a citizen’s guide to radon (fourth edition) the guide to...

U.S. DepartmentOf Health andHuman Services

United StatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgency

U.S. PublicHealth Service

Indoor Air And Radiation (6609J) 402-K-02-006 Revised May 2002

A Citizen’s GuideTo Radon (Fourth Edition)

The Guide To ProtectingYourself And Your FamilyFrom Radon

Printed on Recycled Paper

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/citguide.html

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EPA Recommends:

� Test your home for radon–it’s easy andinexpensive.

� Fix your home if your radon level is4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) or higher.

� Radon levels less than 4 pCi/L still pose arisk, and in many cases may be reduced.

Radon isestimated

to causethousands of

cancer deathsin the U.S.each year.

* Radon is estimated to cause between 15,000 and 22,000 lung cancer deathsper year, according to the National Academy of Sciences 1998 data. Thenumbers of deaths from other causes are taken from 2001 National SafetyCouncil reports.

30,000

deathsper year

10,000

DrunkDriving

RADON* Drownings

2

FiresFalls inthe Home

1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

15,000 -22,000

9003,200

9,300

12,231

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Radon is a cancer-causing, radioactive gas.You can’t see radon. And you can’t smell it or taste it. But it may be aproblem in your home.

Radon is estimated to cause many thousands of deaths each year.That’s because when you breathe air containing radon, you can get lungcancer. In fact, the Surgeon General has warned that radon is thesecond leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today. Onlysmoking causes more lung cancer deaths. If you smoke and yourhome has high radon levels, your risk of lung cancer is especiallyhigh.

Radon can be found all over the U.S.Radon comes from the natural (radioactive) breakdown of uranium insoil, rock and water and gets into the air you breathe. Radon can befound all over the U.S. It can get into any type of building – homes,offices, and schools – and result in a high indoor radon level. But youand your family are most likely to get your greatest exposure at home.That’s where you spend most of your time.

You should test for radon.Testing is the only way to know if you and your family are at risk fromradon. EPA and the Surgeon General recommend testing all homesbelow the third floor for radon. EPA also recommends testing inschools.

Testing is inexpensive and easy – it should only take a few minutesof your time. Millions of Americans have already tested their homesfor radon (see page 5).

You can fix a radon problem.There are simple ways to fix a radon problem that aren’t too costly.Even very high levels can be reduced to acceptable levels.

New homes can be built with radon-resistant features.Radon-resistant construction techniques can be effective in preventingradon entry. When installed properly and completely, these simple andinexpensive techniques can help reduce indoor radon levels in homes.In addition, installing them at the time of construction makes it easierand less expensive to reduce radon levels further if these passivetechniques don’t reduce radon levels to below 4pCi/L. Every new homeshould be tested after occupancy, even if it was built radon-resistant.

OVER

VIEW

3

4

RADON GETS IN THROUGH:

1. Cracks in solid floors.

2. Construction joints.

3. Cracks in walls.

4. Gaps insuspended floors.

5. Gaps aroundservice pipes.

6. Cavities inside walls.

7. The water supply.

HOW DOES RADON GET INTO YOUR HOME?Radon is a radioactive gas. It comes from the natural decay of uraniumthat is found in nearly all soils. It typically moves up through the groundto the air above and into your home through cracks and other holes in thefoundation. Your home traps radon inside, where it can build up. Any homemay have a radon problem. This means new and old homes,well-sealed and drafty homes, and homes with or without basements.

Radon from soil gas is the main cause of radon problems. Sometimesradon enters the home through well water (see page 8). In a small numberof homes, the building materials can give off radon, too. However, buildingmaterials rarely cause radon problems by themselves.

Any home mayhave a radon

problem.

Nearly 1 out of every 15 homes in the U.S. is estimated to have elevatedradon levels. Elevated levels of radon gas have been found in homes in yourstate. Contact your state radon office (see back cover) for generalinformation about radon in your area. While radon problems may bemore common in some areas, any home may have a problem. The onlyway to know about your home is to test.

Radon can also be a problem in schools and workplaces. Ask yourstate radon office (see back cover) about radon problems in schools, daycareand childcare facilities, and workplaces in your area.

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HOW TO TEST YOUR HOMEYou can’t see radon, but it’s not hard to find out if you have a radonproblem in your home. All you need to do is test for radon. Testing is easyand should only take a few minutes of your time.

The amount of radon in the air is measured in “picocuries per liter ofair,” or “pCi/L.” Sometimes test results are expressed in Working Levels(WL) rather than picocuries per liter (pCi/L) (see page 6). There are manykinds oflow-cost “do it yourself” radon test kits you can get through the mail andin some hardware stores and other retail outlets. If you prefer, or if you arebuying or selling a home, you can hire a qualified tester to do the testingfor you. You should first contact your state radon office about obtaining alist of qualified testers. You can also contact a private radon proficiencyprogram for lists of privately certified radon professionals serving yourarea. For links and more information, visit http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/proficiency.html.

There are Two General Ways to Test for Radon:SHORT-TERM TESTING:The quickest way to test is with short-term tests. Short-term tests remain in yourhome for two days to 90 days, depending on the device. “Charcoal canisters,” “alphatrack,” “electret ion chamber,” “continuous monitors,” and “charcoal liquidscintillation” detectors are most commonly used for short-term testing. Becauseradon levels tend to vary from day to day and season to season, a short-term test isless likely than a long-term test to tell you your year-round average radon level. If youneed results quickly, however, a short-term test followed by a second short-term testmay be used to decide whether to fix your home. (see also page 7 under Home Sales)

LONG-TERM TESTING:Long-term tests remain in your home for more than 90 days. “Alpha track” and“electret” detectors are commonly used for this type of testing. A long-term test willgive you a reading that is more likely to tell you your home’s year-round average radonlevel than a short-term test.

How To Use a Test Kit:Follow the instructions that come with your test kit. If you are doing ashort-term test, close your windows and outside doors and keep themclosed as much as possible during the test. Heating and air conditioningsystem fans that re-circulate air may be operated. Do not operate fans orother machines which bring in air from outside. Fans that are part of aradon-reduction system or small exhaust fans operating only for shortperiods of time may run during the test. If you are doing a short-term testlasting just 2 or 3 days, be sure to close your windows and outside doors atleast 12 hours before beginning the test, too. You should not conduct

Testing is easyand should onlytake a fewminutes ofyour time.

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short-term tests lasting just 2 or 3 days during unusually severe storms or periods ofunusually high winds. The test kit should be placed in the lowest lived-in level of thehome (for example, the basement if it is frequently used, otherwise the first floor). Itshould be put in a room that is used regularly (like a living room, playroom, den, orbedroom) but not your kitchen or bathroom. Place the kit at least 20 inches above thefloor in a location where it won’t be disturbed—away from drafts, high heat, highhumidity, and exterior walls. Leave the kit in place for as long as the package says.Once you’ve finished the test, reseal the package and send it to the lab specified on thepackage right away for analysis. You should receive your test results within a few weeks.

EPA Recommends the Following Testing Steps:

Step 1. Take a short-term test. If your result is 4 pCi/L or higher*, takea follow-up test (Step 2) to be sure.

Step 2. Follow up with either a long-term test or a second short-term test:

• For a better understanding of your year-round averageradon level, take a long-term test.

• If you need results quickly, take a second short-term test.

The higher your initial short-term test result, the more certain you canbe that you should take a short-term rather than a long-term follow uptest. If your first short-term test result is more than twice EPA’s 4pCi/Laction level, you should take a second short-term test immediately.

Step 3. • If you followed up with a long-term test: Fix your home ifyour long-term test result is 4 pCi/L or more*.

• If you followed up with a second short-term test: The higher yourshort-term results, the more certain you can be that you should fixyour home. Consider fixing your home if the average of your first andsecond test is 4 pCi/L or higher*. (see also page 7 under Home Sales)* 0.02 Working Levels (WL) or higher.

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WHAT YOUR TEST RESULTS MEANThe average indoor radon level is estimated to be about 1.3 pCi/L, andabout 0.4 pCi/L of radon is normally found in the outside air. The U.S.Congress has set a long-term goal that indoor radon levels be no morethan outdoor levels. While this goal is not yet technologically achievablein all cases, most homes today can be reduced to 2 pCi/L or below.

Sometimes short-term tests are less definitive about whether or notyour home is above 4 pCi/L. This can happen when your results are closeto 4 pCi/L. For example, if the average of your two short-term test resultsis 4.1 pCi/L, there is about a 50% chance that your year-round average issomewhat below 4 pCi/L. However, EPA believes that any radon exposurecarries some risk—no level of radon is safe. Even radon levels below4 pCi/L pose some risk, and you can reduce your risk of lung cancer bylowering your radon level.

If your living patterns change and you begin occupying a lower level ofyour home (such as a basement) you should retest your home on that level.

Even if your test result is below 4 pCi/L, you may want to test againsometime in the future.

RADON AND HOME SALESMore and more, home buyers and renters are asking about radon levels before they buy or rent a home.Because real estate sales happen quickly, there is often little time to deal with radon and other issues. Thebest thing to do is to test for radon NOW and save the results in case the buyer is interested in them. Fix aproblem if it exists so it won’t complicate your home sale. If you are planning to move, call your state radonoffice (see back page) for EPA's pamphlet “Home Buyer’s and Seller’s Guide to Radon,” which addressessome common questions (http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/realestate.html). You can also use the resultsof two short-term tests done side-by-side (four inches apart) to decide whether to fix your home.

During home sales:

• Buyers often ask if a home has been tested, and if elevated levels were reduced.

• Buyers frequently want tests made by someone who is not involved in the home sale. Your state radonoffice (see back cover) can assist you in identifying a qualified tester.

• Buyers might want to know the radon levels in areas of the home (like a basement they plan to finish) thatthe seller might not otherwise test.

Today many homes are built to help prevent radon from coming in. Your state or local area may require theseradon-resistant construction features. Radon-resistant construction features usually keep radon levels in newhomes below 2 pCi/L. If you are buying or renting a new home, ask the owner or builder if it has radon-resistant features. The EPA recommends building new homes with radon-resistant features in high radonpotential (Zone 1) areas. For more information, refer to the EPA’s Map of Radon Zones and other useful EPAdocuments on radon-resistant new construction (see back cover), or visit http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon. Evenif built radon-resistant, every new home should be tested for radon after occupancy. If you have a test resultof 4pCi/L or more, you can have a qualified mitigator easily add a vent fan to an existing passive system forabout $300 and further reduce the radon level in your home.

Test your homenow and saveyour results. Ifyou find highradon levels, fixyour home beforeyou decide tosell it.

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RADON IN WATERThe radon in your home’s indoorair can come from two sources, thesoil or your water supply.Compared to radon entering thehome through water, radonentering your home through thesoil is usually a much larger risk.

The radon in your water supplyposes an inhalation risk and aningestion risk. Research hasshown that your risk of lungcancer from breathing radon in airis much larger than your risk ofstomach cancer from swallowingwater with radon in it. Most ofyour risk from radon in water

If you’ve testedthe air in your

home and founda radon problem,

and your watercomes from a

well, have yourwater tested.

comes from radon released into the air when water is used for showeringand other household purposes.

Radon in your home’s water is not usually a problem when its source issurface water. A radon in water problem is more likely when its source isground water, e.g. a private well or a public water supply system that usesground water. Some public water systems treat their water to reduceradon levels before it is delivered to your home. If you are concerned thatradon may be entering your home through the water and your watercomes from a public water supply, contact your water supplier.

If you’ve tested your private well and have a radon in water problem, itcan be easily fixed. Your home’s water supply can be treated in two ways.Point-of-entry treatment can effectively remove radon from the waterbefore it enters your home. Point-of-use treatment devices remove radonfrom your water at the tap, but only treat a small portion of the water youuse and are not effective in reducing the risk from breathing radonreleased into the air from all water used in the home.

For more information, call EPA’sDrinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791or visit http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon.html. Ifyour water comes froma private well, you canalso contact yourstate radon office.

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RADON AND HOMERENOVATIONS

If you are planningany major structuralrenovation, such asconverting an unfin-ished basement areainto living space, it isespecially important totest the area for radonbefore you begin therenovation. If yourtest results indicate aradon problem, radon-resistant techniquescan be inexpensivelyincluded as part of therenovation. Becausemajor renovations canchange the level ofradon in any home,always test again afterwork is completed.

HOW TO LOWER THE RADON LEVELIN YOUR HOMESince there is no known safe level of radon, there can always be somerisk. But the risk can be reduced by lowering the radon level in yourhome.

A variety of methods are used to reduce radon in your home. In somecases, sealing cracks in floors and walls may help to reduce radon. Inother cases, simple systems using pipes and fans may be used to reduceradon. Such systems, known as soil suction, do not require major changesto your home. These systems remove radon gas from below the concretefloor and the foundation before it can enter the home. Similar systems canalso be installed in houses with crawl spaces. Radon contractors use othermethods that may also work in your home. The right system depends onthe design of your home and other factors.

Ways to reduce radon in your home are discussed in EPA’s “Consumer’sGuide to Radon Reduction.” You can get a copy from your state radonoffice, or view it online at www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/index.html.

The cost of making repairs to reduce radon depends on how your homewas built and the extent of the radon problem. Most homes can be fixedfor about the same cost as other common home repairs like painting orhaving a new hot water heater installed. The average house costs about$1,200 for a contractor to fix, although this can range from about $800 toabout $2,500. The cost is much less if a passive system was installed duringconstruction.

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Lowering high radon levels requires technical knowledge and specialskills. You should use a contractor who is trained to fix radon problems. Aqualified contractor can study the radon problem in your home and helpyou pick the right treatment method.

Check with your state radon office for names of qualified or state certi-fied radon contractors in your area. You can also contact private radonproficiency programs for lists of privately certified radon professionals inyour area. For more information on private radon proficiency programs,visit http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/proficiency.html. Picking someone to fixyour radon problem is much like choosing a contractor for other homerepairs – you may want to get references and more than one estimate.

If you are considering fixing your home’s radon problem yourself, you shouldfirst contact your state radon office for guidance and assistance.

You should also test your home again after it is fixed to be sure thatradon levels have been reduced. Most soil suction radon reduction systemsinclude amonitor that willindicate whetherthe system isoperatingproperly. Inaddition, it’s agood idea toretest your homeevery two yearsto be sure radonlevels remainlow.

Most homes canbe fixed for

about the samecost as other

common homerepairs.

Note: This diagram is a composite view of several mitigationoptions. The typical mitigation system usually has only one pipepenetration through the basement floor; the pipe may also beinstalled on the outside of the house.

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THE RISK OF LIVING WITH RADONRadon gas decays into radioactive particles that can get trapped inyour lungs when you breathe. As they break down further, theseparticles release small bursts of energy. This can damage lung tis-sue and lead to lung cancer over the course of your lifetime. Noteveryone exposed to elevated levels of radon will develop lung cancer.And the amount of time between exposure and the onset of thedisease may be many years.

Like other environmental pollutants, there is some uncertaintyabout the magnitude of radon health risks. However, we know moreabout radon risks than risks from most other cancer-causingsubstances. This is because estimates of radon risks are based onstudies of cancer in humans (underground miners).

Smoking combined with radon is an especially serious health risk.Stop smoking and lower your radon level to reduce your lung cancerrisk.

Children have been reported to have greater risk than adults ofcertain types of cancer from radiation, but there are currently noconclusive data on whether children are at greater risk than adultsfrom radon.

Your chances of getting lung cancer from radon depend mostly on:

• How much radon is in your home

• The amount of time you spend inyour home

• Whether you are a smoker or haveever smoked

Scientists aremore certainabout radon risksthan risks frommost othercancer-causingsubstances.

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RADON RISK IF YOU SMOKE

RADON RISK IF YOU’VE NEVER SMOKED

RadonLevel

20 pCi/L

10 pCi/L

8 pCi/L

4 pCi/L

2 pCi/L

1.3 pCi/L

0.4 pCi/L

If 1,000 people whosmoked were exposed

to this level over alifetime. . .

About 135 peoplecould get lung cancer







The risk of cancer fromradon exposure compares to. . .

�100 times the risk of drowning

�100 times the risk of dying in a home fire

�100 times the risk of dying in an airplane crash

�2 times the risk of dying in a car crash

(Average indoor radon level)

(Average outdoor radon level)

WHAT TO DO:Stop Smoking and. . .

Fix your home

Fix your home

Fix your home

Fix your home

Consider fixingbetween 2 and 4 pCi/L

(Reducingradon levels

below2 pCi/L isdifficult)

Note: If you are a former smoker, your risk may be lower.

It’s never toolate to reduce

your risk of lungcancer. Don’t

wait to test andfix a radon

problem. If youare a smoker,stop smoking.

RadonLevel

20 pCi/L

10 pCi/L

8 pCi/L

4 pCi/L

2 pCi/L

1.3 pCi/L

0.4 pCi/L

If 1,000 people whonever smoked were

exposed to this levelover a lifetime. . .






Less than 1 personcould get lung

The risk of cancer fromradon exposure compares to. . .

�The risk of being killed in a violent crime

�10 times the risk ofdying in an airplane crash

�The risk of drowning

�The risk of dying in a home fire

(Average indoor radon level)

(Average outdoor radon level)

WHAT TO DO:

Fix your home

Fix your home

Fix your home

Fix your home

Consider fixingbetween 2 and 4 pCi/L

(Reducingradon levels

below2 pCi/L isdifficult)

Note: If you are a former smoker, your risk may be higher. Also, based on information from the National Academy of Sciences 1998report, The Health Effects of Exposure to Radon, your radon risk may be higher than shown, even if you have never smoked.

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RADONMYTHS

MYTH: Scientistsaren’t sure radon really

is a problem.

FACT: Although some scientists dispute the precise number ofdeaths due to radon, all major health organizations (like theCenters for Disease Control, the American Lung Associationand the American Medical Association) agree with estimatesthat radon causes thousands of preventable lung cancerdeaths every year. This is especially true among smokers,since the risk to smokers is much greater than to non-smokers.

MYTH: Radon testing isdifficult, time

consuming andexpensive.

FACT: Radon testing is easy. You can test your home yourself orhire a qualified radon test company. Either approach takesonly a small amount of time and effort.

MYTH: Radon test kitsare not reliable and are

difficult to find.

FACT: Reliable test kits are available from qualified radon testersand companies. Reliable testing devices are also availableby phone or mail-order, and can be purchased in hardwarestores and other retail outlets. Call your state radon office(see back cover) for help in identifying radon testingcompanies.

MYTH: Homes withradon problems

can’t be fixed.

FACT: There are simple solutions to radon problems in homes.Hundreds of thousands of homeowners have already fixedradon problems in their homes. Radon levels can be readilylowered for about $800 to $2,500. Call your state radonoffice (see back cover) for help in identifying qualifiedmitigation contractors.

MYTH: Radon only affectscertain kinds of homes.

FACT: House construction can affect radon levels. However, radoncan be a problem in homes of all types: old homes, newhomes, drafty homes, insulated homes, homes withbasements, homes without basements. Local geology,construction materials, and how the home was built areamong the factors that can affect radon levels in homes.

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MYTH: Radon is only aproblem in certain parts of

the country.

FACT: High radon levels have been found in every state. Radonproblems do vary from area to area, but the only way to knowyour radon level is to test.

MYTH: A neighbor’stest result is a good

indication of whether yourhome has

a problem.

FACT: It’s not. Radon levels can vary greatly from home to home.The only way to know if your home has a radon problem is totest it.

MYTH: Everyoneshould test their water for

radon.

FACT: Although radon gets into some homes through water, it isimportant to first test the air in the home for radon. If yourwater comes from a public water system that uses groundwater, call your water supplier. If high radon levels arefound and the home has a private well, call the Safe DrinkingWater Hotline at (800) 426-4791 for information on testingyour water.

MYTH: It’s difficult to sellhomes where radon

problems havebeen discovered.

FACT: Where radon problems have been fixed, home sales have notbeen blocked or frustrated. The added protection is sometimes a good selling point.

MYTH: I’ve lived in myhome for so long, it

doesn’t make sense totake action now.

FACT: You will reduce your risk of lung cancer when you reduceradon levels, even if you’ve lived with a radon problem for along time.

MYTH: Short-term testscan’t be used for

making a decisionabout whether to fix

your home.

FACT: A short-term test followed by a second short-term test*can be used to decide whether to fix your home. However,the closer the average of your two short-term tests is to 4pCi/L, the less certain you can be about whether your year-round average is above or below that level. Keep in mindthat radon levels below 4 pCi/L still pose some risk. Radonlevels can be reduced in most homes to 2 pCi/L or below.*If the radon test is part of a real estate transaction, the result of two short-termtests can be used in deciding whether to mitigate. For more information, see EPA’sHome Buyer’s and Seller’s Guide to Radon.

15

FORFURTHER

INFORMATION

IU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1995–620-596

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/regionia.htmlCheck the above website for a listingof your EPA regional office.

EPA Regional Offices

1-800-SOS-RADON (767-7236)Operated by the National Safety Councilin partnership with EPA. Order radontest kits by phone.

1-800-55RADON (557-2366)Operated by the National Safety Councilin partnership with EPA. For live helpwith your radon questions.

1-800-725-8312Spanish language hotline, operated bythe National Alliance for Hispanic Healthin partnership with EPA. For generalhelp with radon, testing, and mitigationquestions, and free test kits.

1-800-438-4318Indoor Air Quality InformationClearinghouse, operated by an EPAcontractor. For general radon andindoor air quality information andcopies of EPA publications.

1-800-426-4791Safe Drinking Water Hotline, privatelyoperated under contract to EPA. Forgeneral information on drinking water,radon in water, testing and treament,and radon drinking water standards.

1-800-644-6999Radon Fix-It Hotline, privately operatedby the Consumer Federation of AmericaFoundation (CFAF) in partnership withEPA. For general information on how tomitigate your home.

Hotlines

EPA Radon Websitehttp://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/EPA’s main radon page. Includes linksto publications, hotlines, privateproficiency programs and more.

EPA PublicationsSample list of some of thepublications available through theabove sources:

Home Buyer’s and Seller’s Guide to Radon

Consumer’s Guide to Radon Reduction

Radon Guide for Tenants

Application of Radon Reduction Techniques for

Detached Houses

EPA Map of Radon Zones and Fact Sheet

Buying a New Home? How to Protect Your Family

From Radon

Building a New Home, Have You Considered

Radon?

Building Radon Out: A Step-By-Step Guide on How

To Build Radon-Resistant Homes

16

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing OfficeSuperintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328

ISBN 0-16-036222-9

Call your state radon office for additional help with any of your radon questions. Up-to-date information on how to contact your state radon office is also availableon EPA’s website at http://www.epa.gov/iaq/contacts.html, or call EPA’s toll free Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse (IAQ INFO) at (800) 438-4318 to obtainthe current listing.

State Radon Offices (http://www.epa.gov/iaq/contacts.html)

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMaryland (EPA Region 3)MassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouri

Local-Toll334-206-5391907-474-7201602-255-4845501-661-2301916-324-2208303-692-3090860-509-7367302-739-4731202-535-2999850-245-4280404-651-5120808-586-4700208-332-7319217-785-9958317-233-7147515-281-4928785-296-1560502-564-4856225-925-7042207-287-5676215-814-2086413-586-7525517-335-8037651-215-0909601-987-6893573-751-6160

MontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaPuerto RicoRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

Local-Toll406-444-6768402-471-0594775-687-5394 x275603-271-4674609-984-5425505-827-7541518-402-7556919-571-4141701-328-5188614-644-2727405-702-5165503-731-4014 x664717-783-3594787-274-7815401-222-2438803-898-3893605-773-3151615-687-7000512-834-6688801-536-4250802-865-7730804-786-5932360-236-3253304-558-3427608-267-4796307-777-6015

Toll-Free800-582-1866800-478-8324

800-482-5400800-745-7236800-846-3986

800-464-4357

800-543-8279800-745-0037

800-445-8647800-325-1245800-272-9723800-383-5992800-693-5343

800-256-2494800-232-0842800-438-2472 x2086800-RADON95800-723-6642800-798-9050800-626-7739800-669-7236

Toll-Free800-546-0483800-334-9491

800-852-3345 x4674800-648-0394

800-458-1158 x27556

800-252-6325800-523-4439

800-23RADON

800-768-0362800-438-3367800-232-1139800-572-5548800-458-0145800-439-8550800-468-0138

800-922-1255888-569-7236800-458-5847

Surgeon GeneralHealth Advisory

“Indoor radon gas is anational health problem.

Radon causes thousands ofdeaths each year. Millions ofhomes have elevated radon

levels. Homes should be testedfor radon. When elevatedlevels are confirmed, the

problem should be corrected.”

National Academy of SciencesReport on Radon

In February 1998, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)released its report on radon and lung cancer, The Health Effectsof Exposure to Indoor Radon (the BEIR VI report). The NAS is anindependent, non-governmental, scientific organization. TheNAS estimates that radon causes between 15,000 and 22,000lung cancer deaths each year in the United States and that12 percent of all lung cancer deaths are linked to radon. TheBEIR VI Committee (Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation)concluded that after smoking, radon is the second leadingcause of death due to lung cancer in the United States.