referencesshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 14079 › ... · 8. al-ekabi h....
TRANSCRIPT
206
REFERENCES
1. Abdullah M., Low G.K.C. and Matthews R.W. (1990), ‘Effects of
common inorganic anions on rates of photocatalytic oxidation of
organic carbon over illuminated titanium dioxide’, J. Phys. Chem.,
Vol.94, pp.6820-6825.
2. Abou-Helal M.O. and Seeber W.T. (2002), ‘Preparation of TiO2 thin
films by spray pyrolysis to be used as a photocatalyst’, Appl. Surf.
Sci., Vol.195, pp.53-62.
3. Abrahams J., Davidson R.S. and Morrison C.L. (1985), ‘Optimization
of the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide’, J. Photochem.,
Vol. 29, pp.353-361.
4. Adamson A.N. (1982), ‘Physical chemistry of surfaces’, Wiley,
New York.
5. Agura A., Almansa E., Malato S., Maldonado M.I. and Fernandez A.R.
(1998), ‘Evaluation of photocatalytic degradation of imidaclorprid in
industrial water by GC-MS and LC-MS’, Analysis, Vol.26,
pp.245-251.
6. Ahmed S. and Ollis D.F. (1984), ‘Solar photoassisted catalytic
decomposition of the chlorinated hydrocarbons trichloroethylene and
trichloromethane’, Solar Energ., Vol.32, pp.597-601.
7. Akyol A., Yatmaz H.C. and Bayramoglu M. (2004), ‘Photocatalytic
decolorization of remazol red RR in aqueous ZnO suspensions’, Appl.
Catal. B: Environ., Vol.54, pp.19-24.
8. Al-Ekabi H. and Serpone N. (1988), ‘Kinetic studies in heterogenous
photocatalysis. I. Photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated phenols in
aerated aqueous solutions over TiO2 supported on a glass matrix’,
J. Phys. Chem., Vol.92, pp.5726-5731.
9. Al-Qaradawi S. and Salman S.R. (2002), ‘Photocatalytic degradation
of methyl orange as a model compound’, J. Photochem. Photobiol.
A: Chem., Vol.148, pp.161-168.
207
10. Amalric L., Guillard C. and Pichat P. (1995), ‘The GC-MS identification
of some aliphatic intermediates from the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation
of dimethoxybenzenes in water’, Res. Chem. Intermed., Vol.21,
pp.33-46.
11. Anderson C. and Bard A.J. (1995), ‘An improved photocatalyst of
TiO2/SiO2 prepared by a sol-gel synthesis’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.99,
pp.9882-9885.
12. Anpo M. (2004), ‘Preparation, characterization and reactivities of
highly functional titanium oxide – based photocatalysts able to operate
under UV-visible light irradiation: Approaches in realizing high
efficiency in the use of visible light’, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Vol.77,
pp.1427-1442.
13. Anpo M. and Yamashita H. (1997), ‘Heterogenous catalysis’,
Schiavello M. (Ed.), Wiley, London.
14. Apak R. and Hugul M. (1996), ‘Photooxidation of some mono-, di-
and tri-chlorophenols in aqueous solution by hydrogen peroxide/UV
combinations’, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol.67, pp.221-226.
15. Arun S.T. and Patil K.C. (1996), ‘Synthesis and properties of
nanosized titania’, J. Mat. Syn. Proc., Vol.4, No.3, pp.175-179.
16. Ataev B.M., Bagamadova A.D. and Mamedov V.V. (1996), ‘On
exciton luminescence of ZnO/Al2O3 epitaxial thin films’, Thin Solid
Films, Vol.283, pp.5-7.
17. Bahnemann D.W. (1991a), ‘Mechanisms of organic transformations on
semiconductor particles’, in Pellizzetti E. and Schiavello M. (Eds.),
Photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Netherland, pp.251-276.
18. Bahnemann D.W., Bockelmann D. and Goslich R. (1991b), ‘Mechanistic
studies of water detoxification in illuminated TiO2 suspension’, Solar
Energy Mater., Vol.24, pp.564-583.
19. Bahnemann D.W., Bockelmann D., Goslich R., Hilgendorff M. and
Weichgrebe D. (1993), ‘Photocatalytic detoxification: Novel catalysts
mechanisms and solar application’, in Ollis D.F. and Al-Ekabi H.
(Eds.), Photocatalytic purification and treatment of water and air,
Elsevier Science Publications, pp.301-319.
208
20. Barbeni M., Morello M., Pramauro E., Pelizzetti E., Vincenti M.,
Borgarello E. and Serpone N. (1987), ‘Sunlight photodegradation of
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol on TiO2.
Identification of intermediates and degradation pathway’, Chemosphere,
Vol.16, pp.1165-1179.
21. Baskin L.S., Himes K. and Colborn T. (2001), ‘Hypospadias and
endocrine disruption: Is there a connection?’ Environ. Health Perspect,
Vol.109, pp.1175-1183.
22. Beckbolet M., Lindner M., Weichgrebe D. and Bahnemann D.W. (1996),
‘Photocatalytic detoxification with the thin-film fixed-bed reactor
(TFFBR): Clean-up of highly polluted landfill effluents using a novel
TiO2-photocatalyst’, Solar Energy, Vol.56, pp.455-469.
23. Bedja I. and Kamat P.V. (1995), ‘Capped semiconductor colloids.
Synthesis and photoelectrochemical behaviour of TiO2-capped SnO2
nanocrystallites’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.99, pp.9182-9188.
24. Beydoun D., Amal R., Low G. and McEvoy S. (1998),
‘A preliminary investigation into the synthesis of titania coated
magnetite as a novel photocatalyst’, World Congr. Part. Technol., 3,
Rugby, UK: Institute of Chemical Engineers, pp. 4083-4092.
25. Boer K.W. (1990), ‘Survey of semiconductor physics’, Van
Nostrand R., New York, USA.
26. Braun P.V., Osenar P. and Stup S.I. (1996), ‘Semiconducting
superlattices templated by molecular assemblies’, Nature, Vol.380,
No.6572, pp.325-328.
27. Bulger W.H. and Kupfer D. (1983), ‘Estrogenic action of DDT
analogs’, Am. J. Ind. Med., Vol.4, p.163.
28. Bulger W.H., Muccitelli R.M. and Kupfer D. (1978), ‘Studies on the in
vivo and in vitro estrogenic activities of methoxychlor and its
metabolites. Role of hepatic mono-oxygenase in methoxychloro
activation’, Biochem. Pharmacol., Vol.27, p.2417-2423.
29. Carey J.H., Lawrence J. and Tosine H.M. (1976), ‘Photodechlorination
of PCB’s in the presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspensions’,
Bull. Environ. Contami. Toxicol., Vol.106, pp.697-701.
209
30. Carlsen E., Giwercman A., Keiding N. and Skakkeback N.E. (1992),
‘Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during the past 50 years’,
Br. Med. J., Vol.305, p.609-613.
31. Carraway E.R., Hoffmann A.J. and Hoffmann M.R. (1994),
‘Photocatalytic oxidation of organic acids on quantum-sized
semiconductor colloids’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.28, pp.786-793.
32. Chakrabarti S. and Dutta B.K. (2004), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of
model textile dyes in waste water using ZnO as semiconductor
catalyst’, J. Haz. Mater., B112, pp. 269-278.
33. Chen D. and Ray A.K. (1998), ‘Photodegradation kinetics of
4-nitrophenol in TiO2 suspension’, Wat. Res., Vol.32, pp.3223-4234.
34. Chen L.C. and Chou T.C. (1993), ‘Photobleaching of methyl orange in
titanium dioxide suspended in aqueous solution’, J. Mol. Cat., Vol.85,
pp.201-214.
35. Chen M., Wang X., Yu Y.H., Pei Z.L., Bai X.D., Sun C., Huang R.F.
and Wen L.S. (2000), ‘X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and auger
electron spectroscopy studies of Al-doped ZnO films’, Appl. Surf. Sci.,
Vol.158, pp.134-140.
36. Chen-Yu B.C., Kapusta S. and Hackerman N. (1986), ‘Photogeneration
of hydrogen and sulphur on polypyrrole/ruthenium dioxide modified
silicon powder’, J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol.133, pp.934-939.
37. Cheralathan K.K., Sudarsan Kumar I., Palanichamy M. and
Murugesan V. (2003), ‘Liquid phase alkylation of phenol with
4-hydroxybutan-2-one in the presence of modified zeolite HBEA’,
Appl. Catal. A: Gen., Vol.241, pp.247-260.
38. Choi W., Termin A. and Hoffmann M.R. (1994), ‘The role of metal ion
dopants in quantum-sized TiO2: correlation between photoreactivity
and charge carrier recombination dynamics’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.98,
pp.13669-13679.
39. Colborn T., Dumanoski D. and Myers J.P. (1996), ‘Our stolen future’,
Abacus, London, p.294.
40. Corma A. (1997), ‘From microporous to mesoporous molecular slieve
materials and their use in catalysis’, Chem. Rev., Vol.97,
pp.2373-2420.
210
41. Courbon H., Hermann J.M. and Pichat P. (1981), ‘Photocatalytic
isotopic exchange between cyclopentane and deuterium over a
bifunctional Pt/TiO2 catalyst’, J. Catal., Vol.72, pp.129-138.
42. Crittenden J.C., Zhang Y., Hand D.W., Perram D.L. and Marchand E.G.
(1996), ‘Solar detoxification of fuel-contaminated groundwater using
fixed-bed photocatalysts’, Water Environ. Res., Vol.68, pp.270-278.
43. Cunningham J. and Al-Sayyed G. (1990), ‘Factors influencing
efficiencies of TiO2 sensitised photodegradation part 1. substituted
benzoic acids: discrepancies with dark-adsorption parameters’,
J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., Vol.86, pp.3935-3941.
44. D’Oliveria J.C., Al-Sayyed G. and Pichat P. (1990), ‘Photodegradation
of 2- and 3-chlorophenol in titanium dioxide aqueous suspensions’,
Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.24, pp.990-996.
45. Dillert R., Fornefett I., Siebers U. and Bahnemann D. (1996),
‘Photocatalytic degradation of trinitrotoluene and trinitrobenzene:
Influence of hydrogen peroxide’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,
Vol.94, pp.231-236.
46. Dodds E.C., Goldberg L., Lawson W. and Robinson R. (1938),
‘Estrogenic activity of certain synthetic compounds’, Nature, Vol.141,
pp.247-248.
47. Doherty S., Guillard C. and Pichat P. (1995), ‘Kinetics and products of
the photocatalytic degradation of morpholine (tetrahydro-2H-1,4-
oxazine) in TiO2 aqueous suspensions’, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.,
Vol.91, pp.261-270.
48. Domenech J. and Prieto A. (1986), ‘Photoelectrochemical reduction of
Cu(II) ions in illuminated aqueous suspensions of ZnO’, Electrochim.
Acta, Vol.31, pp.1317-1320.
49. Draper R.B. and Crossby D.G. (1987), ‘Catalysed photodegradation of
the herbicides molinite and thiobencarb’, Zinks R.G. and Cooper W.J.
(Ed.), Photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems, Am. Chem.
Soc., Washington, DC.
50. Driessen M.D., Miller T.M. and Grassian V.H. (1998), ‘Photocatalytic
oxidation of trichloroethylene on zinc oxide: Characterization of
surface-bound and gas-phase products and intermediates with FT-IR
spectroscopy’, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., Vol.131, pp.149-156.
211
51. Evans J.E., Springer K.W. and Zhang J.H. (1994), ‘Femtosecond
studies of interparticle electron transfer in a coupled CdS-TiO2
colloidal system’, J. Chem. Phys., Vol.101, pp.6222-6225.
52. Fernandez A., Lassaletta G., Jimenez V.M., Justo A.,
Gonzalez-Elipe A.R., Hermann J.M., Tahiri H. and Ait-Ichon Y. (1995),
‘Preparation and characterisation of TiO2 photocatalysts supported on
various rigid supports (glass, quartz and stainless steel). Comparative
studies of photocatalytic activity in water purification’, Appl. Catal. B:
Environ., Vol.7, pp.49-63.
53. Fernandez A.R., Aguera A., Contrera M., Penuela G., Ferrer I. and
Barcelo D. (1998), ‘Comparison of various samples handling and
analytical procedures for the monitoring of pesticides and metabolites
in ground water’, J. Chromatogram. A., Vol.823, pp.35-47.
54. Fernandez M.F., Pedraza V. and Olea N. (1998), ‘Estrogens in the
environment: is there a breast cancer connection?’, Cancer J., Vol.11,
p.11.
55. Fischer Ch.-H., Lillie J., Weller H., Katsikas L. and Henglein A.
(1989), ‘Photochemistry of colloidal semiconductors. 29. Fractionation
of CdS sols of small particles by exclusion chromatography’, Ber.
Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., Vol.93, pp.61-64.
56. Fox M.A. and Dulay M.T. (1993), ‘Heterogenous photocatalysis’,
Chem. Rev., Vol.93, pp.341-357.
57. Frank A.J. and Gratzel I.M. (1983), ‘Energy resources through
photochemistry and catalysis’, Academic Press, New York.
58. Freudenhammer H., Bahnemann D., Bousselmi L., Geissen S.U., Ghrabi
A., Saleh F., Si-Salah A., Siemon U. and Vogelpohl V. (1997),
‘Detoxification and recycling of wastewater by solar-catalytic treatment’,
Wat. Sci. Tech., Vol.35, pp.149-156.
59. Fry D.M. (1995), ‘Reproductive effects in birds exposed to pesticides
and industrial chemicals’, Environ. Health Perspect., Vol.103,
pp.165-171.
60. Fu X., Clark L.A, Yang Q. and Anderson M.A. (1996). ‘Enhanced
photocatalytic performance of titania-based binary metal oxides:
TiO2/SiO2 and TiO2/ZrO2’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.30,
pp.647-653.
212
61. Fujishima A., Ootsuhi J., Yamashita and Hayakawa S. (1986),
‘Behaviour of tumor cells on photoexcited semiconductor surface’,
Photomedicine and Photobiology, Vol.8, pp.45-46.
62. Fujishima A., Rao T.N. and Tryk D.A. (2000). ‘Titanium dioxide
photocatalysis’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C: Photochem. Rev., Vol.1,
pp.1-21.
63. Galindo C., Jacques P. and Kalt A. (2000), ‘Photodegradation of the
aminoazobenzene acid orange 52 by three advanced oxidation
processes: UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2 and Vis/TiO2: Comparative mechanistic
and kinetic investigations’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,
Vol.130, pp.35-47.
64. Gerischer H. (1979), ‘Solar photoelectrolysis with semiconductor
electrodes’, Topics in Applied Physics, Vol.31, pp.115-171.
65. Gerischer H. (1993), ‘Photocatalytic purification and treatment of
water and air’, in Ollis D.F. and Al-Ekabi H. (Eds.), Elsevier,
New York, p.1.
66. Gerischer H. and Heller A. (1991), ‘The role of oxygen in
photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles’,
J. Phys. Chem., Vol.95, pp.5261-5267.
67. Gianturco F., Tatti L.V., Rota F., Bruzzi P., Rivas L., Bellobono I.R.,
Bianchi M. and Muntau H. (1996), ‘Pilot-plant photomineralization of
dichloromethane and tetrachloroethene in aqueous solution, by
photocatalytic membranes immobilizing titanium dioxide and
photopromoters’, Chemosphere, Vol.33, pp.1531-1542.
68. Gimenez J., Aguado M.A., Cervera S., Borrell L., Lurco D. and
Wueral M.A. (1994), ‘Solar engineering’, Klett D.E., Hogon R.E. and
Tanaka T. (Eds.), The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
New York.
69. Gopidas K.R., Bohorquez M. and Kamat P.V. (1990), ‘Photophysical
and photochemical aspects of coupled semiconductors: Charge-transfer
processes in colloidal cadmium sulfide-titania and cadmium sulfide-
silver (I) iodide systems’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.94, pp.6435-6440.
70. Graetzel M. (1989), ‘Heterogenous photochemical electron transfer’,
Chapter 3 CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
213
71. Grzechulska J. and Morawski A.W. (2002), ‘Photocatalytic
decomposition of azo-dye acid black 1 in water over modified titanium
dioxide’, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol.36, pp.45-51.
72. Guillard C., Pichat P., Huber G. and Hoang V.C. (1996), ‘The GC-MS
analysis of organic intermediates from the TiO2 photocatalytic treatment
of water contaminated by lindane (1α, 2α, 3α, 4α, 5α,
6β-hexachlorocyclohexane)’, J. Adv. Oxid. Technol., Vol.1, pp.53-60.
73. Guillette L.L.J., Pickford D.B., Crain D.A., Rooney A.A. and
Percival H.F. (1996), ‘Reduction in Penis size and plasma testosterone
concentrations in juvenile alligators living in a contaminated
environment’, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., Vol.101, pp.32-42.
74. Hagfeldt A. and Graetzel M. (1995), ‘Light-induced redox reactions in
nanocrystalline systems’, Chem. Rev., Vol.95, pp.49-68.
75. Handelsman D.J. (2001), ‘Estrogens and falling sperm counts’,
Reprod. Fertil. Develop., Vol.13, pp.317-324.
76. Harbour J.R. and Hair M.L. (1979), ‘Radical intermediates in the
photosynthetic generation of hydrogen peroxide with aqueous zinc
oxide dispersions’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.83, pp.652-656.
77. Hattori A., Yamamoto M., Tada H. and Ito S. (1998), ‘A promoting
effect of NH4F addition the photocatalytic activity of sol-gel TiO2
films’, Chem. Lett., p.707.
78. Henglein A. (1984), ‘Small-particle research: Physicochemical
properties of extremely small colloidal metal and semiconductor
particles’, Chem. Rev., Vol.89, pp.1861-1873.
79. Henglein A. (1987), ‘Q-particles: Size quantization effects in colloidal
semiconductors’, Progress in colloidal Polymer Science, Vol.73,
pp.1-4.
80. Henglein A. (1997), ‘Nanoclusters of semiconductors and metals -
colloidal nanoparticles of semiconductors and metals: Electronic
structure and process’, Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft - Physical
Chemistry, Vol.101, pp.1562-1572.
81. Henglein A., Gutierrez M., Weller H., Fojtik A. and Jirkovsky J.
(1989), ‘Photochemistry of colloid semiconductors. 30. Reactions and
fluorescence of AgI and AgI-Ag2S colloids’, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys.
Chem., Vol.93, pp.593-599.
214
82. Herrman J.-M., Disdier J. and Pichat P. (1984), ‘Effect of chromium
doping on the electrical and catalytic properties of powder titania under
UV and visible illumination’, Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol.108, pp.618-622.
83. Herrmann J.M., Disdier J., Pichat P., Malato S. and Blanco J. (1998),
‘TiO2 based solar photocatalytic detoxification of water containing
organic pollutants. Case studies of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4-D) and of benzofuran’, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol.17, pp.15-23.
84. Herrmann J.M., Matos J., Disdier J., Guillard C., Laine J., Malato S. and
Balanco H. (1999), ‘Solar photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol
using the synergistic effect between titania and activated carbon in
aqueous suspension’, Catal. Today, Vol.54, pp.255-265.
85. Hidaka H., Kubota H., Gratzel M., Pelizzetti E. and Serpone N. (1985),
‘Photodegradation of surfactants. Degradation of sodium
dodecylbenzene sulphonate inaqueous semiconductor dispersions’,
J. Nouv. Chim., Vol.9, pp.67-70.
86. Hidaka H., Kubota H., Gratzel M., Pelizzetti E. and Serpone N. (1986),
‘Photodegradation of surfactants. Degradation of sodium dodecyl
benzene sulphonate catalysed by TiO2 particles’, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.35, pp.219-224.
87. Hidaka H., Nohara K., Zhao J., Serpone N. and Pelizetti E. (1992a),
‘Photo-oxidative degradation of the pesticide permethrin catalysed by
irradiated TiO2 semiconductor slurries in aqueous media’, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.64, pp. 247-253.
88. Hidaka H., Yamada S., Suenaga S., Kubota H., Serpone N.,
Pelizzetti E. and Grazel M. (1989), ‘Photodegradation of surfactants. V.
Photocatalytic degradation of surfactants in the presence of
semiconductor particles by solar exposure’, J. Photochem. Photobiol.
A: Chem., Vol.47, pp.103-112.
89. Hoffmann M.R., Martin S.T., Choi W. and Bahnemann D. (1995),
‘Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis’, Chem.
Rev., Vol.95, pp.69-96.
90. Honda H., Ishizaki A., Soma R., Hashimoto K. and Fujishima (1998),
‘Application of photocatalytic reactions caused by TiO2 film to
improve the maintenance factor of lighting systems’, J. Illuminating
Engg. Soc., pp.42-49.
215
91. Honda K. and Fujishima A. (1972), ‘Electrochemical photolysis of
water at a semiconductor electrode’, Nature, Vol.238, pp.37-38.
92. Hong A.P., Bahnemann D.W. and Hoffmann M.R. (1987), ‘Cobalt(II)
tetrasulfophthalocyanine on titanium dioxide: A new efficient electron
relay for the photocatalytic formation and depletion of hydrogen
peroxide in aqueous suspensions’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.91,
pp.2109-2117.
93. Hotchandani S., Kamat P.V. (1992), ‘Charge transfer processes in
coupled semiconductor systems. Photochemistry and
photoelectrochemistry of the colloidal cadmium sulfide - zinc oxide
system’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 96, pp.6834-6839.
94. Howe R.F. (1998), ‘Recent developments in photocatalysis’, Dev.
Chem. Eng. Mineral Process, Vol.6(1), pp.55-84.
95. Ireland J.S., Mukku V.R., Robison A.K. and Stancel G.M. (1980),
‘Stimulation of uterine deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by
1,1,1-trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl)ethane (o,p′-DDT)’, Biochem. Pharmacol., Vol.24, pp.1469-1474.
96. Islam M.N. Ghosh T.B., Chopra K.L. and Acharya H.N. (1996), ‘XPS
and X-ray diffraction studies of aluminium-doped zinc oxide
transparent conducting films’, Thin Solid Films, Vol.280, pp.20-25.
97. Jaeger C.D. and Bard A.J. (1979), ‘Spin trapping and electron spin
resonance detection of radical intermediates in the photodecomposition
of water at titanium dioxide particulate systems’, J. Phys. Chem.,
Vol.83, pp.3146-3152.
98. Jobling S., Nolan M., Tyler C.R., Brighty G. and Sumpter J.P. (1998),
‘Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish’, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
Vol.32, pp.2498-2506.
99. Johnson J. (1999), Chemical and engineering news, American
Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp.28.
100. Kalyanasundaram K. (1983), ‘Semiconductor particulate systems for
photocatalysis and photosynthesis: An overview’, in Michael ratzel
(Ed.), Energy resources through photochemistry and catalysis,
Academic Press, pp.217-260.
101. Kamat P.V. (1993), ‘Photochemistry on nonreactive and reactive
(semiconductor) surfaces’, Chem. Rev., Vol.93, pp.267-300.
216
102. Kamat P.V. and Patrick B. (1992), ‘Photophysics and photochemistry
of quantized ZnO colloids’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.96, pp.6829-6834.
103. Kawaguchi H. (1984), ‘Photocatalytic decomposition of phenol in the
presence of titanium dioxide’, Environ. Tech. Lett., Vol.5, pp.471-474.
104. Kawai T. and Sakata T. (1980), ‘Conversion of carbohydrate into
hydrogen fuel by a photocatalytic process’, Nature, Vol.286,
pp.474-476.
105. Kehew A.E. (2001), ‘Applied chemical hydrogeology’, Prentice Hall,
New York, Chapter 4.
106. Kerzhentsev M., Guillard C., Herrmann J.M. and Pichat P. (1996),
‘Photocatalytic pollutant removal in water at room temperature: Case
study of the total degradation of the insecticide, fenitrothion
(phosphorothioic acid O,O-dimethy-O-(3-methyl-4-nitro-phenyl)ester)’,
Catal. Today, Vol.27, pp.215-220.
107. Khodja A.A., Sehili T., Pilichowski J.F. and Boule P. (2001),
‘Photocatalytic degradation of 2-phenylphenol on TiO2 and ZnO in
aqueous suspensions’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.141,
pp.231-239.
108. Khouchaf L., Tuilier M.H., Wark M., Soulard M. and Kessler H.
(1998), ‘Structural investigation of zinc oxide clustering in zeolite A
and sodalite’, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., Vol.20, pp.27-37.
109. Kikuchi Y., Sunada K., Iyoda T., Hashimoto K. and Fujishima A.
(1997), ‘Photocatalytic bactericidal effect of TiO2 thin films: Dynamic
view of the active oxygen species responsible for the effect’,
J. Photochem. and Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.106, pp.51-56.
110. Kisch H. (1989), ‘What is photocatalysis’, Photocatalysis:
Fundamentals and applications, Serpone N. and Pelizzetti E. (Eds.),
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp.1-8.
111. Kiwi J. (1994), ‘Role of O2 at the TiO2 interface during photodegradation
of biologically difficult to degrade anthraquinone sulphonate dyes’,
Environ. Toxicol. Chem., Vol.13, pp.595-599.
112. Kobayakawa K., Sato C., Sato Y. and Fujishima A. (1998),
‘Continuous-flow photoreactor packed with titanium dioxide
immobilized on large silica gel beads to decompose oxalic acid in
excess water’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.118, pp.65-69.
217
113. Kocher M., Daubler T.K., Harth E., Scherf U., Gugel A. and Neher D.
(1998), ‘Photoconductivity of an inorganic/organic composite
containing dye-sensitized nano-crystalline titanium dioxide’, Appl.
Phys. Lett., Vol.72, pp.650-652.
114. Kormann C., Bahnemann D.W. and Hoffmann M.R. (1991),
‘Photolysis of chloroform and other organic molecules in aqueous
titanium dioxide suspensions’, Environ. Sci. and Technol., Vol.25,
pp.494-500.
115. Kortan A.R., Hull R., Opila R.L., Bawendi M.G., Steigerwald M.L.,
Carrol P.J. and Brus E. (1990), ‘Nucleation and growth of cadmium
selenide on zinc sulfide quantum crystallite seeds and vice versa, in
inverse micelle media’, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol.112, pp.1327-1332.
116. Kraeutler B. and Bard A.J. (1978), ‘Heterogeneous photocatalytic
preparation of supported catalysts. Photodeposition of platinum on
titanium dioxide powder and other substrates’, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
Vol.100, pp.4317-4318.
117. Kupfer D. (1975), ‘Effects of pesticides and related compounds on
steroid metabolism and function’, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., Vol.4,
pp.83-124.
118. Lakshmi S., Renganathan R. and Fujita S. (1995), ‘Study on TiO2 –
mediated photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue’, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.88, pp.163-167.
119. Lea J. and Adesina A. (1998), ‘The photo-oxidative degradation of
sodium dodecyl sulphate in aerated aqueous TiO2 suspension’,
J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.118, pp.111-112.
120. Lea J. and Adesina A.A. (2001), ‘Oxidative degradation of
4-nitrophenol in UV-illuminated titania suspension’, J. Chem. Tech.
Bio. Tech., Vol.76, pp.803-810.
121. Legrini O., Oliveros E. and Braun A.M. (1993), ‘Photochemical
processes for water treatment’, Chem. Rev., Vol.93, pp.671-698.
122. Leitner N.K.V. and Dore M. (1996), ‘Hydroxy radical induced
decomposition of aliphatic acids in oxygenated and deoxygenated
aqueous solutions’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. Chem., Vol.99,
pp. 137-143.
218
123. Lester J.N. (1987), ‘Heavy metals in wastewater and sludge treatment
processes’, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
124. Lewis L.N. (1993), ‘Chemical catalysis by colloids and clusters’,
Chem. Rev., Vol.93, pp.2693-2730.
125. Li D. and Haneda H. (2003), ‘Synthesis of nitrogen containing ZnO
powders by spray pyrolysis and their visible light photocatalysis in
gas-phase acetaldehyde decomposition’, J. Photochem. Photobiol.
A: Chem., Vol.155, pp.171-178.
126. Lin J. and Yu J.C. (1998), ‘An investigation on photocatalytic
activities of mixed TiO2-rare earth oxides for the oxidation of acetone
in air’, J. Photchem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.116, pp.63-67.
127. Lin J., Yu J.C., Lo D. and Lam S.K. (1999), ‘Photocatalytic activity of
Rutile Ti1-x SnxO2 solid solutions’, J. Catal., Vol.183, pp.368-372.
128. Lindner M., Bahnemann D., Hirthe B. and Griebtor W. (1995), ‘Solar
water detoxification: Novel TiO2 powders as highly active
photocatalysts’, Solar Engineering, Vol.1, pp.339-408.
129. Linsebigler A.L., Lu G. and Yates J.T. (1995), ‘Photocatalysis on TiO2
surfaces: Principles, mechanisms and selected results’, Chem. Rev.,
Vol.95, pp.735-758.
130. Liqiang J., Xiaojun S., Baifu X., Baiqi W., Weimin C. and
Honggang F. (2004), ‘The preparation and characterization of
La-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity’, Solid
State Chem., Vol.177, pp.3375-3382.
131. Lobedank J., Bellmann E. and Bendig J. (1997), ‘Sensitized
photocatalytic oxidation of herbicides using natural sunlight’,
J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.108, pp.89-93.
132. Lu M.C., Roam G.D., Chen J.N. and Huang C.P. (1995), ‘Photocatalytic
mineralisation of toxic chemicals with illuminated TiO2’, Chem. Eng.
Commn., Vol.139, pp.1-13.
133. Luo H., Takata T., Lee Y., Zhao J., Domen K. and Yan Y.S. (2004),
‘Photocatalytic activity enhancing for titanium dioxide by co-doping
with bromine and chlorine’, Chem. Mater., Vol.16, pp.846-849.
219
134. Ma Y. and Yao J.N. (1998), ‘Photodegradation of rhodamine B catalysed
by TiO2 thin films’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.116,
pp.167-170.
135. Maillard-Dupuy C., Guillard C., Courbon H. and Pichat P. (1994),
‘Kinetics and products of the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of pyridine
in water’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.28, pp.2176-2183.
136. Malato S., Blanco J., Richter C., Milow B. and Maldonado I. (1999),
‘Solar photocatalytic mineralisation of commercial pesticide:
methamidoplhos’, Chemosphere, Vol.38, pp.1145-1156.
137. Martin C.A., Baltanas M.A. and Cassano A.E. (1993), ‘Photocatalytic
reactors. I. Optical behaviour of titanium oxide particulate
suspensions’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.76, pp.199-208.
138. Martin S., Herrmann H., Choi W. and Hoffmann Z.M. (1995),
‘Photochemical destruction of chemical contaminants on quantum-
sized semiconductor particles’, Solar engineering, Vol.1, ASME,
pp.409-413.
139. Martin S.T., Morrison C.L. and Hoffmann M.R. (1994),
‘Photochemical mechanism of size-quantized vanadium-doped TiO2
particles’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.98, pp.13695-13704.
140. Maruska H.P. and Ghosh A.K. (1978), ‘Photocatalytic decomposition
of water at semiconductor electrodes’, Solar Energy, Vol.20,
pp.443-458.
141. Matos J., Laine J. and Herrmann J.M. (1998), ‘Synergy effect in the
photocatalytic degradation of phenol on a suspended mixture of titania
and activated carbon’, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol.18, pp.281-291.
142. Matsubara H., Takasa M., Koyama S., Hashimoto K. and Fujishima A.
(1995), ‘Photoactive TiO2 containing paper: Preparation and its
photocatalytic activity under weak UV light illumination’, Chem. Lett.,
pp.767-768.
143. Matsunaga T., Tomoda R., Nakajima T. and Wake H. (1985),
‘Photoelectrochemical sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor
powders’, FEMS. Microbiol. Let., Vol.29, pp.211-214.
220
144. Matthews R. (1993), ‘Photocatalysis in water purification:
Possibilities, problems and prospects’, in Ollis D.F. and Al-Ekabi H.
(Eds.), Photocatalytic purification and treatment of water and air,
Elsevier Science Publishers, pp.121-139.
145. Matthews R.W. (1985), ‘Titanium dioxide and the solar purification of
water’, Sunworld, Vol.9, pp.3-5.
146. Matthews R.W. (1986), ‘Photooxidation of organic material in aqueous
suspensions of titanium dioxide’, Wat. Res., Vol.20, pp.569-578.
147. Matthews R.W. (1987a), ‘Photooxidation of organic impurities in
water using thin films of titanium dioxide’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.91,
pp.3328-3333.
148. Matthews R.W. (1987b), ‘Carbon dioxide formation from organic
solutes in aqueous suspensions of ultraviolet-irradiated TiO2’, Aus.
J. Chem., Vol.40, pp.667-675.
149. Matthews R.W. (1988), ‘Kinetics of photocatalytic oxidation of organic
solutes over titanium dioxide’, J. Catal., Vol.111, pp.264-272.
150. Matthews R.W. (1990), ‘Purification of water with near UV illuminated
suspension of TiO2’, Wat. Res., Vol.24, pp.653-660.
151. Matthews R.W. (1991), ‘Photooxidative degradation of coloured
organics in water using supported catalysts. TiO2 on sand’, Wat. Res.,
Vol.25, pp.1169-1176.
152. Mattiessen P. (2000), ‘Is endocrine disruption a significant ecological
issue?’, Ecotoxicology, Vol.9, pp.21-24.
153. Maurino V., Minero C., Pelizzetti E., Piccinini P., Serpone N. and
Hidaka H. (1997), ‘The fate of organic nitrogen under photocatalytic
conditions: degradation of nitrophenols and aminophenols on irradiated
TiO2’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.109, pp.171-176.
154. Memming M. (1988), ‘Topics in current chemistry’, in Steckham E.
(Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Vol.143, pp.79-90.
155. Menassa P.E., Makand M.K.S. and Langford C.H. (1988), ‘A study of
the photodecomposition of different chlorinated biphenyls by surface
modified titanium (IV) oxide particle’, Environ. Technol. Lett., Vol.9,
pp.825-830.
221
156. Mengyue Z., Shifu C. and Yaowu T. (1995), ‘Photocatalytic
degradation of organophosphorus pesticides using thin films of TiO2’,
J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol.64, pp.339-344.
157. Mews A., Eychmuller A., Giersig M., Schooss D. and Weller H.
(1994), ‘Preparation, characterization and photophysics of the quantum
dot quantum well system CdS/HgS/CdS’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.98,
pp.934-941.
158. Miller J.R., Peeples J.A., Schmitt M.J. and Closs G.L. (1982), ‘Long
distance fluorescence quenching by electron transfer in rigid solutions’,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol.104, pp.6488-6493.
159. Mills A. and Davis R. (1993), ‘The photomineralisation of reactive
black 5, sensitised by TiO2: A study of the initial kinetics of dye
photobleaching in photocatalytic purification and treatment of water and
air’, Ollis D.F. and Al-Ekabi H. (Eds.), Elsevier Science Publisher, BV,
pp.595-599.
160. Mills A. and Hunte S.L. (1997), ‘An overview of semiconductor
photocatalysis’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.108, pp.1-35.
161. Mills A., Belghazi A., Davis R.H., Worsley D. and Morris S. (1994), ‘A
kinetic study of the bleaching of rhodamine 6G photosensitized by
titanium dioxide’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.79,
pp.131-139.
162. Minero C., Catozzo F. and Pelizzetti E. (1992), ‘Role of adsorption in
photocatalyzed reactions of organic molecules in aqueous titania
suspensions’, Vol.8, pp.481-486.
163. Minero C., Pelizzetti E., Malato S. and Blanco J. (1996), ‘Large solar
plant photocatalytic water decontamination: degradation of atrazine’,
Solar Energy, Vol.56, pp.411-419.
164. Modestov A.D. and Lev O. (1998), ‘Photocatalytic oxidation of
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with titania photocatalyst. Comparison of
supported and suspended TiO2’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,
Vol.112, pp.261-270.
165. Moon J., Takagi H., Fujishiro Y. and Awano M. (2001), ‘Preparation
and characterization of the Sb-doped TiO2 photocatalysts’, J. Mater.
Sci., Vol.36, pp.949-955.
222
166. Moser J. and Graetzel M. (1984), 'Photosensitized electron injection in
colloidal semiconductors', J. Phys. Chem., Vol.106, pp.6557-6564.
167. Moser J., Punchihewa S., Infelta P.P. and Gratzel M. (1991), ‘Surface
complexation of colloidal semiconductors strongly enhances interfacial
electron transfer rates’, Langmuir, Vol.7, pp.3012-3018.
168. Mu W., Herrmann J.-M. and Pichat P. (1989), ‘Room temperature
photocatalytic oxidation of liquid cyclohexane into cyclohexanone
over neat and modified TiO2’, Catal. Lett., Vol.3, pp.73-84.
169. Muneer M., Theurich J. and Bahnemann D.W. (1999), ‘Formation of
toxic intermediates upon photocatalytic degradation of the pesticide
diuron’, Res. Chem. Intermed., Vol.25, pp.667-683.
170. Muradov N.Z. (1994), ‘Solar detoxification of nitroglycerine
contaminated water using immobilized titania’, Solar Energy, Vol.52,
pp.283-288.
171. Murk A.J., Boudewijin T.J., Meininger P.L., Bosveld A.T.C.,
Rossaert G., Ysebaert T., Meire P. and Dirksen S. (1996), ‘Effects of
polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and related contaminants on
common tern reproduction: Integration of biological, biochemical and
chemical data’, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., Vol.31, pp.128-140.
172. Muruganandham M. and Swaminathan M. (2004), ‘Solar
photocatalytic degradation of a reactive azo dye in TiO2-suspension’,
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, Vol.81, pp.439-457.
173. Naskar S., Arumugam Pillay S. and Chanda M. (1998), ‘Photocatalytic
degradation of organic dyes in aqueous solution with TiO2 nanoparticles
immobilized on foamed polyethylene sheet’, J. Photochem and
Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.113, pp.257-264.
174. Nasr C., Vinodgopal K., Fisher L., Hotchandani S., Chattopadhyay A.K.
and Kamat P.V. (1996), ‘Environmental photochemistry on
semiconductor surfaces. Visible light induced degradation of textile
diazo dye, naphthol blue black on TiO2 nanoparticles’, J. Phys. Chem.,
Vol.100, pp.8436-8442.
175. Negishi N., Iyoda T., Hashimoto K. and Fujishima A. (1995),
‘Preparation of transparent TiO2 thin film photocatalyst and its
photocatalytic activity’, Chem. Lett., pp.841-842.
223
176. Nelson J.A., Struck R.F. and James R.E. (1978), ‘Estrogenic activities
of chlorinated hydrocarbons’, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Vol.4,
p.325.
177. Neppolian B. (1999b), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes in
aqueous solution using solar and UV irradiation’, Ph.D. thesis, Anna
University, Chennai, India.
178. Neppolian B., Sakthivel S., Palanichamy M., Arabindoo B. and
Murugesan V. (1999), ‘Photoassisted degradation of textile dye using
ZnO catalyst’, Bull. Cat. Soc. India, Vol.9, p.164.
179. Neppolian B., Sakthivel S., Palanichamy M., Banumathi Arabindoo and
Murugesan V. (1998), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye
commonly used in cotton fabrics’, Stud. Sur. Sci. & Cat., Vol.113,
pp.329-335.
180. Neppolian B., Sakthivel S., Palanichamy M., Banumathi Arabindoo and
Murugesan V. (1999a), ‘Degradation of textile dye by solar light using
TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts’, J. Environ. Sci. Health: Part A, A43,
Vol.34, pp.1829-1838.
181. Neppolian B., Sakthivel S., Palanichamy M., Banumathi Arabindoo and
Murugesan V. (2001a), ‘Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of
reactive yellow 17 dye in aqueous solution using UV irradiation’,
J. Environ. Sci. Health: Part A., Vol.36, pp.203-213.
182. Neppolian B., Sakthivel S., Palanichamy M., Banumathi Arabindoo and
Murugesan V. (2001b), ‘ZnO photoassisted degradation of textile dye
using solar energy’, Indian J. Chem. Tech., Vol.8, pp.36-40.
183. Noorjahan M., Durgakumari V., Subramanyam M. and Boule B.
(2004), ‘A novel and efficient photocatalyst: TiO2-HZSM-5 combinant
thin film’, Appl. Catal. B., Vol.47, pp.209-213.
184. Nosaka Y. and Fox M.A. (1988), ‘Kinetics for electron transfer from
laser-pulse-irradiated colloidal semiconductors to adsorbed methyl
viologen. Dependence of the quantum yield on incident pulse width’,
J. Phys. Chem., Vol.92, pp.1893-1897.
185. O’Regan B. and Graetzel M. (1991), ‘A low cost, high efficiency solar
cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films’, Nature, Vol.353,
pp.737-740.
224
186. O’Shea K.E., Beightol S., Garcia I., Aguilar M., Kalen D.V. and Cooper
W.J. (1997), ‘Photocatalytic decomposition of organophosphonates in
irradiated TiO2 suspensions’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,
Vol.107, pp.221-226.
187. Ohko Y., Hashimoto K. and Fujishima A. (1997), ‘Kinetics of
photocatalytic reactions under extremely low-intensity or illumination
on titanium dioxide thin films’, J. Phys. Chem. A., Vol.101,
pp.8057-8062.
188. Ohnishi H., Matsumura M., Tsubomura H. and Iwasaki M. (1989),
‘Bleaching of lignin solution by a photocatalysed reaction on
semiconductor photocatalysts’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol.28,
pp.719-724.
189. Okamoto K.I., Yamamoto Y., Tanaka H. and Tanaka M. (1985a),
‘Heterogeneous photocatalytic decomposition of phenol over TiO2
powder’, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Vol.58, pp.2015-2022.
190. Okamoto K.I., Yamamoto Y., Tanaka H. and Tanaka M. (1985b),
‘Kinetics of heterogeneous photocatalytic decomposition of phenol over
anatase TiO2 powder’, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., Vol.58, pp.2023-2028.
191. Ollis D.F. (1991), ‘Photochemical conversion and storage of solar
energy’, in Pelizzetti E. and Schiavello M. (Eds.), Kluwer, Academic
Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands and references therein.
192. Ollis D.F. and Al-Ekabi H. (1993), ‘Photocatalytic purification and
treatment of water and air’, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol.III.
193. Ollis D.F. and Turchi, C.S. (1990), ‘Heterogeneous photocatalysis for
water purification: Contaminant mineralization kinetics and elementary
reactor analysis’, Environ. Prog., Vol.9, pp.229-234.
194. Ollis D.F., Hsiao C.Y., Budiman L. and Lee C.L. (1984), ‘Heterogeneous
photoassisted catalysis: Conversion of perchloroethylene,
dichloroethylene chloroacetic acid and chlorobenzenes’, J. Catal.,
Vol.88, pp.89-98.
195. Ollis D.F., Pelizzetti F. and Serpone N. (1989), ‘Heterogeneous
photocatalysts in the environmental application to water purification
photocatalysis’, John Wiley & Sons, USA, pp.603-634.
196. Ovenstone J. (2001), ‘Preparation of novel titania photocatalysts with
high activity’, J. Mater. Sci., Vol.36, pp.1325-1329.
225
197. Pelizzetti E. and Schiavello M. (Ed.) (1991), ‘Photochemical
conversion and storage of solar energy’, Kleuwer Academic
Publishers, Netherlands, p.251.
198. Pelizzetti E., Borgarello E., Serpone N. and Gratzel M. (1984),
‘Photocatalytic cleavage of hydrogen sulphide and organosulphur
compounds’, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., Vol.19, pp.329-335.
199. Pelizzetti E., Maurino C., Minero V., Carlin V., Pramauro E., Zerbinati
O. and Tosato M.L. (1990a), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of atrazine and
other s-triazine herbicides’, Environ. Sci. Tech. Vol.24, pp.1559-1565.
200. Pelizzetti E., Minero C., Maurino V., Sclafani A., Hidaka H. and
Serpone N. (1989), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of nonylphenol
ethoxylated surfactants’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.23, pp.1380-1385.
201. Pelizzetti E., Minero C., Pramauro E., Barbeni M., Maurino U. and
Tosato M. (1987), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of atrazine at ppb levels
under solar light and in the presence of titania particles’, Chim. Ind.
(Milan), Vol.69, pp.88-95.
202. Pelizzetti, E., Carlin. V., Minero C. and Gratzel. M. (1990b).
‘Enhancement of the rate of photocatalytic degradation on
2-chlorophenol, 2,7-dichlorodibenzodioxin and atrazine by inorganic
oxidizing species’, New J. Chem., Vol.15, pp.351-359.
203. Penpolcharoen M., Amal A. and Chen V. (1998), ‘Synthesis of titania
coated hernatite particles’, Proceedings, CHEMECA 98, The 26th
Australian Chemical Engineering Conference, Port Douglas,
Queensland, Australia, p.222.
204. Peral J., Casado J. and Domenech J. (1988), ‘Light-induced oxidation
of phenol over ZnO powder’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A : Chem.,
Vol.44, pp. 209-217.
205. Pichat P. (1997), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of aromatic and alicyclic
pollutants in water: By-products pathways and mechanisms’, Wat. Sci.
Tech., Vol.35, pp.73-78.
206. Pleskov Y.V. (1981), ‘Transformation of light energy into electric and
chemical energy in photoelectrochemical units with semiconductor
electrodes’, Sov. Electrochem., Vol.17, pp.3-31.
226
207. Poulios I. and Tsachpinis I. (1999), ‘Photodegradation of the textile
dye reactive black 5 in the presence of semiconducting oxides’,
J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol.74, pp.349-357.
208. Poulios I., Avranas A., Rekliti E. and Zouboulis A. (2000),
‘Photocatalytic oxidation of auramine O in the presence of
semiconducting oxides’, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol.75,
pp.205-212.
209. Pramauro E., Prevot A.B., Cincent M. and Brizzolessi G. (1997),
‘Photocatalytic degradation of carbonyl in aqueous solutions containing
TiO2 suspensions’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.31, pp.3126-3131.
210. Pruden A.L. and Ollis D.F. (1983a), ‘Degradation of chloroform by
photoassisted heterogeneous catalysis in dilute aqueous suspensions of
titanium dioxide’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.17, pp.628-631.
211. Pruden A.L. and Ollis D.F. (1983b), ‘Photoassisted heterogeneous
catalysis: The degradation of trichloroethylene in water’, J. Catal.,
Vol.82, pp.404-417.
212. Purdom C.E., Haridman P.A., Bye V.J., Eno N.C., Tyler C.R. and
Sampter J.P. (1994), ‘Estrogenic effects of effluent from sewage
treatment works’, Chem. Ecol., Vol.8, pp.275-285.
213. Rabani J. (1989), ‘Sandwich colloids of ZnO and ZnS in aqueous
solutions’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.93, pp.7707-7713.
214. Ranjit K.T., Willner I., Bossmann S.H. and Braun M. (2001),
‘Lanthanide oxide doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts: Novel
photocatalysts for the enhanced degradation of p-chlorophenoxyacetic
acid’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.35, pp.1544-1549.
215. Rao N.N. and Dube S. (1997a), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of reactive
orange 84 (RO84) in dye house effluent using single pass reactor’, Stud.
Sur. Sci. Catal., Vol.113, pp.1045-1050.
216. Rao N.N. and Dube S. (1997b), ‘TiO2 catalysed photodegradation of
reactive orange 84 and alizarin red S biological stain’, Ind. J. Chem.
Tech., Vol.4, pp.1-6.
217. Ratcliffe J.M., McElhatton P.R. and Sullivan F.M. (1994),
‘Reproductive toxicity’, in Ballantyne B., Marrs T. and Turner P.E.
(Eds.), General and applied toxicology, MacMillan Press, Basingstoke,
p.989.
227
218. Ray A.K. and Beenackers A.A.C.M. (1997), ‘Novel swirl - flow reactor
for kinetic studies of semiconductor photocatalysis’, J. Environ. and
Energy Eng. AIChE., Vol.43, pp.2571-2578.
219. Ray A.K. and Beenackers A.A.C.M. (1998), ‘Novel photocatalytic
reactor for water purification’, J. Environmental and Energy Eng.
AIChE., Vol.44, pp.477-483.
220. Reber J.F. and Rusek M. (1986), ‘Photochemical hydrogen production
with platinized suspensions of cadmium sulfide and cadmium zinc
sulfide modified by silver sulfide’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.90,
pp.824-834.
221. Reddy E.P., Davydov L. and Smirniotis P. (2003), ‘TiO2 -loaded
zeolites and mesoporous materials in the sonophotocatalytic
decomposition of aqueous organic pollutants: The role of the support’,
Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol.42, pp.1-11.
222. Reeves P., Ohlhausen R., Sloan D., Pamplin K., Scoggins T., Clark C.,
Hutchinson B. and Green D. (1992), ‘Photocatalytic destruction of
organic dyes in aqueous TiO2 suspensions using concentrated stimulated
and natural solar energy’, Solar Energy, Vol.48, pp.413-420.
223. Rengaraj S. and Li X.Z. (2005), ‘Enhanced photocatalytic activity of
TiO2 by doping with Ag for degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in
aqueous suspension’, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., Vol.243, pp.60-67.
224. Reutergardh L.B. and Iangpasuk M. (1997), ‘Organic contaminants in
sewage sludge and their ecotoxicological significance in the
agricultural utilization of sewage sludge’, Chemosphere, Vol.35,
pp.5-11.
225. Reynolds D.C., Look D.C., Jogai B. and Hoelscher J.E. (2000),
‘Time-resolved photoluminescence life time measurements of the 5
and 6 free excitons in ZnO’, J. Appl. Phys., Vol.88, pp.2152-2153.
226. Richard C., Martre A.M. and Boule P. (1992), ‘Photocatalytic
transformation of 2,5-furandimethanol in aqueous ZnO suspensions’,
J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.66, pp.225-234.
227. Rodgers-Gray T.P., Jobling S., Morris S., Kelley C., Kirby S.,
Janbakhsh A., Harries J.E., Waldock M.J., Sumpter J.P. and Tyler C.R.
(2000), ‘Long-term temporal changes in the estrogenic composition of
treated sewage effluent and its biological effects on fish’, Environ. Sci.
Technol., Vol.34, pp.1521-1528.
228
228. Romero M., Blanco J., Sanchez B., Vidal A., Malato S., Cardona A.I.
and Garcia E. (1999), ‘Solar photocatalytic degradation of water and
air pollutants: Challenges and perspectives’, Solar Energy, Vol.2,
pp.169-182.
229. Rothenberger G., Moser J., Gratzel M., Serpone N. and Sharma D.K.
(1985), ‘Charge carrier trapping and recombination dynamics in small
semiconductor particles’, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol.107, pp.8054-8059.
230. Sadeghi M., Liu W., Zhong T.G., Stavropoulos P. and Levy B. (1996),
‘Role of photoinduced charge carrier separation distance in
heterogeneous photocatalysis: Oxidative degradation of CH3OH vapor
in contact with Pt/TiO2 and cofumed TiO2-Fe2O3’, J. Phys. Chem.,
Vol.100, pp.19466-19474.
231. Sakai H., Ryo Baba, Hashimoto K., Kubota Y. and Fujishima A.
(1995), ‘Selective killing of a single cancerous T24 cell with TiO2
semiconduction microelectrode under irradiation’, Chem. Lett.,
pp.185-186.
232. Sakata T., Kawai T. and Hashimoto K. (1982), ‘Photochemical diode
model of Pt/TiO2 particle and its photocatalytic activity’, Chem. Phys.
Lett., Vol.88, pp.50-54.
233. Sakthivel S., Geissen S.-U., Bahnemann D.W., Murugesan V. and
Vogelpohl J. (2002), ‘Enhancement of photocatalytic activity by
semiconductor heterojunctions: α-Fe2O3, WO3 and CdS deposited on
ZnO’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.148, pp.283-293.
234. Sakthivel S., Neppolian B., Arabindoo B., Palanichamy M. and
Murugesan V. (2001), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of leather dye over
ZnO catalyst supported on alumina and glass surfaces’, Water Sci.
Tech., Vol.44, pp.211-218.
235. Sakthivel S., Neppolian B., Banumathi Arabindoo, Palanichamy M.
and Murugesan V. (2000), ‘ZnO/UV mediated photocatalytic
degradation of acid green 16, a commonly used leather dye’, Indian
J. Eng. Mat. Sci., Vol.7, pp.87-93.
236. Sakthivel S., Neppolian B., Palanichamy M., Banumathi Arabindoo
and Murugesan V. (1999), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of leather dye,
acid green 16 using ZnO in the slurry and thin film forms’, Indian
J. Chem. Tech., Vol.6, pp.161-165.
229
237. Sakthivel S., Neppolian B., Shankar M.V., Arabindoo B., Palanichamy
M. and Murugesan V. (2003), ‘Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo
dye: Comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO2’, Solar
Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.77, pp.65-82.
238. Sakthivel S., Shankar M.V., Palanichamy M., Arabindoo B. and
Murugesan V. (2002), ‘Photocatalytic decomposition of leather dye.
Comparative study of TiO2 on alumina and glass beads’, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.148, pp.153-159.
239. Salafsky J.S., Lubberhuizen W.H., Van Faassen E.I. and Schropp R.E.
(1998), ‘Charge dynamics following dye photoinjection into a TiO2
nanocrystalline network’, J. Phys. Chem. B., Vol.102, pp.766-769.
240. Sato S. and White J.M. (1980), ‘Photoassisted water-gas shift reaction
over platinized titanium dioxide catalysts’, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
Vol.102, pp.7206-7210.
241. Scaife D.E. (1980), ‘Oxide semiconductors in photoelectrochemical
conversion of solar energy’, Solar Energy, Vol.25, pp.41-54.
242. Schiavello M. and Sclafani A. (1989), ‘Thermodynamic and kinetic
aspects in photocatalysis’, in Serpone N. and Pelizzetti E. (Eds.),
Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and applications, John Wiley and Sons,
pp.159-173.
243. Schmelling D.C., Ray A.K. and Kamat P.V. (1997), ‘The influence of
solution matrix on the photocatalytic degradation of TNT in TiO2
slurries’, Wat. Res., Vol.31, pp.1439-1447.
244. Schrauzer G.N. and Guth T.P. (1977), ‘Photocatalytic reactions.
1. Photolysis of water and photoreduction of nitrogen-titanium
dioxide’, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol.99, pp.7189-7193.
245. Sehili T., Boule P. and Lemaire J. (1989), ‘Photocatalysed
transformation of chloroaromatic derivatives on zinc oxide III:
chlorophenols’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.50,
pp.117-127.
246. Serpone N. (1997), ‘Relative photonic efficiencies and quantum yields
in heterogeneous photocatalysis’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,
Vol.104, pp.1-12.
230
247. Serpone N. and Lawless D. (1994), ‘Spectroscopic, photoconductivity,
and photocatalytic studies of TiO2 colloids: Naked and with the lattice
doped with Cr3+
, Fe3+
and V5+
cations’, Langmuir, Vol.10, pp.643-652.
248. Serpone N. and Pelizzetti E. (1989), ‘Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and
applications’, Wiley, New York.
249. Serpone N. and Salinaro (1999), ‘Terminology, relative photonic
efficiencies and quantum yields in heterogenous photocatalysis. Part I:
Suggested protocol’, Pure and Appl. Chem., Vol.71, No.2, pp.303-320.
250. Serpone N., Borgarellow E. and Gratzel M. (1984b), ‘Visible light
induced generation of hydrogen from H2S in mixed semiconductor
dispersions: Improved efficiency through inter-particle electron transfer’,
J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., pp.342-344.
251. Serpone N., Borgarellow E., Barbeni M. and Pelizzetti E. (1984a),
‘Effect of cadmium sulphide preparation on the photo-catalysed
decomposition of hydrogen sulphide in alkaline aqueous media’, Inorg.
Chim. Acta, Vol.90, pp.191-194.
252. Serpone N., Lawless D. and Pelizzetti E. (1996), ‘Subnanosecond
characteristics and photophysics of nanosized TiO2 particulates from
RPart = 10A to 34A: Meaning for heterogenous photocatalysis’, in
Pelizzetti E. (Ed.), Fine particles science and technology, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, pp.657-673.
253. Serrano B. and Lasa H.D. (1997), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of water
organic pollutants. Kinetic modelling and energy efficiency’, Ind. Eng.
Chem. Res., Vol.36, pp.4705-4711.
254. Shankar M.V., Anandan S., Venkatachalam N., Arabindoo B. and
Murugesan V. (2004b), ‘Novel thin film reactor for photocatalytic
degradation of pesticides in aqueous solution’, J. Chem. Technol.
Biotechnol., Vol.79, pp.1279-1285.
255. Shankar M.V., Cheralathan K.K., Banumathi Arabindoo,
Palanichamy M. and Murugesan V. (2004a), ‘Enhanced photocatalytic
activity for the destruction of monocrotophos pesticide by TiO2/Hβ’,
J. Mol. Catal., Vol.223, pp.195-200.
256. Shankar M.V., Neppolian B., Arabindoo B., Palanichamy M. and
Murugesan V. (2001), ‘Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of textile
dye reactive red 2’, Indian J. Engg. and Mat. Sci., Vol.8, pp.104-109.
231
257. Sharma A., Rao P., Mathur R.P. and Ametha S.C. (1995), ‘Photocatalytic
reactions of xylindine ponceau on semiconducting zinc oxide’,
J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.86, pp.197-200.
258. Sharpe R.M. and Skakkebaek N.E. (1993), ‘Are oestrogens involved in
the falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract?’,
Lancet, Vol.341, pp.1392-1396.
259. Sheahan D.A., Brighty G.C., Daniel M., Jobbling S., Harries J.E.,
Hurst M.R., Kennedy J., Kirby S.J., Morris S., Routledge E.J., Sumpler
J.P. and Waldock M.J. (2002), ‘Reduction in the estrogenic activity of
a treated sewage effluent discharge to an English river as a result of a
decrease in the concentration of industrially derived surfactants’,
Environ. Toxicol. Chem., Vol.21, pp.515-519.
260. Shivakumar and Davis A.P. (1997), ‘Heterogeneous photocatalytic
oxidation of nitrotoluene’, Water Environ. Res., Vol.69, pp.1238-1245.
261. Smith B.A., Waters D.M., Faulhaber A.E., Kregar M.A., Roberti T.W.
and Zhang J.Z. (1998), ‘Preparation and ultrafast optical
characterization of metal and semiconductor colloidal nano-particles’,
J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech., Vol.9, pp.125-137.
262. Sopyan I., Marasawa S., Hashimoto K. and Fujishima A. (1994),
‘Highly efficient TiO2 film photocatalyst, degradation of gaseous
acetaldehyde’, Chem. Lett., pp.723-726.
263. Sopyan I., Watanabe M., Murasawa S., Hashimoto K., Fujishima A.
(1996), ‘An efficient TiO2 thin film photocatalyst: Photocatalytic
properties in gas-phase acetaldehyde degradation’, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. A., Vol.98, pp.79-86.
264. Soria J., Conesa J.C., Augugilaro V., Palmisano L., Schiavello M. and
Sclafani A. (1991), ‘Dinitrogen photoreduction to ammonia over
titanium dioxide powders doped with ferric ions’, J. Phys. Chem.,
Vol.95, pp.274-282.
265. Spanhel L., Weller H. and Henglein A. (1991), ‘Semiconductor
clusters in the sol-gel process: quantized aggregation, gelatin, and
crystal growth in concentrated zinc oxide colloids’, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
Vol.113, pp.2826-2833.
232
266. Spanhel L., Weller H., Henglein A. and Fojtik A. (1987),
‘Photochemistry of semiconductor colloids. 17. Strong luminescing
CdS and CdS-Ag2S particles’, Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft -
Physical Chemistry, Vol.91, pp.88-94.
267. Stafford U., Ray K.A. and Kamat P.V. (1997), ‘Photocatalytic
degradation of 4-chlorophenol: The effects of varying TiO2 concentration
and light wavelength’, J. Catal., Vol.167, pp.25-32.
268. Subba Rao K.V. and Subrahmanyam M. (2002), ‘Synthesis of
2-methylpiperazine by photocatalytic reaction in a non-aqueous
suspension of semiconductor–zeolite composite catalysts’, Photochem.
Photobiol. Sci., Vol.1, pp.597-599.
269. Subba Rao K.V., Srinivas B., Prasad A.R. and Subramanyam M.
(2000), ‘A novel one step photocatalytic synthesis of dihydropyrazine
from ethylenediamine and propylene glycol’, Chem. Commun.,
pp.1533-1534.
270. Sunada K. Kikuchi Y., Hashimoto K. and Fujishima A. (1998),
‘Bactericidal and detoxification effects of TiO2 thin film
photocatalysts’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.32, No.5, pp.726-728.
271. Suri R.P.S., Liu J., Hand D.W., Crittenden J.C., Perram D.L. and
Mullins, M.E. (1993), ‘Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of
hazardous organic contaminants in water’, Water Environ. Res.,
Vol.65, pp.665-673.
272. Tahiri H., Ichou Y.A. and Hermann J.M. (1998), ‘Photocatalytic
degradation of chlorobenzoic isomers in aqueous suspensions of neat and
modified titania’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.114,
pp.219-226.
273. Takeda N., Ohtani M., Torimoto T., Kuwabata S. and Yoneyama H.
(1997), ‘Evaluation of diffusibility of adsorbed propionaldehyde on
titanium dioxide-loaded adsorbent photocatalyst films from its
photodecomposition rate’, J. Phys. Chem. B., Vol.101, pp.2644-2649.
274. Tennakone K., Thaminimulla C.T.K. and Bandara J.M.S. (1992a),
‘Nitrogen photoreduction by vanadium (III)-substituted hydrous ferric
oxide’, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.68, pp.131-135.
275. Tenne R. (1996), ‘Fullerene-like structures and nanotubes from
inorganic compounds’, Endeavour (Oxford, England), Vol.20, No.3,
pp.97-104.
233
276. Terzian R., Serpone N., Draper R.N., Fox M.A. and Pelizzetti E.
(1991), ‘Pulse radiolytic studies of the reaction of pentahalophenols
with OH radicals: Formation of pentahalophenoxyl, dihydroxypenta
halocyclo-hexadienyl and semiquinone radicals’, Langmuir, Vol.7,
pp.3081-3089.
277. Theurich J., Lindner M. and Bahnemann D.W. (1996), ‘Photocatalytic
degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aerated aqueous titanium dioxide
suspensions: A kinetic and mechanistic study’, Langmuir, Vol.12,
pp.6368-6376.
278. Tieram T.O., Taylor M.L., Solch J.G., Varnes G.F., Garrett J.H.,
Porter M.D. and Exner J. (1982), ‘Detoxification in hazardous waste’,
Ann. Arborsci. Publ. Ann. Arbor. M.I., pp.180-184.
279. Topalov A., Gabor D.M. and Csanadi J. (1999), ‘Photocatalytic
oxidation of the fungicide metalaxyl dissolved in water over TiO2’, Wat.
Res. Vol.33, pp.1371-1376.
280. Toppari J. and Skakkebaek N.E. (2000), ‘Endocrine disruption in male
human reproduction, in environmental endocrine disrupters, in
Guillette L.J. and Crain D.A. (Eds.), An evolutionary perspective,
Taylor and Francis, London, p.269.
281. Torimoto T., Ito S., Kuwabata S. and Yoneyama H. (1996), ‘Effects of
adsorbents used as supports for titanium dioxide loading on
photocatalytic degradation of propyzamide’, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
Vol.30, pp.1275-1281.
282. Tributsch H. (1989), Photoelectrocatalysis, in Serpone N., Pelizzetti E.,
(Eds.), Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and applications, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, pp.339-84.
283. Tunesi S. and Anderson M.A. (1987), ‘Photocatalysis of 3,4-DCB in
TiO2 aqueous suspensions; effects of temperature and light intensity;
CIR-FTIR interfacial analysis’, Chemosphere, Vol.16, pp.1447-1456.
284. Tunesi S. and Anderson M.A. (1991), ‘Influence of chemsorption on
the photodecomposition of salicylic acid and related compounds
suspended TiO2 ceramic membranes’, Phys. Chem., Vol.95, pp.3399-
3405.
285. Turchi C.S. and Ollis D.F. (1990), ‘Photocatalytic degradation of
organic water contaminants: Mechanisms involving hydroxyl radical
attack’, J. Catal., Vol.122, pp.178-192.
234
286. Turk T., Sabin F. and Vogler A. (1992), ‘Optical properties of zinc
oxide clusters encapsulated in a zeolite host’, Mater. Res. Bull.,
Vol.27, pp.1003-1008.
287. Ueno A., Kakuta N., Park K.H., Finalayson M.F., Bard A.J.,
Campion A., Fox M.A., Webber S.E. and White J.M. (1985), ‘Silica-
supported ZnS-CdS mixed semiconductor catalysts for
photogeneration of hydrogen’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.89, pp.3828-3833.
288. Villasenor J. and Mansilla H.D. (1996), ‘Effect of temperature on kraft
black liquor degradation by ZnO-photoassisted catalysis’,
J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.93, pp.205-209.
289. Villasenor J., Reyes, P. and Pecchi G. (1998), ‘Photodegradation of
pentachlorophenol on ZnO’, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol.72,
pp.105-110.
290. Vinodgopal K. and Kamat P.V. (1995), ‘Enhanced rates of photocatalytic
degradation of azo dyes using SnO2/TiO2 coupled semiconductor thin
films’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.29, pp.841-845.
291. Vinodgopal K. Bedja I. and Kamat P.V. (1996b), ‘Nanostructured
semiconductor films for photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical behaviour
of SnO2/TiO2 composite systems and its role in photocatalytic
degradation of a textile azo dye’, Chem. Mater., Vol.8, pp.2180-2187.
292. Vinodgopal K., Wynkoop D.E. and Kamat P.V. (1996a), ‘Environmental
photochemistry on semiconductor surfaces : Photosensitized degradation
of a textile azo dye, acid orange 7, on TiO2 particles using visible light’,
Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.30, pp.1660-1666.
293. Vogel R., Hoyer P. and Weller H. (1994), ‘Quantum-sized PbS, Ag2S,
Sb2S3 and Bi2S3 particles as sensitizers for various nanoporous wide-
band gap semiconductors’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.98, pp.3183-3188.
294. Wang C.M. and Mallouk T.E. (1990), ‘Wide-range tuning of titanium
dioxide flat-band potential by adsorption of fluoride and hydrofluoric
acid’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 94, pp.4276-4280.
295. Wang J. and Gao L. (2005), ‘Photoluminescence properties of
nanocrystalline ZnO ceramics prepared by pressure less sintering and
spark plasma sintering’, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol.88, pp.1637-1639.
235
296. Wei T.Y. and Wan C.C. (1991), ‘Heterogeneous photocatalytic
oxidation of phenol with titanium dioxide powders’, Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res., Vol.30, pp.1293-1300.
297. Weller H. and Eyshmuller A. (1995), ‘Photochemistry and photo-
electrochemistry of quantized matter: Properties of semiconductor
nanoparticles in solution and thin-film electrodes’, in Dougles C.
Nechers, David H. Volman and Gunther Von Bunau (Eds.), Advances
in photochemistry, Vol.20, John Willey and Sons Inc.
298. Whittemore A.S. (1994), ‘Prostate cancer’, Cancer Surv., Vol.1117,
pp.19-20.
299. Xia H.-L. and Tang F.-Q. (2003), ‘Surface synthesis of zinc oxide
nanoparticles on silica spheres: Preparation and characterization’,
J. Phys. Chem. B., Vol.107, pp.9175-9178.
300. Xu A.W., Gao Y. and Liu H.Q. (2002a), ‘The preparation,
characterization and their photocatalytic activities of rare earth-doped
TiO2 nanoparticles’, J. Catal., Vol.207, pp.151-157.
301. Xu N., Shi Z., Fan Y., Dong J., Shi J. and Hu M.Z.C. (1999), ‘Effects of
particle size of TiO2 on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in
aqueous suspensions’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol.38, pp.373-379.
302. Xu X.H., Wang M., Hou Y., Yao W.F., Wang D. and Wang H.
(2002b), 'Preparation and characterisation of Bi-doped TiO2
photocatalyst', J. Mat. Sci. Lett., Vol.21, pp.1655-1656.
303. Xu Y. and Langford C.H. (1995), ‘Enhanced photoactivity of a
titanium (IV) oxide supported on ZSM-5 and zeolite A at low
coverage’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.99, pp.11501-11507.
304. Xu Y. and Langford C.H. (1997), ‘Photoactivity of titanium dioxide
supported on MCM-41, zeolite X and Xeolite Y’, J. Phys. Chem. B.,
Vol.101, pp.3115-3121.
305. Xu Y., Zheng W. and Liu W. (1999), ‘Enhanced photocatalytic activity
of supported TiO2: dispersing effect of SiO2’, J. Photochem. Photobiol.
A: Chem., Vol.122, pp.57-60.
306. Yao W.F., Wang H., Xu X., Yang X.N., Zhang S.X., Shang M. and
Wang (2003b), ‘Preparation and photocatalytic property of La (Fe)-
doped bismuth titanate’, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., Vol.251, pp.235-239.
236
307. Yao W.F., Wang H., Xu X.H., Cheng X.F., Huang J., Shang S.X.,
Yang X.N. and Wang, M. (2003c), ‘Photocatalytic property of bismuth
titanate Bi12TiO20 crystals’, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., Vol.243, pp.185-190.
308. Yao W.F., Wang H., Xu X.H., Shang S.X., Hou Y., Zhang Y. and
Wang M. (2003a), ‘Synthesis and photocatalytic property of bismuth
titanate Bi4 Ti3 O12’, Mater. Lett., Vol.57, pp.1899-1902.
309. Yatmaz H.C., Akyol A. and Bayramoglu M. (2004), ‘Kinetics of the
photocatalytic decolorization of an azo reactive dye in aqueous ZnO
suspensions’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol.43, pp.6035-6039.
310. Yokomizo G.H. and Bell A.T. (1989), ‘Isotopic tracer and NMR
studies of carbonaceous species present during CO hydrogenation over
Ru/TiO2’, J. Catal., Vol.119, pp.467-482.
311. Yoneyama H. and Torimoto T. (2000), ‘Titanium dioxide/adsorbent
hybrid photocatalysts for photodestruction of organic substances of
dilute concentrations’, Catal. Today, Vol.58, pp.133-140.
312. Youn H.C., Baral A. and Fendler J.H. (1988), ‘Dihexadecyl phosphate,
vesicle-stabilized and in situ generated mixed CdS and ZnS
semiconductor particles. Preparation and utilization for photosensitized
charge separation and hydrogen generation’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.92,
pp.6320-6327.
313. Yu J.C., Lin J., Kwok R.W.M. (1998), ‘Ti1-xZrxO2 solid solutions for
the photocatalytic degradation of acetone in air’, J. Phys. Chem. B.,
Vol.102, pp.5094-5098.
314. Zeltner W.A. and Anderson M.A. (1996), ‘The use of nanoparticles in
environmental application’, in Pelizzetti E. (Ed.), Fine particles science
and technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp.643-656.
315. Zhang F., Zhao J., Zang D., Shen T., Hidaka H., Pelizzetti E. and
Serpone N. (1997), ‘Photoassisted degradation of dye pollutants in
aqueous TiO2 dispersions under irradiation by visible light’, J. Mol.
Catal., A : Chem., Vol.120, pp.173-178.
316. Zhang L., Liu C.Y. and Ren X.M. (1995), ‘Photochemistry of
semiconductor particles 3. Effects of surface charge on reduction rate
of methyl orange photosensitized by ZnS sols’, J. Photochem.
Photobiol. A: Chem., Vol.85, pp.239-245.
237
317. Zhang P.C., Scrudato R.J. and Germano G. (1994c), ‘Solar catalytic
inactivation of Escherichia coli in aqueous solutions using TiO2 as
catalyst’, Chemosphere, Vol.28, pp.607-611.
318. Zhang Y., Crittenden J.C. and Hand D.W. (1994b), ‘The solar
photocatalytic decontamination of water’, Chemistry and Industry,
pp.714-717.
319. Zhang Y., Crittenden J.C., Hand D.W. and Perram D.L. (1994a),
‘Fixed-bed photocatalysis for solar decontamination of water’,
Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.28, pp.435-442.
320. Zhang Z., Wang C.C., Zakaria R. and Ying J.Y. (1998), ‘Role of
particle size in nanocrystalline TiO2-based photocatalysts’, J. Phys.
Chem. B., Vol.102, pp.10871-10878.
321. Zhao B., Yang H., Du G., Fang X., Liu D., Gao C., Liu X. and Xie B.
(2004), ‘Preparation and optimization of ZnO films on single crystal
diamond substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition’,
Semicond. Sci. Technol., Vol.19, pp.770-773.
322. Zhao J., Wu T., Wu K., Oikawa K., Hidaka H. and Serpone N. (1998),
‘Photoassisted degradation of dye pollutants. Degradation of the cationic
dye rhodamine B in aqueous anionic surfactant/TiO2 dispersions under
visible light irradiation: Evidence for the need of substrate adsorption
TiO2 particles’, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.32, pp.2394-2400.
323. Zhao X.S., Lu G.Q. and Millar G.J. (1996), ‘Preparation and
characterization of nanosized TiO2, CdO and ZnO semiconductor
particles anchored in NaY zeolite’, J. Porous Mater., Vol.3, pp.61-66.
324. Zhou H.S., Honma I., Komiyama H. and Haus J.W. (1993), ‘Coated
semiconductor nanoparticles: The CdS/PbS systems synthesis and
properties’, J. Phys. Chem., Vol.97, pp.895-901.