a book/movie review on george orwell’s 1984 novel

8/18/2019 A book/movie review on George Orwell’s 1984 Novel

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DIZON, KURT ZEUS L.POLSCI 505MA POLITICAL SCI 1MARCH 5, 2016

George Orwe!" 1#$% No&e

I. I'(ro)*+(o' -') S*-r/

1984 is a fctional novel/movie was created by George Orwell which was published in 1949. It

novel portrays a newly ind o! state" a utopian type that displays authoritarian rule by a #big brother$"

dictates a political and economic system o! socialism. %he &ig &rother leads this party with a banner

labeled #I'G(O)$. %he state has this characteristic o! being a socialist authoritarian in a sense that it

dictates the lives o! its citi*en. +ations were e,ually distributed. %he &ig &rother en-oys an intense cult

o! personality. %he state seems omnipresent to the lives o! its citi*en. (pecifcally" it carries out mass

surveillance which monitors to the public or to its citi*ens.

inston" the protagonist o! the movie" wors in the inistry o! %ruth as a corrector" revising

records and alters photography" to ad-ust the records to the party0s version o! history and deleting

re!erences to unwanted person to appease the party0s interest. inston as woring in the inistry o!

%ruth was septical and curious about the records. e loos and search about the real truth. e began

to write a -ournal that condemns the government and its leadership. 2pon the movie" inston was star

struc to a woman named 3ulia. %hey soon met in a rally o! eecuting enemies o! the state. inston

and 3ulia !all in love with each other and later mae love which was prohibited by the party. %he party

dictates the lives o! the people and one eample is the prohibition o! choosing a seual partner which

the party sees it as an impurity. %hey do it in a room that was managed by anti,ue shop owner named

Obrien" which they also believe the owner is also opposing the government. Obrien gave inston a

boo which has another hidden boo entitled #%he %heory and 5ractice o! Oligarchical )ollectivism by

6mmanuel Goldstein$. %he boo was a counter to the current party/government. %he boo eplains the

meaning o! its slogans and how the government can be overthrown. hile doing their thing" they were

caught by the police and Obrien reveals himsel! as an agent o! the inistry o! 7ove. inistry o! 7ove

deals with law and order" handles punishment and propaganda. O&rien interrogates and tortures

inston with electroshoc. Obrien persist inston can cure himsel! o! insanity because o! his hatred

!or the 5arty. Obrien impose to inston that :;< is true" a way to reshape inston0s belie!s. =!terthen" inston was sent to +oom1>1" a room which in propaganda in the screens portrays the worst

possible torture scenarios. =s fnal treatment and re?education to the order" Obrien would challenge

inston0s loyalty to 3ulia through a torture using rats inside a cage that would destruct inston0s !ace.

inston shouts @Ao it to 3uliaB@ as a wire cage holding hungry rats is ftted onto his !ace" thus betraying

her. inston was then returned to outside world. e later meets 3ulia in a ca!C while alone playing

chess. (he admits that she was also tortured" and each reveals betraying the other. 3ulia leaves

inston in the )a!e" that he was troubled by memories. %hough he was cured and not deviant to

society" he lastly said in the flm #I love you$ which probably mean that he was not purely cured.

II. Ree&-'+e -') Sg'+-'+e

%he relevance or signifcance o! Orwells wor in our contemporary 1st century society canalso be compared on why study political science. =ccording to ector Ae 7eon" studying political

science basically would oDer nowledge and understanding the government. %he 1984 'ovel is an

eample o! cases that would narrate such series and actions o! man or groups that would happen in a

certain type o! government and society. 7ooing at the situation o! the flm" we can give comparative

assumption to our current society. hat are similarities and diDerences that our society has and the

flm portrays. Ao we also eperience this situations" the conEicts" the problems hasF e can approach

the 1984 flm/novel in a comparative manner.



7ooing the diDerent types o! government" how each would operate" what interest and !orces

are behind particular policies" what results o! such policies are liely to be it is on us the citi*ens who

nows the answers to be applied in our society. 2sing the !unction o! 5olitical (cience" the flm as an

instrument can be used to discover the principles that should be adhered to in public aDairs and to

study its operations o! government in order to demonstrate what is good" to critici*e what is bad or

ineHcient" and to suggest improvements Ae 7eon" >11J. 2sing the 1984 flm as a thesis" the flm

would actually portray what i! this type o! society will happen. %he type o! government" the society"and its people would bring an idea to us and compare it to our current situation. 5robably most o! us

would agree that this type o! government is !rightening" depressing and tragic as comparing it to our

current situation.

(ome concepts that were presented in the movie also show similarities in our history. %he

6urasian state can be identical to the states o! (oviet 2nion or also more liely 'orth Korea. Its party

the I'G(O) can be similarly compared to the )ommunist 5arty o! (oviet 2nion and the orer0s 5arty

o! 'orth Korea. =nd importantly" the style o! leadership and rule can be compared to 3oseph (talin and

the Kim dynasty o! 'orth Korea. %he situations in the 1984 flm under a totalitarian rule can be

associated with such states in our history. %he &ig &rother can be a resemblance o! 3oseph (talin and

the head o! states o! 'orth Korean. %he head o! states en-oy a cult o! personality. = cult o! personality

arises when an individual uses mass media" propaganda" or other methods to create an ideali*ed"

heroic" and at times worship!ul image" o!ten through un,uestioning Eattery and praise eller" >>4J.It is similar to divini*ation" ecept that it is established by mass media and propaganda usually by the

state" especially in totalitarian states. 5ersonality cults were frst labelled in relation to totalitarian or

sometimes in authoritarian regimes that sought to change the society according to etreme or radical

ideologies. = single leader became associated with this revolutionary trans!ormation" and came to be

treated as a benevolent @guide@ !or the nation Kries" >1J . (talin can be the best eample that can

be related to the &ig &rother. =side !rom the mustache" the similarities can be point out to (talinism.

(talinism is the means o! governing and related policies implemented by 3oseph (talin. (talinist

policies in the (oviet 2nion includedL state terror" rapid industriali*ation" the theory o! socialism in one

country" a centrali*ed state" collectivi*ation o! agriculture" and cult o! personality &ottomore" 1991J.

Auring his regime" #%he Great 5urge or the Great %error$ happened. It was a campaign o! political

repression in the (oviet 2nion which occurred !rom 19MN to 19M8. It involved a comprehensive purge o!

the )ommunist 5arty and government oHcials" repression o! peasants and the +ed =rmy leadership"

and etensive police surveillance" suspicion o! @saboteurs@" imprisonment" and arbitrary eecutionsiges" >>PJ. %he purge was driven by the desire to eliminate potential enemies o! the state and !rom

the )ommunist 5arty as a threat against (talin and to !use the authority o! 3oseph (talin. %he (oviet

(ecret 5olice or the 'KQA was his arm in en!orcing his campaign. %he 'KQA was nown !or its

in!amous acts in the history o! the (oviet 2nion. Auring (talin0s regime" the 'KQA conducted mass

etra-udicial eecutions" ran the Gulag system o! !orced labor camps and repressed secretive

resistance" and was accountable !or mass deportations and eiles o! entire nationalities to uninhabited

regions o! the country especially in the cold regions o! (iberia. %hey0re also tased with protection o!

(oviet borders and espionage which included political assassinations abroadJ" inEuencing !oreign

governments and en!orcing (talinist policy within communist movements in other countries.

=lthough the novel was written during 1948" it somehow showed accuracy or rather

consistency towards what this type o! society would happen. %he telescreen and with the image o! &ig

&rother can be a resemblance o! (talin0s cult o! personality. (oviet 2nion during (talin" all its

propaganda !ocused only to one man" (talin. e was redeemed as a Generalissimo" the ero o! (oviet

2nion" the ather" the architect o! the government" the leader" and a god. (ame wise with Kim Il?sung"

the !ounder o! the Aemocratic 5eoples +epublic o! Korea. %he propaganda o! his country redeemed

Kim not -ust the #Great 7eader$ but also as #the 5eerless 5atriot" the 6ver?Qictorious Iron?illed &rilliant

)ommander" the (un o! the 'ation" the (un o! anind" the +ed (un o! the Oppressed 5eople$ and

many more &reen" >1J. %he history o! authoritarian leaders" (talin" itler" ussolini" Kim and the

rest" a common practice was that these leaders are worship and venerated -ust lie a god. hat they

say are the sources o! truth" a source that should be obey without ,uestioning it. ith the assumption



o! the totalitarian leaders as the highest !orm o! authority and the source o! truth" it would be an easy

target to control the people. %he frst part o! the flm shows the citi*ens mad at the traitors o! the state

and shows deep admiration and esteem towards the &ig &rother and the party. %he 'KQA during the

Great 5urge can be related to the omnipresent control o! the I'G(O) government. %he presence o! the

telescreen" a mass surveillance and telescreens only one broadcast and that cannot be turned oD

shows the total control o! the state towards to its citi*en. %he 'KQA and the telescreens symboli*e

etermination o! violating privacy rights" limitation o! civil liberties and political rights and !reedoms. Itillustrates that the people was control merely as machines and their human nature was dissolving. Ret

there would always be deviant in the society" in the case o! the flm was 3ulia and inston. &oth have a

diDerent thought dissimilar to the public. %hey were labelled as impure" as criminals and as threat to

the society. %hey were later on persecuted by the inistry o! 7ove. 3ulia and inston can be branded

as resistance to the order" which can be compared to 7eon %rotsy" who was a rival o! (talin and also

(talin0s political enemies such as 2ranians who oppose his regime. e can also cite ao0s target to

the intellectuals during the Great 7eap orward or the )ultural +evolution in which he persecuted those

who are deemed deviant because o! their opposing belie!s and views. &ecause they are diDerent

specifcally their views are deviant to the society" it was a reason !or them to be persecuted. %hey are

unclean and should be indoctrinated in order to be cured and return to the society. 3ust lie Aeng

Siaopeng" he was purged twice during the )ultural +evolution because o! his opposition and deviant

approach towards the economic system but was later on returned in the notion o! ao that he learned

his lessons or he was cured. &ut in the end in ao0s death" Siaopeng pursues his own interest. In themovie" we can compare Siaopeng to inston in the !act that both suDer !rom the authorities" and later

return to the society. &oth showed signs that they are not !ully recovered by their past sentiments.

owever in the case o! inston" the end was not detailed. e was either troubled by the past or i! ever

regain the !ree thought continued his cause !or resistance.

(o what is the signifcance o! the novel especially to us 1st century individualsF ainly it is !or

us to understand the systemL this specifc system pointed in the novel an authoritarian socialistJ"

comparing it with the diDerent types o! system and how it was it implicated to the lives o! the people.

e must remember what nowledge is. Knowledge can be diDerent !rom fction and probably

nowledge is mostly !acts. Ret we must also remember we can gain nowledge through lessons.

7essons can be gain at fction. %he 1984 fction that was written during 1948 somehow produced

storylines o! the )old ar (ituation especially in the )ommunist or rather #=uthoritarian$ states. hat

happened and the compositions in the flm/novel and in the )old ar maes it worth studying. In thefeld o! political science" we have this idealism" interest and will as students and practitioners o! the art

and science o! politics and governance to endorse change" provide solutions towards problems o! the

society" contribute development and lead public service. e have these approaches which are

#historical approach$ and scope such as #political theory$ that are essential towards imposing our

idealism" interest and will. e have this lessons in history e.g the )old arJ and theories such as the

novel o! George Orwell that will be our basis !or the prais. 7ooing to the novel and history" one can

try to mae a better world !or the !uture by understanding the events or the theories/ideas that !ormed

the present. e avoid the errors and mistaes mentioned in such theories/stories and o! the past. =nd

also we can shape our success through looing theories and the triumphs" developments and the

victories o! the past.

III. Ter" ' (e No&e3

-. 2425

%his phrase was used by O0brien the agent o! the inistry o! 7oveJ during the interrogation o!

inston. %he phrase represents !alse doctrine that one may be re,uired or !orced to believe in. It is

-utaposed with the epression @:;4@" which is the obvious answer and the actual answer but

politically inappropriate. %his can be an epression that can be used by authorities in imposing their

wills and interest towards the people or citi*enry. It may be in a sense o! imposing an ideology that is

contradictory to the present o! common norms. = propaganda tool that may control the people to



believe that :;< is true" those imposing the belie! is the right source o! truth and authority" and

they shall be obeyed because they hold the means o! inEuence and power. or an eample" the 'a*i

belie! o! racial supremacy that the =ryan race are superior to people o! other racial bacgrounds and

that there!ore they should politically" economically and socially rule non?white people. It becomes a

:;< situation in the sense that presently it is ridicules now to impose it due to the common norm o!

liberalism and racial e,uality" and importantly it has no scientifc evidence that the =ryan race is

superior. 6ach race has diDerent characteristics that some are caused by nature or some may serve apurpose. or an eample" blac people have dar sin because o! their origins which was located near

hot" directed sun light. =s a hypothesis" 6volution o! dar sin pigmentation began around 1. million

years ago in light?sinned early hominid species a!ter they moved !rom the e,uatorial rain!orest to the

sunny savannas 'ina" >>4J. :;4 is a !actual truth yet also can be a hypothesis. It can be true

however we may still ,uestion it in terms o! why two plus two is e,ual to !our. In the case during the

time o! the itler" the case was diDerent. %hey have an ideology that perhaps be ,uestioned and

critici*e today. owever those who are under this ideology must and !orced to believe it. =lso in history

the belie! o! the divine rights o! ings or monarchs can be a case. %he !alse assumption o! the divine

rights o! Kings is a means to remain them in power. It is !alse today yet be!ore people thin it was

right. &ut during the period o! enlightenment" it was condemned and later on changed. rom an

absolute monarch" some transit to a constitutional monarch or even some have totally changed their

system. It is imposed by such states that you should believe that :;< is right and imposing

individuals to leave their rationality and reason. %his phrase push that common sense or thiningshould be eradicated and replace with total obedience and belie!. %he :;4 is tool !or propaganda

and brainwash to control the people towards the interest and will o! such authority.

. 7g 7ro(er

=lready mention in my previous statements" the &ig &rother resemblance a totalitarian fgure

ruling in a state. e may remember the %Q show &ig &rother in one o! the %Q station where a voice o!

#&ig &rother$ would dictate the housemates about their duties and also action inside the ouse. In the

%Q show" through his voice" he is the source o! authority which is also similar with the &ig &rother o!

the 1984 flm. e may be compared to such totalitarian leaders especially 3oseph (talin due to the

state veneration towards him as a supreme one. In the flm we can see his image all over the place

especially in the telescreen. )riminals or traitors con!ess their mistaes or #sins$ to the society

specifcally to &ig &rother which was publicly broadcast. %hey as !orgiveness and praise the &ig&rother !or their redeeming salvation. %hey later own encourage to viewers in support their &ig

&rother.

=lready mentioned" a cult o! personality eists. a eber distinguished three ideal types o!

legitimate political leadership" domination and authority which areL traditional authority patriarchs"

patrimonalism" !eudalismJT charismatic authority character" heroism" leadership" religiousJT and legal

authority modern law and state" bureaucracyJ eber" 19P8J. %he cult o! personality holds parallels

with what eber defned as @charismatic authority@. It means that #en do not obey him &ig &rotherJ

by virtue o! tradition or statute" but because they believe in him.@ %hus the actual power or capabilities

o! the leader are irrelevant" as long as the !ollowers believe that such power eists. aters" >1<J.

%he people are unaware i! the actual power eists" they even did not now i! &ig &rother even eists.

%he flm did not show any depictions o! his voice or any flm about him" only his picture was seen. Aue

to the propaganda" the people believe he was true and the source o! truth and authority. =nd only a!ew is septical towards this type o! attitude" their !anaticism towards &ig &rother. =nd i! so" only a !ew

o! the !ew would challenge this attitude o! ignorance and obedience. In the flm" they are labelled

unclean and criminals deviant to their society. e have this attitude that can be compared to

historical events o! our world. (uch eamples would be 2((+ in the reign o! (talin" )hina in ao and

'orth Korea during the Kim or #3uche$ Aynasty that has been mentioned.

+. Do*e('8



Aoublethin is the act o! ordinary people simultaneously accepting two mutually contradictory

belie!s as correct" o!ten in distinct social contets c=rthur" 199J. It may consider as a fgure o!

speech" a parado statement. 5arado is a statement that apparently contradicts itsel!. Aoublethin

was used as a means o! propaganda. It was used to control and manipulate the people through the

alteration o! everyday thought. =s a tool !or propaganda and a constructed in a parado !orm" it

contains many words that create assumed associations between contradictory meanings. e may

remember the 5arty0s sloganL ar is 5eace" reedom is (lavery" and Ignorance is (trength. It imposesthe people to ignore the statements and believe it to be true" both the statements. ar can be

achieved through peace !or eample" or we can have peace!ul situation during war. In the statement

reedom is (lavery depicted in the movie" in my perception that the people are actually !ree under a

totalitarian authority. &eing ignorant as strength portrays that you belong in the society. &eing the

#ignorant proletariat$ portrays a good and obedient citi*en or rather puppet o! the state. &eing

ignorant is a ept their citi*ens loyal to their ideology. Auring the time o! (talin" what supposed to be a

communist state" a government by the proletariat was actually run by a dictatorship. %he promise o! a

dictatorship o! the proletariat common peopleJ was actually run by a dictatorship o! one. I thin it

could be considered as doublethin the state is imposing their propaganda o! a classless society yet

reality class still eist a contradictory reality. Aoublethin also is present in our daily lives. %he

corrupt politicians !or eample especially during this campaign periodL they provided their plat!orms

which was !or the common good and yet later on a!ter winning the position" they would be !acing

charges o! gra!t and corruption. In our situation we could consider #conEict o! interest$ as doublethinin our time.

). Te Teor/ -') Pr-+(+e o9 Og-r++- Coe+(&"

%he boo #%he %heory and 5ractice o! Oligarchical )ollectivism$ by 6mmanuel Goldstein was

given to inston by Obrien. %he boo reveals the true meaning o! the party" its slogans" the &ig

&rother" the wars and how the 5arty can be overthrown through means o! the political awareness o!

the proles. It may not be considered as the truth but rather the boo can be portrayed as #the anti?

thesis$ o! their current situation. Ret due to its opposing statements and criticism to the regime" it may

be seen as a poison to its citi*enry. %he boo purpose I thin is to create !ree thiners" diDerent !rom

the society and to impose radical changes that were critici*ed at the regime.

%he boo basically is a ey !or revolution" an anti?thesis and same time the synthesis. %henovel may have considered 6mmanuel Goldstein to be 7eon %rotsy. 6mmanuel Goldstein was an

enemy o! the I'G(O) party. (ame wise with %rotsy. = !ormer member o! the 5arty inner circle who had

been purged and declared an enemy by the (oviet state he had helped to !ound" and subse,uently a

critic o! its social system in eile. %he term @oligarchical collectivism@ is similar to the theory o!

bureaucratic collectivism put !orth by some %rotsyists in the late 19M>s Aecer" >>9J. %he rivalry o!

&ig &rother and 6mmanuel Goldstein plus their personal ideologies lead to their action and producing

sentiments. %he I'G(O) labelled Goldstein as an enemy o! the state" in return Goldstein produce a

doctrines critici*ing the state and how it can be destroyed. It has similarities with (talin and %rotsy.

&oth were potential candidates to be the net ruler o! the (oviet which (talin won. (ince (talin and

%rotsy have diDerent opinions and interest" both become hostile with each other. (ince (talin has the

greater means o! power" %rotsy was epelled !rom the central committee and eiled. 7ater on

%rotsyism was !ormedT a ma-or school o! arist thought that opposes the theories o! (talinism.

=sides !rom the %rotsy and (talin !eud" the boo as an anti?thesis can be a resemblance o!

such political thoughts and systems throughout our history" such areL %he #Aas Kapital$ o! Karl ar

against the )apitalism in which he prescribes class conscious o! the proletariats as a resistance to its

tyrannical rule" or =dam (mith0s #%heories o! oral (entiments or the ealth o! 'ations$ as a

prescription or an anti?thesis towards mercantilism that the government should not intervene with the

commerce.

e. To*g(+re -') To*g( Po+e



%houghtcrime is the criminal act o! holding unspoen belie!s or doubts that oppose or ,uestion

the ruling party. In the boo" the government attempts to control not only the speech and actions" but

also the thoughts o! its sub-ects +overe" 1984J. %o avoid thoughtcimes is" there is a secret police

called #thought police$ which was under the inistry o! 7ove that acts immediately in purging

dangerous thoughts !rom the mind. (ince their government is a totalitarian type" it attempts to control

not only the speech and actions" but also the thoughts o! its sub-ects. %hese unwanted thoughts are to

be considered danger to the state. (ome modern publishers have described people who were beingprosecuted and burned at the stae !or heresy in various =brahamic religions" as being victims o!

thoughtcrime laws Greenblatt" >1J. artin 7uther can be one eample o! a being o! thoughtcrime"

although he was not eecuted" he was ecommunicated !or ,uestioning such several practices o! the

)atholic )hurch. e proposed an academic discussion o! the power and use!ulness o! indulgences in

his 'inety?ive %heses o! 1<1P. is re!usal to retract all o! his writings at the demand o! 5ope 7eo S in

1<> and the oly +oman 6mperor )harles Q at the Aiet o! orms in 1<1 resulted in his

ecommunication by the 5ope and condemnation as an outlaw by the 6mperor 5lass" 19<9J.

%he thoughtcrime as an eample o! imposing !reewill is also used in cases where people are

prohibited !rom epressing opinions which are incorrect or which others may potentially be oDended

by. %his prohibition may aDect speech" writing" and other !orms o! epression. e can see this !eature

in totalitarian states such as during 'a*i Germany" Imperial 3apan" (oviet 2nion. %he !reedom o!

speech was limited. %he edia ? radios" flms" and newspapers are controlled by the state. =ll sourceso! in!ormation and nowledge all come !rom the state0s regime. =nd i! there are some who defes the

norm could be considered as an enemy o! the state and shall suDer despicable conse,uences by

en!orcements. e see 'a*i Germany had brainwashed its citi*ens through itler0s ein Kamp! and

'a*i racial ideologies. %hose who are unwanted minorities especially the 3ews" political enemies such

as the )ommunist were eliminate by their own thought police the Gestapo. (ame wise during

Imperial 3apan0s Kempeitai or (oviet 2nion0s 'KQA and ao0s +ed Guards that had responsibilities !or

watching enemies or suspicious persons and watching inside o! own unit !or possible de!ectors or

traitors. ao0s +ed Guards specifcally attacs the intellects who oppose ao0s ideology. %houghtcrime

and thought police basically is the opposite o! our daily li!e. It was countered by more human?centered

ideologies o! liberalism" humanism" social liberalism and democracy. %hese ideologies promote

principles o! !reedomL !reedom o! speech" individual liberty" e,uality" and rule o! law.

I:. Pro;-g-')- Te+'<*e"

5ropaganda according to the erriam?ebster dictionary means ideas or statements that are

o!ten !alse or eaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause" a political leader" a

government" etc. (ometimes we are con!used at propaganda and education as diDerent types o!

persuasions. Garth 3owett and Qictoria OAonnell have oDered a !easible meaning o! the wordL

@5ropaganda is the deliberate" systematic attempt to shape perceptions" manipulate cognitions" and

direct behavior to achieve a response that !urthers the desired intent o! the propagandist 3owett U

OAonnell" >>NJ. 5ropaganda shares methods and techni,ues with promotion and public relations that

which can be use o! as propaganda that endorses a commercial product or !orms the perception o! an

organi*ation" person" brand" and state. 5ropaganda was o!ten used to inEuence opinions and belie!s.

%ae religion !or eample" ultraconservative sect o! Islam such as the ahhabi uses the social media to

spread their ideas and to use it !or recruiting mu-ahedeens !or their purpose. &asically theirpropaganda covers intolerance" hatred !or the infdels especially the )hristians" misin!ormation and

insults directed at one or more or all religions. 5ropaganda was commonly used !or political matters.

5ropaganda campaigns specifcally political in contet o!ten !ollow a tactical transmission pattern to

indoctrinate the target group which is through persuasion. In the feld o! social psychology" persuasion

can be done through communication. )ommunication theory states that individuals can be persuaded

by the communicators credibility" epertise" trustworthiness" and attractiveness. It suggests that a

,uantity o! aspects e.g." the degree o! interest o! the recipient o! the communicationJ" inEuence the

degree to which individuals permit such !actors to persuade them (imon" 19NPJ.



5ropaganda has been use as a public in!ormation arm campaigns by governments" which are

intended to encourage or discourage certain !orms o! behavior such as wearing seat belts" not

smoing" not littering and so !orth. It may sound be a as law or rule" which may be legal" a norm"

written or unwritten that may inEuence the behavior and actions o! such. or instances" the way to

achieve a success!ul propaganda is through brainwashing the individual" indoctrination" educating the

people through the principles o! the ruling regime. or the case o! the 1984 novel" telescreen was used

as a means that resulted to obedience" loyalty and praise the leader. %he role o! communication gavepropaganda success!ul. onopoli*ing the source o! media and in!ormation" eliminating counter?

in!ormation and !ree speech" and letting the government as an omnipresent !orce in the household

would lead to a success!ul result o! propaganda. 'a*i Germany !or eample" there was little access to

control media by private individualsT %he %hird +eich totally per!orms the role o! in!ormation and

communication. %he %hird +eich established a inistry o! 5ropaganda" appointing 3oseph Goebbels as

its inister. It was a !oundation !or the 'a*i. It could then widely spread its ideology to its people.

5ropaganda easily spread and was indoctrinated into the people. %he hatred !or 3ews" &olshevis" etc.

was then imposed which was then supported by the public. %hrough propaganda" %he 'a*is cra!ted a

mass cult" similarly worshiping or venerating the uhrer through large organi*ed political military

Vrallies0" or highly organi*ed events with banners and marching bands which we could see in old

German 'ewsreels. %he goal was to appeal to the patriotism o! the German people through etremity

o! -ingoism.

5ropaganda was simply used to impose the authority0s interest whether it is the leader" regime

or the party. (ince to establish authority and gain interest" there will be obstacles o! hindrance !or each

man has diDerent ideas" opinion and interest. %he means to gain the interest is to impose power ?

through what type o! powerF It can be through hard power or !orce" using violent means i! possible. Or

it can also be through utili*ing every resource" using the power o! communication perhaps. Or another

way to gain interest through using the advantage o! having the position then imposing such authority

on designing the education system and its curriculum" designating trusted persons in such position

that holds the media" in!ormation or communication.

5ropaganda basically is used to gain interestT propaganda it is the means through the people

while achieving the interest is the end. or an eample a businessman who sells burgers" his interest

may be to gain customers yet his main interest is to gain proft simply because he is a businessman.

Rou will never operate i! you don0t have the motive to gain proft. %o gain proft he will do anything -ustto sell his burgers. e may do it right through advertisement and wrong also through advertisement.

Interest motivates the business man to sell burger and also interest is a means to survive. 5ropaganda

similarly with advertisement may be right or also be wrong. %he end would decide regarding such

,uestions. 'ot necessary the government but the actors behind the government" the leader or the

party would always act according to their interest. 5ropaganda is a tool !or their interest and !or them

to survive. %o those who hold the power" they will also control propaganda and then gain or impose

their interest. hatever may be their interest" would aDect the order and probably changing it.

7ogr-;/&ottomore" %. &. 1991J. = Aictionary o! arist though. alden" assaschussetts" 2(=T O!ord"

6ngland" 2KT elbourne" Qictoria" =ustraliaT &erlin" GermanyL iley?&lacwell.



&reen" . >1J. Kim 3ong?ilL 'orth Koreas Aear 7eader. (ingaporeL 3ohn iley U (ons (ingapore 5te.

7td.

Ae 7eon" . >11J. %etboo on the 5hilippine )onstitution. anila" 5hilippinesL +6S &oo (tore.

Aecer" 3. . >>9J. George Orwells 1984 and 5olitical Ideology. . In . &loom" George Orwell, Updated

Edition. p. 1MPJ. In!obase 5ublishing.

iges" O. >>PJ. %he hisperersL 5rivate 7i!e in (talins +ussia. 7ondonL 5icadorT +eprint edition.

Greenblatt" (. >1J. +enaissance (el!?ashioningL rom ore to (haespeare. )hicagoL 2niversity O!

)hicago 5ress.

eller" K. >>4J. 5ersonality )ults in (talinism. GWttingenL QU+ unipress.

3owett" G." U OAonnell" Q. >>NJ. 5ropaganda and 5ersuasion". 'ew RorL (age 5ublications.

Kries" (. >1" =pril 1MJ. Stalin and the Cult of Personality. +etrieved !rom istory GuideL 7ectures on

the %wientieth )enturyL httpL//www.historyguide.org/europe/cult.html

c=rthur" %. 199J. %he O!ord )ompanion to the 6nglish 7anguage. O!ordL O!ord 2niversity 5ress.

'ina" 3. >>4J. %he evolution o! human sin and sin color. (an rancisco" )ali!ornia L Aepartment o!

=nthropology" )ali!ornia =cademy o! (ciences".

5lass" 6. 19<9J. hat 7uther (ays. In . +eu" Luther and the Scriptures Qol. M" p. 88J. )olumbus" OhioL

artburg 5ress" 1944.

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(imon" . 19NPJ. otivational and 6motional )ontrols o! )ognition. In Psychological Review, , Qols.

Qol. P4" 'o. 1J. 9?M9.

aters" %. >1<J. 5olitics as Qocation in ebers +ationalism. In . eber" Politics as ocation !"#"#$

pp. 19198.J.

eber" . 19P8J. 6conomy and (ociety 19J" edited by Guenther +oth and )laus ittich . &ereleyL

2niversity o! )ali!ornia 5ress.

a book/movie review on george orwell’s 1984 novel

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