a choice for china zh - cdn.globalwitness.org · 31 maung aye 32 2005 4 khin nyunt 40 (mi) 20 100...

Global Witness 2005 10

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a 1989 "Burma" "Myanmar" Global Witness "Burma" "Myanmar"

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c 2004 10 2 (CITES) 13 2005

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2001 9 (FLEG) 1

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7.2

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7.3

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7.4.1

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5 26

7.5

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6 28

8 28-36

7 28

8.1

29-30

8.2 30-31

8.3 32-34

8.3.1 33-34

8.4 34-36

35

8.4.1 36

GLOBAL WITNESS 37-729 37-49

9.1 39-42

9.1.1 39

9.1.2 40

9.1.3 41

9.1.4 42

9.2 43-46

9.2.1 43-44

9.2.2 44

9.2.3 44

9.2.4 44-45

9.2.5 45-46

9.2.6 Tze Tze 46

9.3 47-49

9.3.1 47-48

9.3.2 48

9.3.3 Ban Li 48

9.3.4 49

9.3.5 Car Zan 49

9.3.6 49

9.3.7 49

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10.1 50-51

10.2 51-52

10.3 53-54

9 54

10.4 55-69

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10.4.2 KIO 57-58

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10.4.3 NDA(K) 60

10.4.4 KIO NDA(K) 61-62

10.4.4.1 61-62

10.4.4.2 NDA(K)

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10.4.6 N’Mai Hku 66-67

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A Conflict of Interests

73-88

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1984 4 1996 1998

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© Tom Kramer

GLOBAL WITNESS / 9 -

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GLOBAL WITNESS

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Forest Trends publications: F. Kahrl & S. Yufang, Forest Trends: "Navigating The Border: An Analysis of the China-Myanmar Timber Trade" 2004 "An Overview of the Market Chain for China's Timber Product Imports from Myanmar" 2005


38

2004 Global Witness

7.3 - 21-23

140 141, 143, 144, 151

9.1.3 41 9.1.4 42 40

Laiza Sagaing

141 , 144, 145, 152

Chipwe Pangwah 2004

2004


39

9.1

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308,300 7562002 876,865

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2004 4 11 Global Witness

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9.1.1

N'Mai Hku (10.4.6 N'Mai Hku

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2004

(60%) 145 (40%) 144 Global Witness

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27 28 Bihpu

N'Mai Hku 2002

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2004

v GDP


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9.1.2

147

2004

Global Witness 2004

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2000 2003 3 7

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2004 7 150

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41

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2004 11 50-100

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42

9.1.4

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144 2004 440

158 2002-2003 100 12

2001-02

2004

Ting Ying Myitkyina The Solid Rock 2004


43

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240

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9.2.1

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Teng Chin 1000 Global Witness

151

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161

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Tze Tze /2001 100

144 2001 2002

2004 Global Witness

Global Witness

2004


45

61-62 2004 163 2001 Global Witness

9.2.5

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5 Global Witness

2004

303.6 50

6 20 2.4164

2000 100,000 70,000 80,000

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2001 Global Witness 70 2004 80 90

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2004

2004


46

Tze Tze 2004

9.2.6 Tze Tze

Tze Tze

10-15 Tze Tze

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30 100 166, 167, 168

Tze Tze Global Witness

Tze Tze

TzeTze 169, 170

2004


9.3

KIO SPDC/Tatmadaw

Bhamo Lashio

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2002 259,503 2001

9.3.1

24

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Global Witness 2001

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2004 12

36

2005

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600300

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Nong Dao 151 2005

Nong Dao 5

100 100

175

2005 5 200

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9.3.2

1998

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9.3.3 Ban Li

Ban Li

Ban Li 2004 Global Witness

2005 Global Witness

Npaba KIA/O

KIA/O Nongdao

- Ban Li2004 2004 Global

Witness 151

Npaba KIA Ban Li 2005

48


49

9.3.4

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2004

Laozhaiza Hong Bom He2001

2004

92, 178

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9.3.6

2003 75

2004 Global Witness

50 70 151

9.3.7

20

17 18 19 22 Pajau Bum

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2004

2004

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10

100

2004

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94

2004

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184

50

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

CPB CPB KIA/O

CPB KIO 1968KIA CPB

1976 KIO (NDF)

1968 Ting Ying Kambaiti KIA/O KIA/O

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2001 Myitkyina

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12 18744

188

51

w 2004 10 24 SPDC Complete Explanation

KIA 2005

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

52

SLORC/SPDC 1989

SLORC/SPDC65%

189

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River 1059

SLORC/SPDC 2005

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KIO Chin Shwehaw 190

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KIO SPDC

SPDC KIO268

x Nakatha Maung Aye 2005 1 11 Khin Nyunt Nasaka Nakatha 5

" 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

53

10.3

1994 KIO BrangSeng KIA/O KIA/O NDA(K) KDA

4 KIO SPDC Lasang Aung Wa

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KIA/O SPDC

194

N' Mai Hku 195 Global Witness

NBan La KIO KIO

196 N'Ban La LauLu 10.4.4.1 61-62

2004 1 26 Lazing Bawk

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197

2004 9 Lamung Tujai KIO Lasang Aung Wa NDA(K) 192

Pangwah NDA(K) Myitkyina (KNCA) y

KIO 198, 199, 200

2004 12 10 Ting Ying NDA(K)

KIA/O KIO KIO

Ting Ying 201, 202

NDA(K)/KIA/O 202

2005 3 KIO Gunhtang GamShawng NBan La KIA

Lasang Aung Wa Ting YingKIO 191 Ting Ying

Lasang Aungwa 3 Myitkyina (KSC)

KIO (KNCA) Tatmadaw24

KSC Lasang Aung Wa NDA(K)

SPDC

NDA(K) Zakhung Ting Ying 2004 10 1

y KNCA KIO NDA(K) KDA

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

54

(Democratic KarenBuddhist Army) (KNU)

KIO 2004 2005

13 .

thanatkha

SPDC

CITES SPDC

SPDC

9

2004 5 SPDC

2004 6 9 13

SPDC

Myitkyina 2004 KIO Tu Jai KNCA Sumlut Naw NDA(K) Zakhung Ting YingKIA Nban La Lasang Aung Wa

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4

240

2004

KIA/O 203

KIO SPDC SPDC 268

SPDC SLORC 80

SPDC SPDC SPDC

SPDC --

-- KIA/O SPDC 204

205

2002 6 KIO

KIO

KIO/A

KIA Tatmadaw

55

Pangwah NDA(K) 2004

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

56

10.4.1

KIO SPDC 268

KIA Nban La

Shwegu Mohnyin Bhamo Momaung Sinbo SPDC Kaukwe River

207 Paulang StateLiberation Party/Army

Muse SPDC KIO

207

Tatmadaw

SPDC KIO

KIO SPDC SPDC Loije KIO SPDC 208

SPDC NDA(K)

KIO

209 NDA(K) z

"10.4.4.1 "61-62 N'Mai Hku ("10.4.6 N'Mai Hku

66-67210, 211

SPDC 205 KIO

KIO 194 KIA/O NDA(K)

SPDC KIA NDA(K)

Mongko aa, 211

212

India

CHINAYUNNAN

PROVINCE

Mal

i Hka

N’M

ai H

ka

Irra

wad

dy

Salw

een

(Nuj

iang

)

KACHINSTATE

掸邦

SAGAINGDIVISION

Myitkyina

Pajau

Sumprabum

Hpakant Pangwah

ChipweLiuku

Fugong

Gongshan

Bhamo

Namkhan

缅甸

Yingjiang

Tengchong

说明 KIA/O 控制区 NDA(K) 控制区 SPDC 控制区

0

0 50 英里

50 公里

3/5 SPDC

206 KIO NDA(K)

Kambaiti-Hoquiou NDA(K) SPDCLoije-Layin SPDC

Mai Ja Yang-Zhangfeng KIO SPDC

KIO KIO

N'Jangyang N'Mai Hka Mali Hka Hkrang Hka

KIA/O 269

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

57

10.4.2 KIO

211

2004

(Department of General Affairs) KIO

(Economic Department) Hkum Naw KIA NBan La Gau Ri Zau Seng KIO

KIO

MTE (Forest Department) KIO

Hukawng Valley 268

KIO SPDC SPDC

10.4.5 SPDC63-65

SPDC (Office for Administration)Myitkyina

Maung Maung Shwe bb

KIO SPDC

KIO Global Witness

SPDC 2003 11 KIO Laiza

Bhamo Jadeland 50

SPDC KIO 268

KIO KIO

KIO

213

2005 KIO Global WitnessMali

Dabak Myitkyina-Bhamo 268 KIO

207

N'Mai Hku KIO Huaxin 15

( 10.4.6 N Mai Hku66-67)

KIO SPDC

KIO

KIO KIO

KIO

300 217 140, 219

KIO 2005

bb Maung Maung Swe Ohn Myint Ohn Myint

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

58

1 KIO M3 2003 208

Hpun Kya 30 4 250/350/400 30/42/48Layang 80 10 800-900 95-107

8 x 4” 800 95 7500/8500/9000 893/1011/10714 x 1” 660 79 5000/6000/7000 595/714/833

Sabya Don 550 65 4000-4500 476/563Dawn Htung Zee 400 48 3000-3500 537-417

Laiza 2004 KIO Laiza

SPDC 208

140

207

2002 6 1 KIO 222

KIO A Conflict of Interests 99-100

218

219

KIO 220

KIO

221

20,000 2,380 ) 30,000 3,571

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

59

KIO

Mali Dabak

KIO Ara La KIO

Jinxin Dabak Jinxin

Mali Dabak 268

215, 216

10

1997 KIO Mali Creek Dabak River

8 20051 KIO SPDC Electric Power

Cooperation Kachin

Jinxin

SPDC SPDC Dabak

Global WitnessN'Mai Hku 66-

67 KIO 214

SPDC

KIO SPDC

268

Mali 2004 11

Mali 2004 11

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

60

10.4.3 NDA(K)

240

2004

NDA(K) 1994 Pangwah

223

NDA(K) 9.1.2

40 2004 Leshin Bridge

Leshin Bridge NDA(K) Pangwah 163

NDA(K) KIO/A

10 50-69

NDA(K) (Financial Department) 224

NDA(K)

KIO NDA(K) 15

NDA(K)

NDA(K)

NDA(K)

2003 5 11 NDA(K) (NDA(K) Central Council of Peace andNational Unity) (Central Economic Commission)

NDA(K)

225

NDA(K) NDA(K)

NDA(K) 225 Global Witness

NDA(K) 2004 6

KIA/O NDA(K) NDA(K)

226

NDA(K) 227

NDA(K)

228, 229 NDA(K) 229 NDA(K)

A Conflict ofInterests 100-101

2 NDA(K) / 225

> 5-10 595, 000-1,190,000

2-3 + m3 238, 000-

357, 000m3

30% NDA(K),70%

NDA(K) NDA(K) 2004

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

10.4.4 KIO NDA(K)

NDA(K)

N'Mai Hku NDA(K) KIO

Global Witness

10.4.4.1

230

Pan Kachin Development Society 2003

2003 KIO KIO N'Mai Hka Mali Hka

2003 KIONDA(K) SPDC

200,000 207

Jadeland 2004 100,000 m3

45,000 m3 Jadeland 55,000 m3

Jinxin / 231

KIO NDA(K)

NDA(K) SPDC Magramyang Jubilee

Myitkyina Chipwe 52 Jinxin 1200

1,430,000 KIO 207 SPDC

Jinxin

T 3 2004 M3 207

1,600 190150 18

Magramyang 100-200 12-24Guyong 380 45

50 6KIO 560 67NDAK 100 12SPDC 15,000 17

61

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

62

207 Jubilee 30

N'Mai Hka Chipwe Myitkyin 120 Laukhaung

Wun Chun NDA(K) 2004 Wun

Chung Layeng WunAra La

2004-05 9 450 100

Chipwe KIA/O 40

KIA N'Gum La 232

Myitsone N'Mai Hka Mali Hka

Myitsone 3,100 233 30 5,000 8,000

18,000 234

10.4.4.2 NDA(K) KIO

NDA(K) KION'Mai Hka

N'Mai Hku 2004 3 NDA(K)

KIO NDA(K)227 KIA

NDA(K) KIO

235

NDA(K) La Wa Zawng Hkawng

La Wa Zawng Hkawng KIO Buga 161

NDA(K) 236, 237, 238

N'Mai Hku 239

SPDC cc

cc 1993 1 SLORC NLD 1995 SPDC 2004 NLD SPDC

Chipwe 2004 3

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

63

10.4.5 SPDC

240

2004

2004 SPDC

Method 1KIO

SPDC Myitkyina KIO

SPDC

KIO

KIOKIO

SPDC 268

Method 1

MI Tatmadaw 268

Myitkyina SPDC 20,000 22

20,000 22 100,000

111

268

SPDC

205, 241, 242 SPDC

SPDC Tatmadaw

NATALA dd140, 220

Method 1 2005

dd (Ministry of Border Areas)

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

64

2003 Manwin

5506,100 Manwin Myitkyina Waingmaw

140 Manwin

ee

Waingmaw 230

Sinlum Tatmadaw 243

Hkawan Bang Sinlum 437 243

Bhamo MI 243 SPDC Tatmadaw

243

TatmadawSPDC

SPDC KIO SPDC

Tatmadaw

4 2003-2004 KAMBAITI

ff gg 207, 230

Manwin SPDC 40,000 44Manwin 30,000 33Sailaw Tatmadaw 15,000 17Ura Yang NDAK 5000 6Thayar Kone NDAK 15,000 17Kambaiti NDA(K) 100,000 111Kambaiti Tatmadaw 100,000 111

305,000 339

ee

ff

gg

Bala Min Htin Myitkayina Irrawaddy SPDC 2004

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

65

hh

230

140

Tatmadaw

Tatmadaw

TatmadawDabak

SPDC 207

Tatmadaw2003 11 10

6 4

244

NATALA Loije Muse NalonMaunghwe

Khin Nyunt 207 SPDC

2001 2002 SPDC Pang Wa

ii,243

245

238

Myitkyina SPDC Hopin Mohnyin Myitkyina 2004 8

Maung Maung Swe

hh

ii

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

66

10.4.6 The N’Mai Hku246

N'Mai Hku 2004

N'Mai Hku 247

N'Mai Hku N'Mai Hku 16 49 248

KIO KIO N'Mai Hku

NDA(K) 248

20 90 KIO182

KIO 1997 8 6 Khin Nyunt 249

2002 268

Huaxin KIO 15 N'Mai Hku HuaxinGroup Co. Ltd

205 Huaxin

205

N'Mai Hku 2004

INDIA

CHINAYUNNAN PROVINCE

Mal

i Hka

N’M

ai H

ka

Irra

wad

dy

Sal w

een

掸邦

SAGAINGDIVISION

Myitkyina

Pajau

Putao

Sumprabum

Pangwah

Liuku

Fugong

Gongshan

1

23

45

Bhamo

缅甸克钦邦

说明 Hkakabo Razi 国家公园 N’Mai Hku 项目

0

0 50 英里

50 公里

1 BP28 (E’ga Path)2 BP30 Yaping Path (2001 年开放)3 BP31 Yaping Path (2001 年开放)4 BP34 (Danzhu Path)5 Gongshan-Dulongjiang road (2000 年开放 )

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

KIO SPDC N'Mai Hku

10 Heng Huat 268, 250KIO

250

E'ga -

2001 229

KIA/O KIA/O NDA(K) Lasang Aung Wa 10.3

53-54N'Mai Hku

NDA(K) 35

KIA/O NDA(K)

N'Mai HkuKIA/O

NDA(K)

2004 5 34 Myitkyina

KIO NDA(K)

5 25 6 21

N'Mai Hku

KIO

KIO

KIA

KIO

7

NDA(K) KIO

NDA(K) KIA/O NDA(K)

2005 7 KIA/O NDA(K) 251

N'Mai Hku A Conflict of Interests 104-108

67

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

68

10.4.7

Buga Jadeland WunRawtSPDC

Buga 1994 KIA/O La Wa

Zaung Hkawng Myitkyina

SPDC 252 2002 Buga

KIO La Wa Zaung Hkawng LaWa Zaung Hkawng

La Wa Zaung Hkawng NDA(K) KIO

Buga

KIOLa Ja

KIA 253

Wun RawtKIA

2002-03 Buga Wun Rawt KIO

254

Wun Rawt

Sut Masa

Sut Masa KIO

Wun Rawt

Wun Rawt Buga Sut Masa KIO KIA

KIO KIA

KIO NBan La 10.353-54

Wun Rawt KIO KIO

Wun Rawt

LaizaJubilee

N'Mai Hku KIO 2004

KIA Wun Rawt Laizam3

700 83 900 104 m3

100 12

2004 KIA Wun Rawt Laiza Wun

Rawt Wun Chung N'Mai Hka Chipwe

Layeng Wun Lau Ying Aw TawngMai Lau Lu NBan La

Jadeland KIO Yup Zau

Hkawng Jadeland 2002-03

(10.4.4.1 The Southern Triangle 61-62

Hpawlamhpya Jadeland N'Mai HkaJubilee m3

380 45 27 28 N'Mai

Hku

Jadeland KIO Myitkyina-Sumprabum-PutaoMyitkyina-Waingmaw-Bhamo KIO

255

Sut Masa Jadeland

Jinxin Jadeland

Jinxin

N'Ban La Jinxin 163

GLOBAL WITNESS / 10

69

Log trucks at KIO camp, Kachin State

7 Jadeland Myitkyina

GLOBAL WITNESS / 11

70

11

256

Bao You Xiang 2004

2 Salween

257 BaoYou Xiang / (UWSA/P)

400,000 64, 258 UWSA/P 16,000

20,000

UWSA/P CPB 1989SLORC

259

2004 UWSA/P

100

UWSA/P Pangsan

Global WitnessMuse 98

UWSA/P UWSP

100 1000

257 UWSA 261

261

Kenglom Kunhing-Takaw

Salween

Asia World6.4

18-19 UWSA 418 Ta Hsarm

265

Muse 205

SPDC Global Witness Pangsan

Meng'a Mengliang260

UWSP 261

UWSP Global Witness

261

261

261

UWSP

SPDC 2005 6 SPDC

Min Aung, Hlaing

Central DragonAsia World UWSA/P Hongpang 262

Chiang Mai Mongton/Monghsat/Mongpiang

262

Nawngkheo Mong-ngenMongkhark Mongnoong Pangsan

120 Kentung Pangsan

" 262

2004 SPDC 257

263UWSA/P SPDC

2004 10 Khin Nyunt 315 264, 265

UWSA

(ATS) 64UWSP

7 ATS 64

UWSP 2005 6 26257 2004

(UNODC) 18 64

2003 1

64

2005 1 Wei Hsueh-kang UWSA

1985 Wei

UWSA UWSA

266, 267

GLOBAL WITNESS / 11

71

UWSA Pangsan UWSA 2004

GLOBAL WITNESS / 12

72

12

jj

SPC

KIA/O

268

2005 9 5

269

SPDC

SPDC

jj (SPDC) (NLD)

13

......"270

Chao-Tzang Yanwnghwe 2001 12

1,463 271

5000 100 65%

272

100

1947 2 Panglong

273

274 1947 AFPFL

kk

275

276

275

1948 1 1952

20 50

20 60

/ 13 I

2004

73

/ 13 I

74

(Tatmadaw)

1962 3 2 Ne Win

BSPP

ll 30 10

20 1968 20

20 80

CPB 45

Tatmadaw 40 50 USDA Than Shwe 1200 SPDC

1988 7 Ne Win

1988 9Ne Win

SLORC1988 1

275

SLORC

1989 SLORC

NLD1990 5

Aung SanSuu Kyi 1989 7

1995 SLORC

1992 4

12

(NCGUB)

1993 1 SLORC

1995 275 1997 SLORC (SPDC) (ASEAN)

2000 Aung San Suu Kyi 2002 5 Aung

San Suu Kyi Depayin (USDA)mm

Aung San Suu Kyi 1200

277 nn

Aung San Suu Kyi

/ 13 I

75

Khin Nyunt

Than Shwe Maung Aye Khin Nyunt Than Shwe

282

Khin Nyunt Than Shwe

Than Shwe

Maung Aye ThanShwe 283

284

Maung Aye 285278

278

11

278

David I Steinberg 2001

SPDC

Tatmadaw

Union of MyanmarEconomic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) Tatmadaw 279

Tatmadaw 400,000 280

72,000 4,500 281

100 1

286

/ 13 I

76

13.1

286

SPDC Complete explanation on the developments in the country

2004 10 24

2005

SPDC SPDC

2003 8

954

SPDC

U Win AungTin Hlaing Khin Nyunt

Khin Nyunt SPDC

Aung San Suu Kyi

13.1.1

287 2004 6

2003 8 30 Khin Nyunt SPDC

1996 288 1990

NDA(K) Chipwe 2004

2003 12 15

10

SPDC

2004 4

2004 4 16

SPDC 1996 2004 5 17

1088 1076 28

5 14

289 Paulo SergioPinheiro

290 SPDC

104 1993

1996

291 " "7 9

2005 2 13 oo

6 6

3 5 SPDC Thein Sein

292, 293

2005 2 17 2004

/ 13 I

77

KIO

/ 13 I

78

3 31 2005 11

294

SPDC Khin Nyunt

1996 SSNA

SSA(S)191

295

SPDC 2003 11

San Pwint Mae Sot

SPDC

SPDC 55 296

2004 1 5 Khin Nyunt

Bo Mya SPDC

297

SPDC 10

16 SPDC 298

2005 3 Mutu SPDC

50 56 299

13.1.2

2003 7 28 H.R 2330

SPDC SPDC

2003 8 28 20042005 5

2 2003 10 2005

15 138

2004 4 26 27 12

2004

2004 10

300

2005 4 25 301

2004 ASEM

3 2004 10

10

2006 2005 7 26

302

200410 24 Than Shwe

6 Than Shwe 8

Khin Nyunt 25

303

14 II

304

The New Light of Myanmar 2003 5

Indo-Burma

8.2 30-31

7,000 1,071 1,347 96

841 305

(AAC)

SPDC

1970 15% 306

2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004

6

2003-2004 150m3 RWE

2,428,000 m3 RWE 60%

2005 1

5 MTE DZGD qq

rr ss

/ 14 II

79

qq DZGD rr MTE DZGD ss

Tectona grandis308 60%

75% 309

310

311

2004 4 Living Colour 5

17

4 34,000

40 323,000 15 18 2,800

30 25% 2000

312

313

314

315

/ 14 II

80

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

年份

年允许砍伐量

最低非法出口量

ITTO 公布的生产量官方公布的生产量

圆木等量体积（单位：百万立方米）

6 M RWE pp, 307

1. SLORC/SDPC 2.

pp (USDA) ITTO (EIU) MCSOITTO EIU MCSO

14.1

316

David I Steinberg 2000 3

● 2003-04 SPDC 15%

3.77

● 2004-05 SPDC

15% 4.2781 317

● A Conflict of Interests20%

220 m3 RWE

●

● 2003 130 m3

60%Global Witness

●

7 19-28

/

400,000 318 Tatmadaw

319

2003 12 Than Shwe

2004 3 31

286

SPDC 'Complete explanation onthe developments in the countryKhin Nyunt 2004

9 30 Than Shwe

Global Witness Khin Nyunt

2 Khin Nyunt 13 286

/ 14 II

12

SPDC

----

2004-05 SPDC 4.3

15%

SPDC

Than Shwe Pyin Oo Lwin Kandawgyi 2004

81

/ 14 II

82

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

年份

其它木材产品

薄板和胶合板

原木和锯切木

出口收入 (1

0 亿缅元, 名义值) )

8 wwMCSO /EIU

tt Global Witness (MCSO) (EIU)

uu

vv

MCSO " " " " " "" " EIU MCSO 1992-93

1997-98 " "ww 1998-99 2003-04

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

年份

占出口收入的

百分比

7 tt, uu, vv, 323, 324, 327

/ 14 II

83

Union of Myanmar Economic HoldingsLimited (UMEHL) Myanmar EconomicCorporation (MEC)

UMEHL 1990

SPDC

320

A Conflict of Interests28

2004 11 SPDC 321

1998 189,000

1.03% 327

4700 1% 322

2001 2.8 11%309 2003 2004

15% 324 3.77 7 320

Laiza 2004

Pangwah NDA(K)

2005 6 2004-053

2.5 325

2004-05 4.2781 15%

326

85%12% 3% 327

8

/ 14 II

84

xx

yy 10,000 m3 RWEzz 1 2003

8 2 aaa

200320022001200019991998199719961995

1.4

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0.8

0.6

0.4

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圆木当量体积（百万立方米）

9 xx, yy, 328

14.2

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

200320022001200019991998199719961995

中国大陆泰国印度巴基斯坦新加坡欧盟中国台湾香港马来西亚韩国其它

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进口值（百万立方米）

10 yy,, zz, xx

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aaa

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0.0

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0.3

0.4

0.5

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0.7 2001-022000-011999-001998-991997-981996-971995-96

中国大陆泰国印度巴基斯坦新加坡欧盟中国台湾马来西亚日本其它

进口国家/地区

木材量（百万立方米）

11MCSO

329

14.3

0.0

100

300

200

400

500

600

700

8002001-022000-011999-001998-991997-981996-971995-96

中国大陆泰国印度巴基斯坦新加坡欧盟中国台湾马来西亚日本其它

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86

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Thein Aung 2004

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87

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官方出口最低非法出口量：

- 其它木材

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- 原木

等值圆木（百万立方米）

13 SLORC/SPDC M3 RWE ddd, xxx

1.2. SLORC/SDPC 3.

ddd USDA MCSO MCSO

14.4

330

SPDC Complete explanation on the developments in the country

2004 10 24

Global Witness

331

eee, fff

13

2003-2004 220 m3 RWE

2.5 2003-04 130 m3 RWE

3 ggg

2000-01 50 m3

RWE 14

2003 130 m3 RWE

2003-04 50 m3

7.3 - 21-23

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88

MCSO MTE

2003 4.7 1 1.4 m3 1 1.8m3

出口进口

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0.2

0.4

0.6

1.2

1.0

0.8

1.8

1.6

1.4

2.0

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1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04

圆木等量体积（百万立方米）

中国

印度

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中国香港

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巴基斯坦

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15 III (FLEG)

FLEG 2001 9 20 150

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2001 9 11 13

----

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COM (2003) 251 Final 2003 5 21

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COM (2003) 251 Final 2003 5 21

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●

" "

2.

G8

G8

3.

Stiglitz 1998

● 335

●

G8

● G8

4.

COM (2003) 251 Final 2003 5 21

(IFM)

G8

Global Witness

Global Witness Global Witness

17 GLOBAL WITNESS http://www.globalwitness.org

“A Guide to Independent Forest Monitoring”2005 7

“Paying for Protection. The Freeport mine and the Indonesian security forces.”2005 7

“Under-Mining Peace: Tin – the Explosive Trade in Cassiterite in Eastern DRC.”2005 6

“Timber, Taylor, Soldier, Spy. How Liberia’s uncontrolled resourceexploitation, Charles Taylor’s manipulation and the re-recruitment of ex-combatants are threatening regional peace.”2005 6

“A Time for Justice. Why the International Community, UN Security Counciland Nigeria should help facilitate Charles Taylor’s immediate extradition tothe Special Court of Sierra Leone.”2005 6

“Forest Law Enforcement in Cameroon. 3rd Summary Report of theIndependent Observer. July 2003–February 2005”2005 4

“Making it add up. A Constructive Critique of the EITI Reporting Guidelinesand Source Book”2005 1

“Dangerous Liaisons. The continued relationship between Liberia’s naturalresource industries, arms trafficking and regional insecurity”2004 12

“Taking a Cut. Institutionalised Corruption and Illegal Logging in Cambodia’sAural Wildlife Sanctuary”2004 11

“The Key to Kimberley: Internal Diamond Controls, Seven Case Studies”2004 10 Partnership Africa Canada

“Rich Man Poor Man Development Diamonds and Poverty Diamonds. Thepotential for change in the artisanal alluvial diamond fields of Africa”2004 10 Partnership Africa Canada

“Déjà vu Diamond Industry Still Failing to Deliver on Promises”2004 10

“Rush and Ruin. The Devastating Mineral Trade in Southern Katanga, DRC”2004 9

“Resource - Curse or Cure? Reforming Liberia’s government and loggingindustry”2004 9

“Same Old Story – A background study on natural resources in theDemocratic Republic of Congo”2004 6

“Liberia – Back To The Future What is the future of Liberia’s forests and itseffects on regional peace?”2004 5

“Broken Vows Exposing the “Loupe” Holes in the Diamond Industry’s Effortsto Prevent the Trade in Conflict Diamonds”2004 3

“Time for Transparency Coming clean on oil, mining and gas revenues”2004 3

“For a Few Dollars More – How al Qaeda Moved into the Diamond Trade”2003 4

“The Usual Suspects – Liberia’s Weapons and Mercenaries in Côte d’Ivoireand Sierra Leone – Why it’s Still Possible, How it Works and How to Break theTrend”2003 3

“Logging Off – How the Liberian Timber Industry Fuels Liberia’sHumanitarian Disaster and Threatens Sierra Leone”2002 9

“Deforestation without limits – How the Cambodian Government Failed toTackle the Untouchables”2002 7

“All the Presidents’ Men – The Devastating Story of Oil and Banking inAngola’s Privatised War”2002 3

“Branching Out – Zimbabwe’s Resource Colonialism in Democratic Republicof Congo”2002 1

“Can Controls Work? – A Review of the Angolan Diamond Control System”2001 12

“Taylor-made – The Pivotal Role of Liberia’s Forests and Flag of Conveniencein Regional Conflict”2001 9

“The Credibility Gap – and the Need to Bridge It – Increasing the pace offorestry reform”2001 5

“Review of the Sierra Leone Diamond Certification System and Proposalsand Recommendations for the Kimberley Process for a Fully IntegratedCertification System (FICS)”2001 4

“Conflict Diamonds – Possibilities for the Identification, Certification andControl of Diamonds”2000 6

“Chainsaws Speak Louder Than Words”2000 5

“Timber Takeaway – Japanese Over-consumption – the Forgotten Campaign”2000 3

“The Untouchables – Forest Crimes and the Concessionaires – Can CambodiaAfford to Keep Them?”1999 12

“A Crude Awakening – The Role of the Oil and Banking Industries in Angola’sCivil War and the Plundering of State Assets”1999 12

“Made in Vietnam – Cut in Cambodia How the Garden Furniture Trade isDestroying Rainforests”1999 4

“Crackdown or Pause – A Chance for Forestry Reform in Cambodia?”1999 1

“A Rough Trade – The Role of Companies and Governments in the AngolanConflict”1998 12

“Going Places – Cambodia’s Future on the Move”1998 3

“Just Deserts for Cambodia – Deforestation & the Co-Prime Ministers’Legacy to the Country”1997 6

“A Tug of War – the Struggle to Protect Cambodia’s Forests”1997 3

“Cambodia, Where Money Grows on Trees – Continuing Abuses ofCambodia’s Forest Policy”1996 10

“RGC Forest Policy & Practice – the Case for Positive Conditionality”1996 5

“Corruption, War & Forest Policy – the Unsustainable Exploitation ofCambodia’s Forests”1996 1

“Thai-Khmer Rouge Links & the Illegal Trade in Cambodia’s Timber”1995 7

“Forests, Famine & War – the Key to Cambodia’s Future”1995 5

17 GLOBAL WITNESS

95

18

96

54 "UN agency starts new feedingcampaign to address HIV/AIDS inMyanmar" 2004 3 19 http://www.blia.org/english/UNNGO/news2004/20040319b.htm55 The national AIDS Programme,"Myitkeena township HIV sero-prevalencetrend (1992-2002)" 2004 56 Shan Herald Agency for News, "AIDS inShan State a Crisis" 2004 11 15 57 Bulletin of Experimental Treatments forAIDS, "The Global Epidemic: HIV/AIDS inAsia and the Pacific" 2002 /www.sfaf.org/treatment/beta/b51/b51_asia.html+kachin+aids+hiv&hl=en58 /

HIV "Population Movement and HIV/AIDS - thecase of Ruili, Yunnan, China." 2003 59

2004 4 8 60 Council of Foreign Relations, Garrett, L.,"HIV and National Security : Where are theLinks?" 2005 7 18 http://www.cfr.org/pdf/HIV_National_Security.pdf61 Kachin Women's Association Thailand,"Driven Away: Trafficking of Kachin womenon the China-Burma border" 2005

http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/gold%20pdf1.pdf62 The Flower News weekly2005 2 2-8 63 Wa Alternative Development ProjectUNDCP 64 The Economist, "One last harvest-A banon opium will leave millions of farmerswithout livelihoods"2005 2 10 http://www.economist.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Story_ID=365284265

2004 5 20 66

1999 67

1999 4 6-9 68

1999 4 6-9 69 Lintner B., "Drugs and economic growthin Burma today". In: Pedersen M. et al.(eds.) "Burma-Myanmar: strong regime,weak state?" Hurst & Co., London 2000 70 Davis A. and Hawke B. "Business isblooming. Is Myanmar Asia's first narco-state? Compelling evidence points to thatdubious distinction", Asiaweek;1997 1 23 71 Global Witness KIO

2004 72 500

2004 6 22 73 http://english.people.com.cn/english/200006/06/eng20000606_42385.html 74 Agence France Presse, "China saysdeforestation still a major environmentalproblem" 2005 1 8 http://www.terradaily.com/2005/050118102656.tgm9j244.html75 Washington Post, "China's globalizingeconomy ravages Burma's forests" 2001

3 26 76 CIA World Factbook2005 3 www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/77 GLOBAL TIMBER. ORG. UK.www.globaltimber.org.uk/china.htm 78 GLOBAL TIMBER. ORG. UK.www.globaltimber.org.uk/ChinaIllegalImpExp.htm79 The Jakarta Post, "RI, China fail to agreeon fighting illegal logging"2005 4 26

80 "The timberfootprint of the G8 and China - Making thecase for green procurement bygovernment" 2002 6 81

Detroit Free Press China'stimber use ravages forests2005 3 7 http://www.freep.com/money/business/timber7e_20050307.htm82 Global Witness

2005 3 83 2001 9 13 84"Minister Bernard Bot presents outcome ofdiscussions on Burma"2004 9 3 http://www.eu2004.nl/default.asp?CMS_ITEM=7E3E7F0BB7F84C04A8A3EF476A176DA1X1X73538X5285 "CouncilCommon Position 2004/730/CFSP ofOctober 2004"http://europa.eu.int/eur-ex/pri/en/oj/dat/2004/l_323/l_32320041026en00170022.pdf86 The Voice weekly Journal2005 1 17 87 World Trade Atlas

88 2004 10 25

89 Global Witness 2005 5

90 CITES, Annotation of the Himalayan YewTaxus wallichiana in Appendix II, Ref. CoP13 Prop. 47 2004 10 91 "Cancer-fighting tree getsprotection" 2004 10 12 ,http://www.enn.com/today.html?id=11892 Global Witness

2004 93 CITES 2004 6 3 94 Global Witness

(2) 2004 95 29 2003

http://en.beijing-2008.org/98/15/article211621598.shtml96 Global Witness KIO

2004 3 97 World Trade Atlas98

2004 12 29 99 Project Maje, "Ashes and tears:interviews with refugees from Burma onGuam" 2001 www.projectmaje.org/txt/guam_rep.txt100 Global Witness

2004 101

2001 7 26 102 1999

www.worldbank.org.cn/Chinese/content/247n1214549.shtml1031998 8 17 104 Heimo C. R., "Removing natural forestfrom timber production: a new challenge forthe development of forest industries inChina"

2000 5 15-17 105 Êg

1999 8 18 106

1999 8 17 107

2004 7 23 108

2005 5 25 109http://www.adb.org/Documents/Event/2005/GMS-Environment-Ministers-Meeting/default.asp110

2005 7 5

18

1http://www.forest-treasure.com/measure/; 20042 Than Shwe

4/93 1993 10 1

3 Howell, K. K., "Stroll through a Chinesepainting", California Academy of Sciences

www.calacademy.org/calwild/winter2001/china2.html4 Xu Chenwen, "The choice beyond cross-border trade"

1993 5http://english.people.com.cn/200403/22/eng20040322_138147.shtml 6

2005 5 24 http://english.people.com.cn/200505/24/eng20050524_186590.html7 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/default.htm 8

2004 10 2 9 New Light Myanmar, "Myanmar andChina ink US$290 million deal in trade andMoU" 2005 7 8 10 Asian Tribunehttp://www.asiantribune.com/show_news.php?id=6202 11 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar's newhard line PM to make first foreign trip toChina" 2004 10 30 12 Houston Chronicle e-Edition, "Chinashows its clout at regional trade summit"2004 11 29 13

2005 4 29 14

2005 5 24 http://english.people.com.cn/200505/24/eng20050524_186590.html15 7 Day News Journal2005 6 9 16 The Kachin Post, "Yunnan OfficialsVisited Myitkyina" 2004 4 14 17

2005 5 24 18 2005 2 16 19 "Burma/Myanmar:How strong is the military regime?" 2000 20 The Nation, "Drama in Rangoon: KhinNyunt ousted" 2004 10 20 21 The Irrawaddy, 'Coup Attempt MightHave Prompted Purge' 2004 11

http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4110&z=2422 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar'shardliner crackdown also a cash grab:analysts and opposition"2004 10 22 http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=1530&ncid=731&e=5&u=/afp/20041022/wl_asia_afp/myanmar_corruption23 CNN, "Myanmar scraps ex-PM's spyagency"; 22 October 200424 Agence France Presse, as reported by theDemocratic Voice of Burma, "The trials ofBurmese MI agents begin in Rangoon";January 2005, from:http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=395225 Agence France Presse, "Two Myanmarministers 'permitted to retire'"2005 11 5 26 Shanland News, "Khin Nyunt still towersin Panghsang"www.shanland.org/Political/News_2005/Khin_Nyunt_still_towers_in_Panghsang.htm27 The Irrawaddy, "New PM already on theMove" 10 21 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4079&z=24

28 Democratic Voice of Burma, "Ethniccease-fire groups warned to sever links withBurma MIS" 2004 10 27 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=332329 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar juntatells diplomats no policy shift withleadership change" 2004 10 22

Burma Issues Weekly No. 203

http://www.burmaissues.org/En/BIWeekly/BIWeekly2004-10-28-203.php#intelligence30

2004 11 1 31 Associated Press, "Junta Dismisses CoupRumors But Hints at Cabinet Shuffle"2005 1 29 32 Democratic Voice of Burma, "SPDC GenMaung Aye saying farewell?" 2005 2

27 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=414033 The Irrawaddy, "Long Prison Terms forKhin Nyunt's Associates"2005 5 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4576&z=934 Agence France Presse, "Trial opensinside Myanmar prison for ex-premier Khin Nyunt"; 12 July 2005, from:http://206.190.35.122/s/afp/20050712/wl_asia_afp/myanmarpoliticsjustice/nc:73135 Agence France Presse, "Trial opensinside Myanmar prison for ex-premier KhinNyunt" 2005 7 12 http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GG12Ae01.html36 Agence France Presse, "FormerMyanmar PM gets 44-year suspendedsentence" 2005 7 22 http://206.190.35.122/s/afp/20050722/wl_afp/myanmarpoliticsjustice/nc:73137 2004 7 12 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/2749/t143049.htm38 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/default.htm39

2004 6 28 40 The New York Times, "Across Asia,Beijing's star is in ascendance" 2004 8 28 41

2004 7 12 42 The Irrawaddy, "China Too"2005 2 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4239&z=1243 The Road Map of Myanmar2003 8 30 44 Global Witness

(1) 2004 45 Fink C., "Living silence: Burma undermilitary rule", Zed Books, London 2001 46 Global Witness

2005 47 "Myanmar: themilitary regime's view of the world", AsiaReport No.28 2001 www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/asia/burma_myanmar/reports/A400505_07122001-1.pdf48 Far Eastern Economic Review, "Chinaholds the Indochina key" 2002 6 6 49 Pedersen et al. (eds.), "Burma-Myanmar:strong regime, weak state?", Hurst & Co,London 2000 50 Asia Pacific Media Serviceshttp://www.asiapacificms.com/articles/myanmar_influence/51 Global Witness

2001 52 "HIV/AIDS as asecurity issue", Issues Report2001 6 19 53 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar HIVpatients turn to meditation, herbs"2005 5 7

111 2005 5 27

http://www.adb.org/projects/gms-biodiversity/112 New Scientist, "Forests Plundered"2003 10 25 113 Conservation International,"Biodiversity hotspots" 2004 http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots114 WWF, "Northern Triangle temperateforests" 2001http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html115 WWF and IUCN (Lwin)1995 http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html116 WWF and IUCN (Blower) 1995 http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0402_full.html117 " NorthernForest Complex Project in Myanmarhttp://savingwildplaces.com/swp-home/swp-protectedareas/239687118 Stuteville G., "Saving Tigers", NationalGeographichttp://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0404/feature5/online_extra.html119 Irrawaddy, "The greening of adictatorship" 2004 11 12 120 Global Witness

2004 9121 Pan Kachin Development Society

2002-04 122

2004 3 19123 The New Light of Myanmar [on lineedition], "Secretary-2 Lt-Gen Thein Seinattends cash and kind donation ceremonyfor flood-hit townships in Kachin State Stateplaces emphasis on maintenance,preservation of forests to ensure balancedclimate" 2004 7 26 124 The Myanmar Times, "Havoc as riverlevels hit 30 year highs"2004 8 23-29 125 The Myanmar Times, "AyeyarwaddyRiver waters reach highest record levels" 2004 8 2-8 126 Global Witness

2005 3 127 The Democratic Voice of Burma,"Kachin youth arrested in upper Burma forreporting floods" 2004 7 31

http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=2817128 Global Witness 2004 129 Associated Press, "Myanmargovernment warns citizens as major riverscontinue to rise" 2004 7 30 130 Democratic Voice of Burma, "Kachinyouth arrested in upper Burma for reportingfloods" 2004 7 31 http://english.dvb.no/news.php?id=2817131 Global Witness

2004 132 WFP Emergency Report No.32 of2004http://www.sahims.net/doclibrary/Sahims_Documents/WFP%20Emergency%20Report%20No.%2032%20of%202004_2.pdf 133 Global Witness

INGO 2005 134 Global Witness 2004 11 135 Global Witness 136 2004 6 13 http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2747/2749/t143132.htm137 Pan Kachin Development Society

2003 138 The New York Times, "Across Asia,Beijing's star is in ascendance"2004 8 28 139 2005 http://www.gulintimber.com/gsjj1.htm 140 Pan Kachin Development Society

2003

141 Karhl F., Weyerhauser H., Yufang Su,Forest Trends, "An Overview of the MarketChain for China's Timber Product Importsfrom Myanmar" 2005 3 21 142 Centre for Biodiversity and IndigenousKnowledge (CBIK), "Nujiang" 2004 10 26 http://www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/where_work/nujiang.htm143 Kahrl, F. et al. "Navigating the border:An analysis of the China-Myanmar Timbertrade", Forest Trends, Washington D.C.2004 144 Global Witness

2001 145 2002 12 16 english.tobaccochina.com/news.asp?id=3788146 Global Witness 2004 147 Global Witness


2004149 Global Witness

2004 150 Global Witness 2004 11 151 Global Witness 2004 152 Global Witness

KIO 153 Global Witness


2004 155 Global Witness KIO





2004 160 2005 http://www.wood168.net/selldetail.asp?this=12984161http://www.tstion.com/eindex.htm#162 Global Witness

(1) 2004 163 Global Witness 2004 11 164 Global Witness

(2) 2004 165 Global Witness






2004 171 Newsweek, "A Reckless Harvest" 2003 1 172

2005 1 20 173 Global Witness


2004 175 Global Witness NongDao 2005 6 176 Irrawaddy, "Chinese Military TrucksArrive" 2005 5 26 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4666&z=153177 Global Witness


2004 179 Global Witness Car Zan

2004

180 Global Witness Car Zan2004

181 Moncreif J. and Htun Myat, "The waron Kachin forests", Irrawaddy Magazine, 9(8) 2001 182 Global Witness

2001/2002 183 Rabinowitz A., "Beyond the lastvillage", Aurum Press, London 2002 184 Irrawaddy, "Kachin cease-fire: killingthe KIO softly", KIO 10(2) 2002 2 3 185 Global Witness

2003 7 186 Matthews B., "Ethnic and religiousdiversity: Myanmar's unfolding nemesis",Visiting Researchers Series No. 3, Instituteof Southeast Asian Studies 2001 187 Global Witness

2004 188 Ashley South, "Political Transition inMyanmar: A New Model forDemocratisation", Contemporary SoutheastAsia, ISEAS, National Uni. Singapore,Vol. 26,No. 2 2004 8 189 Curtis w. Lambrecht, "Destruction andviolation: Burma's border developmentpolicies", Watershed 1999 11 190 Shanland News, "Rangoon sharesborder tax with ceasefire groups" 2005

2 3 www.shanland.org/General/2005/Rangoon_shares_border_tax_with_ceasefire_groups.htm191 Global Witness

2005 7 192 Mizzima News, "KIO factions likely toreunite" 2004 9 29 193 Global Witness KIO


2004 195 Global Witness 2004 196 Global Witness

2004 197 The Irrawaddy, "Business interests maybe behind KIA assassination"2004 3 5 198 Kachin Post, Weekly Digest - 25September 2004 11 http://www.kachinpost.com/digest.html; 199 Global Witness

2004 10 200

2004 9 201 The Irrawaddy, "KIO Accused of BombAttack on NDA-K Leader" 2004 12 24 202 2005 7 203 KIO-SPDC 1994 204 Global Witness


2001 206 Dean K., "Tackling the territorial trap:Kachin divided by the Sino-Burmeseboundary", PhD Thesis, National Universityof Singapore 2003 207 Global Witness KIO


2003 209 Mizzima News, "KIA Arrests Five SPDCSoldiers" 2004 5 13 http://www.mizzima.com/archives/news-in-2004/news-in-may/13-may04-12.htm210 Global Witness 2001 211 Global Witness




Myitkyina 2002 215 Global Witness

2002

216 Global Witness KIO2001

217 Global Witness2003

218 Global Witness Yunseng




2002 222 KIO

2002 7 1 223 Smith M., "Paradise Lost? Thesuppression of environmental rights andfreedom of expression in Burma",Article 19,London 1994 224 Pan Kachin Development Society





2001 229 Global Witness 2001 230 Pan Kachin Development SocietyPangwah 2003 231 Global Witness Jadeland

2004 232 Global Witness 2004 233 SPDC 2004 4 www.myanmarembassyparis.com/NB1/Energy%20in%202004/APRILnews%20energy.html234 Rivers Watch East and Southeast Asia,

http://www.rwesa.org/burma_dam_yakimoto.html235 Global Witness


2005 237 2003






2001-2002 243 Pan Kachin Development Society



2004 246 Khawng Langphu Township N'Mai HkuRegion Joint Commission's Report2004 6 247 California Academy of Sciences, "BioticSurvey of the Gaoligong Shan"http//www.research.calacademy.org/yunnan248 Global Witness KIO

2002 249 NDA(K)-KCA-KIO "Khawng Langphu Township N'Mai HkuRegion Joint Commission's Report"2004 6 19 250 Global Witness KIO

2001 251 2005 8 252 Global Witness 2001 253 Global Witness


2005 7

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18

98

255 Global Witness KIO 2005

256 Earth Island Institute, "China sends outfor Burmese logs"2004 9 22 257 Global Witness

2004 258 Irrawaddy, "UWSA Claims WantedDrugs Suspects are Innocent"2005 1 28 http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=4340&z=153259 Global Witness


2000 261 Global Witness 2001 262 S.H.A.N News, "New Commanderwants new deal" 2005 7 4 263 Global Witness

2 2004 264 Shanland News, "Wa lauded bypopulace" 2005 http://www.shanland.org/Political/News_2005/Wa_lauded_by_populace.htm265 Shan Herald Agency for News, "Wafreighters ply the Salween"2005 1 31 266 Global Witness


2005 1 268 KIO 2005 1 269 2005 9 5 270 Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe, "Burma andnational reconciliation: ethnic conflict andstate-society dysfunction", Legal Issues onBurma Journal No.10 2001 271 CIA World Factbook 2002 272 Matthews B., "Ethnic and religiousdiversity: Myanmar's unfolding nemesis",Visiting Researchers Series No.3, Institute ofSoutheast Asian Studies 2001 273 Panglong 5 www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/panglong_agreement.htm274 Panglong 7 www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/panglong_agreement.htm275 Smith M., "Burma (Myanmar): The timefor change", Minority Rights GroupInternational 2002 276 Smith M., "Ethnic groups in Burma",Anti-Slavery International, London 1994 277 "Partial Listof Political Prisoners in Burma" 2005 8 8 http://www.aappb.net/278 Steinberg D. I., "Burma: the State ofMyanmar", Georgetown University Press2001 279 Irrawaddy, " Tatmadaw: the enemywithin", 8 (3) 2000 3 280 "Myanmar: thefuture of the armed forces" 2002 281 Callahan M., "Junta dreams ornightmares? Observations of Burma'smilitary since 1988", Bulletin of ConcernedAsian Scholars 31: 3 1999 282 Callahan M., "Cracks in the edifice:military-society relations in Burma since1988". In: Morten Peterson and EmilyRudland (eds.) Burma: Strong Regime/WeakState, Crawford House, Adelaide 2000 283 Asiaweek, "Who rules on the ground?The power of Myanmar's areacommanders" 1999 9 3 284 Rajah A., "Burma: Protracted conflict,governance and non-traditional securityissues", Institute of Defence and StrategicStudies, Working Paper 14, Singapore2001 285 Steinberg D. I., "Strategic rivalries:notes on the conference", presented at theConference on Strategic Rivalries on the Bayof Bengal: The Burma/Myanmar Nexus,Cosmos Club, Washington, D.C. 2001 2 1 www.georgetown.edu/sfs/programs/asia/publications/conferences/cr_strategic_rivalries.htm

286 SPDC "Complete Explanationon the Developments in the country",General Thura Shwe Mann and Lt. GeneralSoe Win 2004 10 24 287 Global Witness

2004 6 288 Global News Wire, "Burmese Juntawon't set timetable for democracy" 2003 9 9 289 Ashley South, "Political Transition inMyanmar: A New Model forDemocratisation", Contemporary SoutheastAsia, ISEAS, National University, Singapore,Vol. 26, No. 2 2004 8 290 "Asia Pacific UN Official Says BurmeseConstitutional Talks a Failure"2005 6 1 28http://quickstart.clari.net/voa/art/hp/91D2CEBF-A774-45F6-BA82E7D260F2CF51.html291 Irrawaddy, "No regime response yet toceasefire groups' demands"2005 2 25 http://www.burmanet.org/bnn_today.shtml292 Global Witness

2005 3 16 293 Agence France Presse, "Ten Shanactivists arrested in Myanmar for conspiracy:minister" 2005 3 15 294 "Myanmar haltsconstitution talks, blames weather"2005 3 31 295 "Myanmar Shan rebels joinforces against Junta"2005 5 22 http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-05-22T065403Z_01_N22169753_RTRIDST_0_INTERNATIONAL-MYANMAR-REBELS-DC.XML296 Irrawaddy 2003 12 4 297 Irrawaddy, "Chronology of meetingsbetween the Karen National Union &Burma's military government" 2004 3 298 Associated Press, "Karen rebels returnfrom Yangon after peace talks cut short byMyanmar prime minister's removal" 2004 10 21 299 "Rebel in Myanmarpromises a long war"2005 3 1 http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/02/28/news/myanmar.html300

2004 10 11 www.eu2004.nl301 "TheEU's Relations with Burma/Myanmar"2005 5 http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/myanmar/intro/302 Agence France Presse, "MyanmarGives Up 2006 ASEAN Chairmanship"2005 7 26 303 BBC News "Burma leader inrare India talks" 2004 10 25 304 The New Light of Myanmar,(Perspectives), "To make collective effortsfor keeping environs green"2003 5 29 305 "Forestry inMyanmar" 2000 6 306 Brunner J., Talbot K. and Elkin C.,"Logging Burma's frontier forests: resourcesand the regime", World ResourcesInstitute 1998 307 ITTOhttp://www.itto.or.jp/live/PageDisplayHandler?pageId=199308 Seminar paper presented by TEAKNETat the Third Regional Seminar on Teak2000 309 2001-2002

2002 8 5 310 "Forestry inMyanmar" 2000 6

311 FAO/Ministry of Forestry, Asia-PacificForestry Sector Outlook Study: CountryReport - Union of Myanmar: Working PaperNo: APFSOS/WP/08 1997 312 Agence France Presse, "Myanmar plansvast new plantations, especially for teak"2005 4 25 313 The Flower News 2005 6 8-14 314 EarthRights International, "More of thesame: forced labour continues in Burma"2001 www.earthrights.org/pubs/moreofthesame.shtml315 Bryant R. L., "The greening of Burma:political rhetoric or sustainabledevelopment?" Pacific Affairs, 69 (3)1996 316 Steinberg D. I., "The problem ofMyanmar and Myanmar's problems",presented at the Asia Regional Consultationon Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention,Manila 2000 3 16-17 317 Day News Journal 2005 6 2-8 318 Steinberg D. I., "Strategic rivalries:notes on the conference", presented at theConference on Strategic Rivalries on the Bayof Bengal: The Burma/Myanmar Nexus,Cosmos Club, Washington, D.C 2001 2 1 www.georgetown.edu/sfs/programs/asia/publications/conferences/cr_strategic_rivalries.htm319 ILO, Developments concerning thequestion of the observance by theGovernment of Myanmar of the ForcedLabour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), Reportof the High-Level Team 2001 320

2005 1 20 321 Kachin News Group 2004 11

http://www.kachinnews.com/Kachin/Shiga/2004/November/13_11_2004_maisak%20

322http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9124543323 http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/10.htm324 Economist Intelligence Unit CountryProfile - Myanmar 2004-2005325 Flower News quoted in JapanEconomic Newswire, "Myanmar earnsUS$300 mil. from teak exports" 2005 6 1 326 Day News Journal 2005 6 2-8 327www.myanmar.com/Ministry/Forest2004 328 World Trade Atlas Eurostat

329http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s1003.htm330 Complete Explanation on theDevelopments in the country, General ThuraShwe Mann and Lt. General Soe Win; 24October 2004331 Global Witness KIO

2002 332 G8 2005 Prioritiesfor Action On Combating ForestDestruction 2005 1 333 G8 2003 6 5 334 "The TimberFootprint of the G8 and China: making thecase for green procurement bygovernment" 2002 335 Foreign Operations, Export Financing,and Related Programs Appropriations Act2005

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