by: Dr. Robert Jonas
X
VC2D & VC2HD
VC7H
1.6 cm
Experimental DesignExperimental Design
Two cores used for Two cores used for histological histological investigationsinvestigations
Three cores used for Three cores used for microbial & molecular microbial & molecular investigationsinvestigations Photo By: Dr. Esther Peters
Photo By: Dr. Robert Jonas
Length Heterogeneity PCR Length Heterogeneity PCR FingerprintingFingerprinting
(LH-PCR)(LH-PCR)
OTU 1 *OTU 2 *OTU 3 *
27F27F
355R355R
Peak area ~ Abundance
Size(bp)
Re
lativ
e In
tens
ity
ResultsResults
Fingerprint HistogramFingerprint Histogram* Active WPII
Fingerprint HistogramFingerprint Histogram* Inactive WPII
Results/ConclusionsResults/Conclusions
The Virgin Island Control/Healthy community is not The Virgin Island Control/Healthy community is not nearly as diverse as the Bahamas Control/Healthy nearly as diverse as the Bahamas Control/Healthy community.community.
There is a shift from a low complexity (H, HD) to high There is a shift from a low complexity (H, HD) to high complexity community (D) in VI samples.complexity community (D) in VI samples.
There is a shift from a high complexity (H, HD) to low There is a shift from a high complexity (H, HD) to low complexity community (D) in the Bahamas samples.complexity community (D) in the Bahamas samples.
PCO case scores (Euclidean)
Disease BI
Healthy BI
Control BI
Disease VI
Healthy VI
Control VI
Axis 2
Axis 1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
The clustering of diseased tissue The clustering of diseased tissue (D)(D) is different from is different from healthy tissue healthy tissue (HD)(HD) and the control tissue and the control tissue (H)(H)..The clustering of the healthy and control tissue from the VI ((●●)) is different from the healthy and control tissue from the Bahamas ((▲▲)) ..
Axis 2
WPII was inactive in VI samples. WPII was inactive in VI samples.
PossiblePossible etiological agent fingerprint,etiological agent fingerprint, Aurantimonas Aurantimonas coralicidacoralicida (313.1 bp), was found only in the diseased tissue (313.1 bp), was found only in the diseased tissue of Bahamian samples.of Bahamian samples.
Control and healthy on diseased microbial community differs Control and healthy on diseased microbial community differs with geographical separation.with geographical separation.
We’re not finished yet!We’re not finished yet!
Results/ConclusionsResults/Conclusions
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Special thanks toSpecial thanks to::
J. Paige RothenbergerJ. Paige Rothenberger
Masoumeh SikaroodiMasoumeh Sikaroodi
Roslyn Cress and the Department of ESPRoslyn Cress and the Department of ESP
Perry Institute of Marine Science (PIMS)Perry Institute of Marine Science (PIMS)
National Underwater Research Program (NURP)National Underwater Research Program (NURP)
American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
U.S. Fish and WildlifeU.S. Fish and Wildlife
The people of St. Croix and the Bahamas The people of St. Croix and the Bahamas
Photo by: Dr. Robert Jonas