A Bibliography of the Writings of Jerome N. Frank

BOOKS

Frank, jerome, Not Guilty (with Barbara Frank). Garden City: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1957.261 pp.

--, Courts on Trial; Myth and Reality in American Justice. Prince­ton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1949.441 pp.

--, Fate and Freedom; A PhilosoPhy For Free Americans. N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1945; rev. ed., Boston: Beacon Press, 1953. 375 pp.

--, It Men Were Angels. N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, 1942.380 pp. --, Save America First. N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, 1938.432 pp. --, Law and the Modern Mind. N.Y.: Coward-McCann and Bren-

tano's, Inc., 1930. 368 pp.

ARTICLES, ESSAYS, AND MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS

Frank, jerome, "Some Reflections on judge Learned Hand," 24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 666 (1957). Published posthumously.

--, "Civil Law Influences on the Common Law - Some Re­flections on 'Comparative' and 'Contrastive' Law," 104 U. Pa. L. Rev. 887 (1956). Address.

--, "The Lawyer's Role in Modern Society: A Round Table," 4 J. Pub. L. 1,8 (1955).

--, "A Conflict With Oblivion: Some Observations on the Foun­ders of Legal Pragmatism," in the jurisprudential Symposium in Memory of Felix S. Cohen, 9 Rutgers L. Rev. 355, 425 (1954).

--, "Today's Problems in the Administration of Criminal justice," 15 Fed. R.D. 93, 95 (1953). Address.

--, "Some Tame Reflections on Some Wild Facts," in Sidney Ratner (ed.), Vision and Action: Essays in Honor ot Horace M. Kallen On His 70th Birthday. New Brunswick: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1953, pp. 56-82.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HIS WRITINGS 159

, "Judicial Fact-Finding and Psychology," 14 Ohio St. L.J. 183 (1953); repr. in condensed form in 59 Case and Com., Jan.­Feb. 1954, pp. 16-21. Address.

--, Introduction to Hoffman and Brodley, "Jurors on Trial," 17 Mo. L. Rev. 235 (1952).

--, Introduction to Louis H. Cohen, Murder, Madness and the Law. Cleveland & N.Y.: World Publishing Company, 1952.

--, Book Review of Seagle, Law: The Science of Inefficiency, 5 J. Legal Ed. 223 (1952).

--, "Interpretation - Parol Evidence - Mistake," in Corbin On Contracts: A Symposium Review, 61 Yale L.J. 1092 (1952).

--, "Both Ends Against the Middle," 100 U. Pa. L. Rev. 20 (1951). --, " 'Short of Sickness and Death': A Study of Moral Responsibili-

ty in Legal Criticism," 26 N. Y. UL Rev. 545 (1951). --, "Memorable Victories in the Fight for Justice," 30 Life, Mar.

12, 1951, at 86. --, Book Review of Cairns, Legal PhilosoPhy From Plato to Hegel,

25 Ind. L.J. 231 (1950). --, Book Review of Bienenfeld, Rediscovery of Justice, 38 Calif.

L. Rev. 351 (1950). --, "Something's Wrong With Our Jury System," 126 Colliers,

Dec. 9, 1950, at 28. --, "Modern and Ancient Legal Pragmatism - John Dewey & Co.

vs. Aristotle," 25 Notre Dame Law. 207,460 (1950). --, "A Disturbing Look at the Law Schools," 2 J. Legal Ed. 189

(1949) . --, "Legal Thinking in Three Dimensions," 1 Syracuse L. Rev.

9 (1949). New intr. to Law and the Modern Mind (1949 ed.). --, "The Case For the Special Verdict," 32 J. Am. Jud. Soc'y

142 (1949). From his Skidmore opinion (1948). --, "The Place of the Expert in a Democratic Society," 16 Philos.

of Sci. 3 (1949). --, Book Review of Morgenthau, Scientific Man vs. Power Politics,

15 U. Chi. L. Rev. 462 (1948). --, "Cardozo and the Upper-Court Myth," 13 Law & Contemp.

Prob. 369 (1948). --, "Say It With Music," 61 Harv. L. Rev. 921 (1948). --, "Judge Jerome Frank on Censorship and the Constitution,"

155 Publishers' Weekly 1 156 (Mar. 5, 1949). Excerpts from his opinion in Roth v. Goldman, 172 F. 2d 788 (2d Cir. 1949).

--, Book Review of Pirsig, Cases and Materials on Judicial Adminis­tration, 56 Yale L.J. 589 (1947).

--, "A Plea For Lawyer-Schools," 56 Yale L.J. 1303 (1947). --, "Self-Guardianship and Democracy," 16 American Scholar 265

(1947). Editorial. --, "Words and Music: Some Remarks on Statutory Interpre­

tation," 47 Col. L. Rev. 1259 (1947).

160 THE LEGAL REALISM OF JEROME N. FRANK

--, "A Sketch of an Influence," chap. X in Paul Sayre (ed.), Interpretations of Modern Legal Philosophies; Essays in Honor of Roscoe Pound. N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1947, pp. 189-261.

--, "The Scientific Spirit and Economic Dogmatism," in Jerome Nathanson (ed.), Science For Democracy; Papers From the Conferences on the Scientific Spirit and Democratic Faith. N.Y.: King's Crown Press, 1946, pp. 11-21.

--, Fact-Finding. New Haven: Yale Law School, 1946. Mimeo­graphed materials privately printed for use in Judge Frank's courses at the Yale Law School.

--, Book Review of Friedmann, Legal Theory, 59 Harv. L. Rev. 1004 (1946).

--, "The Cult of the Robe," 28 Sat. Rev. of Lit., Oct. 13, 1945, at 12. --, Book Review of de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 6 Fed.

B.J. 455 (1945). --, "The New Sin," 28 Sat. Rev. of Lit., Dec. 22, 1945, at 3. --, "War Crimes," 116 Colliers, Oct. 13, 1945, at 11. --, "Overhauling the Cabinet," 29 Fortune, Jan. 1944, at 88. --, "Women Lawyers," 119 Good Housekeeping, Dec. 1944, at 43;

31 Women Lawyers' J. 4 (1945). --, Book Review of Calhoun, Introduction to Greek Legal Science,

57 Harv. L. Rev. 1120 (1944). --, Book Review of Pound, Outline at Lectures on Jurisprudence,

52 Yale L.J. 935 (1943). --, (under the pseudonym, Anon Y. Mous of Middletown) "The

Speech of Judges: A Dissenting Opinion," 29 Va. L. Rev. 625 (1943).

--, "White Collar Justice," 216 Sat. Eve. Post, July 17, 1943, at 22. --, "Thoughts on Patents," 24 J. Pat. Off. Soc'y 808 (1942). --, "When 'Orner Smote 'Is Bloomin' Lyre," 51 Yale L.J. 367

(1942). Reprinted in If Men Were Angels (1942), at 223-35. --, "What's Wrong With Our Patent System?" 215 Sat. Eve. Post,

Nov. 20, 1942, at 20. --, "Epithetical Jurisprudence and the Work of the Securities and

Exchange Commission in the Administration of Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act," 18 N.Y.U.L.Q. Rev. 317 (1941).

--, Book Review of Douglas, Democracy and Finance, 54 Harv. L. Rev. 905 (1941).

--, "A Lawyer Looks at Language," in S. 1. Hayakawa, Language inAction. N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace, 1941 rev. ed., note, pp. 322-36.

--, "Red, White and Blue Herring," 214 Sat. Eve. Post, Dec. 6, 1941, at 9.

--, Letter from Jerome Frank, Chairman of the S.E.C. to Walter Gellhorn, in Administrative Procedure in Government Agencies, Monograph of the Attorney General's Committee on Adminis­trative Procedure, S. Doc. No. 10, 77th Cong., 1st Sess., pt. 13, app. F (1941) at 132-36.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HIS WRITINGS 161

--, "Mr. Frank Replies," 212 Sat. Eve. Post, June I, IS, 1940, at 26. Portrait, 212 Sat. Eve. Post, Mar. 30, 1940, at 11.

--, "Can Business and Government Work Together?" 5 Town HaU, No.9 (1939), at 21.

--, "Accounting For Investors," 7 The Controller 380 (1939), repro as "Accounting For Investors; The Fundamental Importance of Corporate Earning Power," 68 ]. Accountancy 295 (1939). Address.

--, Introduction to Randolph E. Paul, Studies in Federal Taxation. Chicago: Callaghan & Company, 1937, at 5.

--, "Lawlessness," 9 Encyc. Soc. Sci. 277 (1935). --, "Experimental Jurisprudence and the New Deal," in the

Handbook of the Association of American Law Schools, Report of the Thirty-First (1933) Annual Meeting of the Association, at 101; repro in slightly revised form in 78 Congo Rec. 12412 (1942); repro under the title, "Realism in Jurisprudence," 7 Am. L. School Rev. 1063 (1934). Address.

--, Book Review of Berle and Means, The Modern Corporation and Private Property, 42 Yale L.J. 989 (1933).

--, "Some Realistic Reflections on Some Aspects of Corporate Reorganizations," 19 Va. L. Rev. 541, 698 (1933).

--, "Realistic Reflections on Law as a Constructive Social Force," in the Proceedings of the National Conference of Social Work, Detroit, Michigan, 1933. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1933, pp. 326-32.

--, "Why Not a Clinical Lawyer-School?" 81 U. Pa. L. Rev. 907 (1933).

--, "What Constitutes a Good Legal Education?" 19 A.B.A.]. 723 (1933); repro in 7 Am. L. School Rev. 887, 894 (1933).

--, (with William O. Douglas), "Landlords' Claims in Reorgani­zations," 42 Yale L.J. 1003 (1933).

--, "What Courts Do In Fact," 26 Ill. L. Rev. 645,761 (1932). --, "Mr Justice Holmes and Non-Euclidean Legal Thinking,"

17 Cornell L.Q. 568 (1932). --, "Are Judges Human?" 80 U. Pa. L. Rev. 17,233 (1931). --, Book Review of Karl N. Llewellyn, The Bramble Bush: Some

Lectures on Law and Its Study, 40 Yale L. J. 1120 (1931).

UNPUBLISHED ADDRESSES

(Unless Otherwise Noted)

Frank, Jerome, "The Sin of Perfectionism," American Institute of Accountants, October 18, 1940. Reprinted in Experiences With Extensions of Auditing Procedure and Papers on Other Accounting Subjects (1940).

162 THE LEGAL REALISM OF JEROME N. FRANK

--, "Fairness and Feasibility," Association of the Bar of the City of New York, March 27, 1940.

--, "Advance Administrative Decisions," Association of the Bar of the City of New York, May 5, 1939.

--, "The SEC and the Rubber Hose," Chicago Bar Association, April 8, 1939. Reprinted in It Men Were Angels (1942) at 316-31.

--, "Administrative Flexibility or Industrial Paralysis," George­town Alumni Club. Washington, D.C., November 9, 1938.

--, "Too Much Interest in Interest," National Association of Se­curities Commissioners, September 22, 1938.

--, "What's Wrong With the Law Schools?" Washington, D.C., September 15, 1938.

--, "Corporate Reorganization and the Chandler Act," Adminis­trative Law Section, American Bar Association, July 25, 1938.

--, Lectures delivered at the New School For Social Research, New York City, 1931. Incorporated in Save America First (1938).

General Works Used in this Study

BOOKS

Arnold, Thurman W. The Symbols 0/ Government. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1935. 278 pp.

--. The Folklore 0/ Capitalism. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1937. 400pp.

Aumann, Francis R. The Changing American Legal System: Some Selected Phases. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 1940. 281 pp. (Especially pp. 197-235).

--. The Instrumentalities 0/ Justice: Their Forms, Functions, and Limi­tations. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 1956. 137 pp.

Barker, Ernest. Principles 0/ Social and Political Theory. Oxford and N.Y.: Clarendon Press, 1951. 284 pp.

Berman, Harold J. On The Teaching 0/ Law in the Liberal Arts Curriculum. Brooklyn: The Foundation Press, Inc., 1956. 179 pp. A report of a conference held at the Harvard Law School in November, 1954 on the Teaching of Law in the Liberal Arts Curriculum.

Beutel, Frederick K. Some Potentialities 0/ Experimental Jurisprudence as a New Branch 0/ Social Science. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1957. 440 pp. (Especially pp. 3-56).

Bodenheimer, Edgar. Jurisprudence. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1940. 357 pp.

Cabn, Edmond N. The Sense 0/ Injustice; An Anthropocentric View 01 Law. N.Y.: New York Univ. Press, 1949. 186 pp. (Especially "Security and Change," pp. 124-86).

--. The Moral Decision; Right and Wrong in the Light 01 American Law. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1956.342 pp.

Cairns, Huntington. Law and the Social Sciences. N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace, 1935. 279 pp.

Cardozo, Benjamin N. The Growth 01 the Law. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1924. 145 pp.

--. The Paradoxes 01 Legal Science. N.Y.: Columbia Univ. Press. 1927. 142 pp,

--. Selected Writings (ed. by Margaret E. Hall). N. Y.: Fallon Publi­cations, 1947.456 pp. (N.Y. State Bar Association address of 1932 is at pp.7-47).

164 THE LEGAL REALISM OF JEROME N. FRANK

Carr, Robert K. et al. American Democracy in Theory and Practice. N.Y. Rinehart & Co., 1951 1st ed., pp. 396-407 on the judicial process.

Cohen, Felix S. Ethical Systems and Legal Ideals; An Essay on the Foun­dations of Legal Criticism. N.Y.: Falcon Press, 1933.303 pp.

Cohen, Morris R. Reason and Nature; An Essay on the Meaning of Scientific Method. N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace, 1931. 470 pp.

--. Law and the Social Order; Essays in Legal PhilosoPhy. N.Y.: Har­court, Brace, 1933. 403 pp. (Especially "Jerome Frank," at pp. 357-62).

--. A merican Thought; A Critical Sketch. Glencoe: The Free Press, 1954. 360 pp. (Especially chap. VI, "Legal Thought," at 135-81).

--. (with Felix S. Cohen) Readings in jurisprudence and Legal Philo­sophy. N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1951. 944pp. (Especially chap. 6, "The Nature of the Judicial Process," at 439-83).

Commager, Henry Steele. The American Mind; An Interpretation 0/ American Thought and Character Since the IBBo's. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1950. 476 pp. (Especially pp. 359-90).

Dickinson, John. Administrative justice and the Supremacy of Law. Cam­bridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1927. 403 pp. (Especially, "The Su­premacy of Law and the Problem of Legal Education," at 333-58).

Ehrlich, Eugen. Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law (1913). Moll translation. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1936. 541 pp. (Especially pp. 192-213).

Fuller, Lon L. The Law in Quest of Itself. Chicago: The Foundation Press, 1940.147 pp.

Garlan, Edwin N. Legal Realism and justice. N.Y.: Columbia Univ. Press, 1941. 161 pp.

de Grazia, Sebastian. The Political Community; A Study of Anomie. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1948.258 pp.

Gurvitch, Georges. Sociology of Law. N.Y.: Philosophical Library and Alliance Book Corp., 1942. 309 pp.

Guttmacher, Manfred S. and Henry Weihofen. Psychiatry and the Law. N.Y.: W. W. Norton, 1952.476 pp.

Hall, Jerome. Studies in jurisprudence and Criminal Theory. N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1958. 300 pp.

Hand, Learned. The Spirit 0/ Liberty. Papers and Addresses of Learned Hand, collected and with an introduction and notes by Irving Dilliard. N. Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952. 262 pp.

Hoch, Paul H. and Joseph Zubin (eds.). Psychiatry and the Law. N.Y.: Grune and Stratton, 1955. 232 pp.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. The Common Law. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1881. 422pp.

--. Collected Legal Papers. N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace, 1920.316 pp. Interpretations of Modern Legal Philosophies; Essays in Honor 0/ Roscoe

Pound. Edited by Paul Sayre. N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1947. 807pp. Levi, Edward H. An Introduction to Legal Reasoning. Chicago: Univ. of

Chicago Press, 1949. 74 pp. Llewellyn, Karl N. The Bramble Bush; On Our Law and Its Study. N.Y.:

Oceana Publications, 1951 ed. 160 pp. --. (with E. A. Hoebel). The Cheyenne Way; Conflict and Case Law in

Primitive jurisprudence. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1941. 360 pp.

GENERAL WORKS USED IN THIS STUDY 165

Michael, Jerome and Mortimer J. Adler. Crime, Law and Social Science. N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace, 1933.440 pp.

Morris, Clarence. How Lawyers Think. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1937. 144 pp.

My Philosophy of Law; Cyedos of Sixteen American Scholars. Published under the direction of the Julius Rosenthal Foundation of North­western University. Boston: Boston Law Book Company, 1941. 321 pp.

Paton, George W. A Text-Book of juyisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946 1st ed. 528 pp.

Patterson, Edwin W. JUYispyudence; Men and Ideas of the Law. Brooklyn: The Foundation Press, Inc., 1953. 649 pp. (Especially cc. 17 and 18, at 465-559, which deal with pragmatism, sociological jurisprudence, and American legal realism).

Pekelis, Alexander H. Law and Social Action; Selected Essays. Edited by Milton R. Konvitz. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1950. 272 pp. (Especially pp. 87-90).

Philbrick, Frederick A. Language and the Law; The Semantics of Foyensic English. N.Y.: Macmillan, 1949. 254pp.

Pound. Roscoe. Contempoyayy juyistic Theoyy. Claremont Colleges: Ward Ritchie Press. 1940. 83 pp.

--. Social Contyol ThyoughLaw. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1942. 138 pp.

--. Inteypyetations of Legal Histoyy. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1946. 171 pp.

--. Administyative Law; Its Gyowth, PYoceduYe, and Significance. Pitts­burgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1942. 138 pp.

--. New Paths of the Law. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1950.69 pp. Radin, Max. Law as Logic and ExpeYience. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press,

1940. 171 pp. Reuschlein, Harold G. juyisprudence - Its Ameyican Pyophets; A Survey of

Taught juyisprudence. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, Inc., 1951.527 pp. (Especially the section on Jerome Frank, at 210-23).

Robinson, Edward S. Law and theLawyeys. N. Y. : Macmillan, 1935. 348 pp. Rosenfarb, Joseph. Fyeedom and the Administrative State. N.Y.: Harper &

Brothers, 1948. 274 pp. (Especially, "The Role of the Fatherhood Symbolism," at 209-11).

Sayre, Paul. An Intyoduction to a Philosophy of Law. Iowa City: State Univ. of Iowa Press, 1951. 21 pp.

--. Philosophy of Law. Iowa City: State Univ. of Iowa Press, 1954. 148 pp.

Seagle, William. The History of Law. N.Y.: Tudor Publishing Co., 1946. 439 pp. (Originally published under the title, The Quest Foy Law).

Stone, Julius. The Pyovince and Function of Law; Law as Logic, justice and Social Contyol. Sydney: Associated General Publications Pty. Ltd., 1946.918 pp.

West, Ranyard. Conscience and Society; A Study of the Psychological Pyerequisites of Law and Ordey. N. Y. : Emerson Books, Inc., 1945.261 pp.

Williams, Glanville. The Sanctity of Life and the CYiminal Law. N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, 1957. 350 pp.

Williams, James M. The Foundations of Social Science; An Analysis of Theil' Psychological Aspects. N.Y.: Alfred Knopf, 1920. 494 pp. (Especially bk. II, "Social Psychology and Jurisprudence," at 209-342).

166 THE LEGAL REALISM OF JEROME N. FRANK

ARTICLES, ESSAYS, AND MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS

Arnold, Thurman W. "The Jurisprudence of Edward S. Robinson," 46 Yale L. J. 1282 (1937).

--. "Law and Men," Book Review of Law and the Modern Mind, 7 Sat. Rev. of Lit. 644 (Mar. 7,1931).

--. "Free-Wheeling Among Ideas and Ideals," Book Review of Fate and Freedom, 28 Sat. Rev. of Lit., June 23, 1945, at 10.

--. "Judge Jerome Frank," 24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 633 (1957). Aronson, Moses J. "Roscoe Pound and the Resurgence of Juristic Ideal­

ism," 6J. Soc. Philos. 47 (1940). --. "Tendencies in American Jurisprudence," 4 U. Toronto L. J. 90

(1941). --. "The Swan-Song of Legal Realism," Book Review of Max Radin,

Law as Logic and Experience, 20 Texas L. Rev. 118 (1941). Aumann, Francis R. "Some Changing Patterns in the Legal Order," 24

Ky. L. J. 38 (1935), 10 Fla. L. J. 200 (1936). --. "Technology, Centralization, and the Law," 36 South Atlantic Q. 278

(1937). Barrett, Edward F. "Confession and Avoidance - Reflections on Reread­

ing Judge Frank's Law and the Modern Mind," 24 Notre Dame Law. 447 (1949).

BerIe, Adolf A. Jr. Book Review of Courts on Trial, 86 Survey 90 (1950). Bingham, Joseph W. "What Is The Law?" 11 Mich. L. Rev. 1, 109 (1912). Bobbio, Norberto. "La certezza del diritto e un mito?" Book Review of

Law and the Modern Mind, Rivista Internazionale di Filosofia del Diritto (Rome, 1951).

Bodenheimer, Edgar. "Law as Order and Justice," 6 J. Pub. L. 194 (1957). --. "Analytical Positivism, Legal Realism, and the Future of Legal

Method," 44 Va. L. Rev. 365 (1958). --. "A Decade of Jurisprudence in the United States of America:

1946-1956," 3 Natural L. Forum 44 (1958). --. "Modem Analytical Jurisprudence and the Limits of Its Usefulness,"

104 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1080 (1956). Bohlen, Francis H. Book Review of Law and the Modern Mind, 79 U. Pa.

L. Rev. 822 (1931). Bok, Curtis. "The jury System in America," 278 Annals, May 1953,

at 92. Brecht, Arnold. "The Myth of Is and Ought," 54 Harv. L. Rev. 811 (1941). Bridgman, Percy W. "The Prospect For Intelligence," 34 Yale Rev. 444

(1945). Brown, Louis M. "The Law Office - A Preventive Law Laboratory," 104

U. Pa. L. Rev. 940 (1956). Cahn, Edmond N. "A Dangerous Myth in the School Segregation Cases,"

30 N. Y.U.L. Rev. 150 (1955). --. "The Lawyer, the Social Psychologist, and the Trutb," 31 N. Y.U.L.

Rev. 181 (1956). --. "Jerome Frank's Fact-Skepticism and Our Future," 66 Yale L.J.

824 (1957). --. "Fact-Skepticism and Fundamental Law," 33 N. Y.U.L. Rev. 1

(1958).

GENERAL WORKS USED IN THIS STUDY 167

Cairns, Huntington. "Language of Jurisprudence," in Ruth N. Anshen (ed.), Language: An Enquiry Into Its Meaning and Function. N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, 1957, at 232-69.

Cantor, Nathaniel. "Law and the Social Sciences," 16 A .B.A .]. 385 (1930). Chafee, Zechariah. "The Disorderly Conduct of Words," 41 Col. L. Rev.

381 (1941),20 Can. B. Rev. 752 (1942). Clark, Charles E. "Jerome N. Frank," 66 Yale L. J. 817 (1957). Cohen, Felix S. Book Review of Law and the Modern Mind, 17 A.B.A.].

111 (1931). --. "Modem Ethics and the Law," 4 Brooklyn L. Rev. 33 (1934). --. "Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach," 35

Col. L. Rev. 809 (1935), 2 ETC.: A Rev. ot Gen. Semantics 82 (winter, 1944-1945).

--. "The Problem of a Functional Jurisprudence," 1 Mod. L. Rev. 5 (1937).

--. "Field Theory and Judicial Logic," 59 Yale L. J. 238 (1950). "Jurisprudential Symposium in Memory of Felix S. Cohen," 9 Rutgers L.

Rev. 343-475 (1954). Various articles. Cohen, Morris R. "Legal Theories and Social Science," 38 Proc. N. Y. Bar

Ass'n 177 (1915). 25 Int'l J. Ethics 469 (1915). --. "Change and Fixity in the Law," Book Review of Law and the

Modern Mind, 133 Nation 259 (1931). --. Book Review of E. S. Robinson, Law and the Lawyers, 22 Cornell

L. Q. 171 (1936). --. "On Absolutisms in Legal Thought," 84 U. Pa. L. Rev. 681 (1936). --. "A Critical Sketch of Legal Philosophy in America," in Law: A

Century ot Progress, I83S-I93S. N.Y.: New York Univ. Press, 1937, vol. II, at 266-319.

Corbin, Arthur L. "The Law and the Judges," 3 Yale Rev. 234 (new series, 1914).

Corwin, Edward S. "The 'Higher Law' Background of American Consti­tutionalLaw," 42 Harv. L. Rev. 149,365 (1928-1929); repro in Selected Essays in Constitutional Law. Chicago: The Foundation Press, 1938, vol. I, at 1-67.

--. "The Debt of American Constitutional Law to Natural Law Concepts," 25 Notre Dame Law. 258 (1950).

--. "The Impact of the Idea of Evolution on the American Political and Constitutional Tradition," chap. V in Stow Persons (ed.), Evolutionary Thought in America. N.Y.: George Braziller, Inc., 1956, at 182-202.

Cowan, Thomas A. "Legal Pragmatism and Beyond, ' chap. VII in Paul Sayre (ed.), Interpretations ot Modern Legal Philosophies (1947), at 130-42.

--. "The Relation of Law to Experimental Social SCience," 96 U. Pa. L. Rev. 484 (1948).

"'The Cult of the Robe': Two Concepts of Our Court," 32 A.B.A.]. 564 (1946).

Cushman, Robert E. "'Clear and Present Danger' in Free Speech Cases: A Study in Judicial Semantics," in Milton R. Konvitz and Arthur E. Murphy (eds.), Essays in Political Theory: Presented to GeorgeH. Sabine. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1948, at 311-24.

Daly, Charles B. General Semantics and the Rule ot Stare Decisis as Re-

168 THE LEGAL REALISM OF JEROME N. FRANK

gards the Supreme Court of the United States Since I937. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1953. (Available on microfilm) .

Davis, Elmer. "Keep the Home Fires Burning," Book Review of Frank, Save America First, 18 Sat. Rev. of Lit., June 18, 1938, at 5.

Davis, Sidney M. "Jerome Frank - Portrait of a Personality," 24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 627 (1957).

Day, Jack G. Gestalt Psychology and the judicial Process. Unpublished Master's thesis, The Ohio State University, 1940.

Derham, David. "Judge Jerome Frank: An Australian Note of Appre-ciation,24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 643 (1957).

Dewey, John. "Logical Method and Law," 10 Cornell L. Q. 17 (1924). Douglas, William O. "Jerome N. Frank," 10 j. Legal Ed. 1 (1957). --. "Jerome N. Frank," 24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 626 (1957). Finkelstein, Maurice. "judicial Self-Limitation," 37 Harv. L. Rev. 338

( 1924). --. "Further Notes on Judicial Self-Limitation," 39 Harv. L. Rev. 221

(1925). Fishman, JoshuaA. and RudolphE. Morris (eds.). "Witnesses and Testi­

mony at Trials and Hearings," 13 j. Soc. Issues, No.2, 1957. Entire issue.

Jerome N. Frank, Memorial Issue, Yale Law journal, Vol. 66, No.6, May 1957, pp. 817-32.

Jerome N. Frank, Memorial Issue, University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 24, No.4, summer 1957, pp. 625-708, 769-83.

jerome N. Frank, I889-I957, Addresses delivered at the joint special meeting of the New York County Lawyers' Association and The Association of the Bar of the City of New York, New York City, May 23, 1957, 30 pp.

Frank, Lawrence K. "An InstitutionalAnalysis of the Law," 24 Col. L. Rev. 480 (1924).

Frankfurter, Felix. "Mr Justice Holmes and the Constitution," 41 Harv. L.Rev.121 (1927).

--. "Some Observations on the Nature of the Judicial Process of Supreme Court Litigation," 98 Proc. Am. Phi/os. Soc'y 233 (Aug. 16, 1954); repro in adaptation form as "The Job of a Supreme Court Justice," The New York Times Magazine, Nov. 28, 1954, at 14.

--. "john Marshall and the Judicial Function," 69 Harv. L. Rev. 217 (1955).

--. "The Supreme Court in the Mirror of Justices," 105 U. Pa. L. Rev. 781 ( 1 957). First Owen J. Roberts Memorial Lecture at the University of Pennsylvania Law School.

--. "Jerome N. Frank," 24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 624 (1957). Fuller, Lon L. "Legal Fictions," 25 Ill. L. Rev. 363, 513, 877 (1930-1931). --. "American Legal Realism," 82 U. Pa. L. Rev. 429 (1934). --. "American Legal Philosophy at Mid-Century," 6 J. Legal Ed. 457

(1954). --. "Positivism and Fidelity to Law - A Reply to Professor Hart,"

71 Harv. L. Rev. 630 (1958). An answer to Herbert L. A. Hart, "Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals," 71 Harv. L. Rev. 593 (1958).

GENERAL WORKS USED IN THIS STUDY 169

Gabriel, Ralph. Book Review of Frank, Fate and Freedom, 59 Harv. L. Rev. 633 (1946).

Goodman, Louis E. "In Defense of Our Jury System," 127 Colliers, April 21,1951, at 24.

Goodhart, Arthur L. "Determining the Ratio Decidendi of a Case," 40 Yale L. J. 161 (1930), repro in his Essays in jurisprudence and the Common Law. N.Y.: Macmillan, 1931, at 1-26.

Green, Leon, "The Regenerative Process in Law," 33 Ind. L. j. 166 (1958). Greenberg, Jack. "Social Scientists TaketheStand:AReviewandApprais­

alof Their Testimony in Litigation," 54 Mich. L. Rev. 953 (1956). Griziotti, Benvenuto. "The Principle of Realism in American and Modern

European Jurisprudence," 18 La. L. Rev. 1 (1957). Haines, Charles G. "General Observations on the Effects of Personal,

Political, and Economic Influences in the Decisions of Judges," 17 Ill. L. Rev. 96 (1922).

Hall, Jerome. "Intcgrative Jurisprudence," chap. XIV in Paul Sayre (ed.), Interpretations of Modern Legal Philosophies (1947), at 313-31.

--. "Unification of Political and Legal Theory," 69 Pol. Sci. Q. 15 (1954). --. "Psychiatry and Criminal Responsibility," 65 Yale L. J. 761 (1957). --. "Mental Disease and Criminal Responsibility - M'Naghten Versus

Durham and the American Law Institute's Tentative Draft," 33 Ind. L. j. 212 (1958).

--. "The Present Position of Jurisprudence in the United States," 44 Va. L. Rev. 321 (1958).

--. "Reason and Reality in Jurisprudence," 7 Buffalo L. Rev. 351 (1958). Hallowell, John H. "Politics and Ethics," 38 Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 639 (1944). Hamilton, Walton H. "The Legalism of Law," Book Review of Law and the

Modern Mind, 65 New Republic 277 (1931). --. "The Great Tradition - Jerome Frank," 66 Yale L. J. 821 (1957). Hand, Learned. "The Deficiencies of Trials to Reach the Heart of the

Matter," Bar Ass'n of the City of N.Y, 3 Lectures on Legal TOPics 89 (1926).

Hartz, Louis. "Goals For Political Science: A Discussion," 45 Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 1001 (1951).

Hofstadter, Richard. Book Review of Frank, Fate and Freedom, New York Times Book Review, July 8, 1945, at 5.

Holcombe, Arthur N. Book Review of Fate and Freedom, 40 Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 356 (1946).

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. "The Path of the Law," 10 Harv. L. Rev. 457 (1897).

Horvath, Barna. "Between Legal Realism and Idealism," 48 Nw. U. L. Rev. 693 (1954).

--. "Field Law and Law Field," 8 Osterr. Zeitschr. f. offentl. Recht 44 (1957).

Hutcheson, Joseph C. Jr. "The Judgment Intuitive: The Function of the 'Hunch' in Judicial Decisions," 14 Cornell L. Q. 274 (1929).

--. "Lawyer's Law,and the Little, Small Dice," 7 TulaneL. Rev. 1 (1932). --. "Law and the Lawyer - 'Then' and 'Now,'" 8 Baylor L. Rev. 26

(1956). Hutchins, Robert M. "Legal Education," 4 U. Chi. L. Rev. 357 (1937). "Integrating Law and Other Learned Professions; A Symposium," 32

Va. L. Rev. 695 (1946).

170 THE LEGAL REALISM OF JEROME N. FRANK

Kantorowicz. Hermann. "Some Rationalism About Realism," 43 Yale L. J. 1240 (1934).

Kaplan, Benjamin. "The Lawyer's Role in Modem Society; A Round Table," 4 J. Pub. L. 1,31 (1955).

Kessler, Friedrich. "Jerome N. Frank (1889-1957)," a memorial tribute in 2 Natural L. Forum 1 (1957).

Keyserling, Leon H. "Social Objectives in Legal Education," 33 Col. L. Rev. 437 (1933).

Knox, John C. "Just Justice," 216 Sat. Eve. Post, July 24, 1943, at 22. Koffka, Kurt. "Gestalt," in 6 Encyc. Soc. Sci. 642 (1931). Konvitz, Milton R. Book Review of It Men Were Angels, 56 Harv. L. Rev.

1020 (1943). Kurland, Philip B. "Jerome N. Frank: Some Reflections and Recol­

lections of a Law Clerk," 24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 661 (1957). "The Language of Law: A Symposium," 9 Western Res. L. Rev. 115-98

(1958). Various articles. Lasswell, Harold D. "Self-Analysis and Judicial Thinking," 40 Int'l J.

Ethics 354 (1930). Lasswell, Harold D. "Impact of Psychoanalytic Thinking on the Social

Sciences," in Leonard D. White (ed.), The State of the Social Sciences. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1956, at 84-115.

"Legal Philosophy," 44 Va. L. Rev. 315-439 (1958). Various articles. Lehman Milton. "The Rosenberg Case: Judge Kaufman's Two Terrible

Years," 226 Sat. Eve. Post, Aug. 8, 1953, at 20. Levin, A. J. "Maine, McLennan, and Freud," II Psychiatry 177 (1948). Lewis, William Draper. "The Social Sciences as the Basis of Legal Edu­

cation," 61 U. Pa. L. Rev. 531 (1913). Lins, Mario. "The Sociological Foundations of Law," paper presented at

the 15th International Congress of Sociology, Istanbul, Sept. 11-17, 1952. 10 pp.

--. "Search For the Functional Invariants of Law," essay privately printed. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1955. 32 pp.

Llewellyn, Karl N. "A Realistic Jurisprudence - The Next Step," 30 Col. L. Rev. 431 (1930).

--. (with Mortimer J. Adler and Walter W. Cook) Symposium on Law and the Modern Mind, 31 Col. L. Rev. 82 (1931).

--. "Legal Tradition and Social Science Method - A Realist's Critique," in Committee on Training, Brookings Institution, Essays on Research in the Social Sciences. Washington, D. C.: The Brookings Institution, 1931, at 89-120.

--. "Some Realism About Realism - Responding to Dean Pound," 44 Harv. L. Rev. 1222 (1931). Frank helped in the writing of this article, but would not jointly sign it.

--. "On Philosophy in American Law," 82 U. Pa. L. Rev. 205 (1934). --. "The Normative, the Legal, and the Law-Jobs: The Problem of

Juristic Method," 49 Yale L. J. 1355 (1940). --. "On Reading and Using the New Jurisprudence," 26 A.B.A.]. 300,

418 (1940), 40 Col. L. Rev. 581 (1940). --. "How Appellate Courts Decide Cases," 16Pa.Bar Ass'n Q. 220 (1945) --. "Law and the Social Sciences - Especially Sociology," 62 Harv.

L. Rev. 1286 (1949). L6pez de Onate, Flavio. La certezza del diritto (Rome, 1950).

GENERAL WORKS USED IN THIS STUDY 171

Loevinger, Lee. "Jurimetrics - The Next Step Forward," 33 Minn. L. Rev. 455 (1949).

--. "The Semantics of Justice," Book Review of Frank, Courts on Trial, 8 ETC.: A Rev. of Gen. Semantics 34 (1950).

--. "An Introduction to Legal Logic," 27 Ind. L. J. 471 (1951). --. "Dogmatism and Skepticism in Law," 38 Minn. L. Rev. 191 (1954). --. "Facts, Evidence and Legal Proof," 9 Western Res. L. Rev. 154

(1958). Lucey, Francis E. "Natural Law and American Legal Realism: Their

Respective Contributions to a Theory of Law in a Democratic Society," 30 Geo. L. J. 493 (1942).

MacLeish, Archibald. On "Law Study and General Education," in Harold J. Berman, On The Teaching of Law in the Liberal Arts Curriculum (1956), at 18-20. (Discussion of law and poetry from the point of view of human experience).

Malan, G. H. T. "The Behavioristic Basis of the Science of Law," 8 A.B.A.]. 737 (1922), 9 A.B.A.]. 43 (1923).

Mansfield, Harvey C. An Appraisal of John Dickinson's [book] Adminis­trative Justice and the Supremacy of Law. N.Y.: Committee on Ap­praisal of Research, Social Science Research Council, July, 1941. 129 pp. (Especially pp. 11-13, 67-73).

--. "The Uses of History," 11 Pub. Admin. Rev. 51 (1951). McCarter, Charles C. "The Jury System: A Twentieth Century View,"

4 Kan. L. Rev. 425 (1956). McDougal, Myres S. "The Law School of the Future: From Legal Realism

to Policy Science in the World Community," 56 Yale L.]. 1345 (1947). McWhinney, Edward. "Judge Jerome Frank and Legal Realism: An

Appraisal," 3 N.Y.L. Forum 113 (1957). --. "A Legal Realist and a Humanist - Cross-Currents in the Legal

Philosophy of Judge Jerome Frank," Book Review of Not Guilty, 33 Ind.L.]. 111 (1957).

--. "The Great Debate: Activism and Self-Restraint and Current Dilemmas In Judicial Policy-Making," 33 N. Y.U.L. Rev. 775 (1958).

Mechem, Philip. "The Jurisprudence of Despair," 21 Iowa L. Rev. 669 (1936).

Moore, Barrington Jr. "The New Scholasticism and the Study of Values," 6 World Politics 122 (1953).

Morgan, Edmund M. Book Review of Courts on Trial, 3 ]. Legal Ed. 385 (1950).

Oliphant, Herman. "A Return to Stare Decisis," 14 A.B.A.]. 71, 159 (1928), 1928 Proc. Ass'n Amer. L. Sch. 76 (1928), 6 Am. L. School Rev. 215 (1928).

--. (with Abram Hewitt) Introduction to Jacques Rueff, From the Physical to the Social Sciences. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1929.

--. "Facts, Opinions and Value Judgments," 10 Texas L. Rev. 127( 1932). --. "The Public and the Law; The Three Major Criticisms of the Law

and Their Validity," 18 A.B.A.]. 787 (1932), 19 A.B.A.]. 46 (1933). Patterson, Edwin W. "Some Reflections on Sociological Jurisprudence,"

44 Va. L. Rev. 395 (1958). Paul, Julius. "The Sociology of Japanese Relocation," Review, 7 ETC.:

A Rev. of Gen. Semantics 222 (1950).

172 THE LEGAL REALISM OF JEROME N. FRANK

--. "Concerning Value-Judgments in Political Science." Paper delivered at the first conference of the International Society For General Semantics, University of Chicago, June 22, 1951.

--. "Language and the 'Law': Jurisprudence and Some First Principles of General Semantics." Paper delivered at the second conference of the International Society For General Semantics, Washington University (St. Louis), June 11,1954. Repr. in expanded form under the same title in 62 Dick. L. Rev. 227 (1958).

Pound, Roscoe. "The Call For a Realist Jurisprudence," 44 Harv. L. Rev. 697 (1931).

--. "Jurisprudence," in 8 Encyc. Soc. Sci. 477 (1932). --. "Fifty Years of Jurisprudence," (IV - Realist Schools), 51 Ha'YV. L.

Rev. 777 (1938). --. "The Rule of Law and the Social Welfare State," 7 Vand. L. Rev. 1

(1953). --. "The Lawyer as a Social Engineer," 3 ]. Pub. L. 292 (1954), in

"Law and Medicine - A Symposium." --. "The Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction With the Administration of

Justice," 8 Baylor L. Rev. 1 (1956). Repr. with a new introduction to his 1906 address, which was published in 40 Am. L. Rev. 729 (1906).

Probert, Walter. "Why Not Teach 'Semantics' in Law School?" 10 J. Legal Ed. 208 (1957).

--. Law and General Semantics. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation submitted for the J.S.D., Yale Law School, 1957. Available on micro­film.

Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. "Law - Primitive," in 9 Encyc. Soc. Sci. 202 (1933), repro in his Structure and Function in Primitive Society. London: Cohen & West. Ltd., 1952, at 212-19.

Radin, Max. "Correlation," 29 Col. L. Rev. 901 (1929). --. "Legal Realism," 31 Col. L. Rev. 824 (1931). Reston, James. "A Sociological Decision; Court Founded Its Segregation

Ruling on Hearts and Minds Rather Than Laws," New York Times, May 18, 1954, at 14.

Rheinstein, Max. "Sociology of Law. Apropos Moll's Translation of Eugen Ehrlich's Grundlegung Der Soziologie Des Rechts," 48 Int'l J. Ethics 232 (1938).

--. "Who Watches the Watchmen?" Chap. XXIX in Paul Sayre (ed.), Interpretations of Modern Legal Philosophies (1947), at 589-610.

Riesman, David. "Law and Social Science: A Report on Michael and Wechsler's Classbook on Criminal Law and Administration," 50 Yale L.]. 636 (1941).

--. "Tensions, Optimism, and the Social Scientist," 13 Psychiatry 518 (1950).

--. "Toward an Anthropological Science of Law and the Legal Pro­fession," 57 Am. J. Soc. 121 (1951).

--. "Some Observations on Law and Psychology," 19 U. Chi. L. Rev. 30 (1951).

--. "Law and Sociology: Recruitment, Training and Colleagueship," 9 Stan. L. Rev. 643 (1957).

Roberts, Owen J. Book Review of Courts on Trial, 98 U. Pa. L. Rev. 447 (1950).

Rodell, Fred. Book Review of Courts on Trial, 25 Ind. L.]. 114 (1949).

GENERAL WORKS USED IN THIS STUDY 173

Ross, Ali. "Til-Til," 70 Harv. L. Rev. 812 (1957). --. "Legal Norms and Norms of Chess," 80sterr. Zeitschr. I. ollentl.

Recht 477 (1958). Rossiter, Clinton. "Political Science 1 and Political Indoctrination," 42

Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 542 (1948); reply to Hartz's answer to this article appeared in 46 Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 505 (1952).

Rostow, Eugene V. "Jerome N. Frank," 66 Yale L. J. 819 (1957). Sabine, George H. "The Pragmatic Approach to Politics," 24 Am. Pol.

Sci. Rev. 865 (1930). Sandburg, Carl. "The People, Yes" in his Complete Poems. N.Y.: Harcourt,

Brace, 1950, at 551-52, 555-59. Sayre, Paul, "Value Judgments and the Law," 37 IowaL. Rev. 451 (1952). --. "Normative Elements in the Law," 38 Iowa L. Rev. 44 (1952). --. "Law in Action," 39 Iowa L. Rev. 63 (1953). --. "An Ethical Approach to Legal Philosophy," 7 J. Legal Ed. 369

(1955). --. "Law and Power," 17 La. L. Rev. 756 (1957). Schroeder, Theodore. "The Psychologic Study of Judicial Opinions," 6

Calif. L. Rev. 89 (1918). Schuett, John T. "A Study of the Legal Philosophy of Jerome N. Frank,"

35 U. Det. L. J. 28 (1957). Sharp, Malcolm P. "Realism and Natural Law," 24 U. Chi. L. Rev. 648

(1957). Shepard, Walter J. "Democracy in Transition," 29 Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 1

(1953). Silving, Helen. "The Twilight Zone of Positive and Natural Law," 43

Calif. L. Rev. 477 (1955). Smollar, Hyman. "A Lawyer Looks at Psychiatry and the Law," editorial

note in 17 Psychiatry 391 (1954). Stone, Julius. Book Review of Courts on Trial, 63 Harv. L. Rev. 1466

(1950). Thompson, Laura. "Operational Anthropology as an Emergent Disci­

pline," 8 ETC.: A Rev. 01 Gen. Semantics 117 (1951). Traynor, Roger J. "Fact Skepticism and the Judicial Process," 106 U.

Pa. L. Rev. 635 (1958). Trebach, Arnold S. "The Indigent Defendant," 11 Rutgers L. Rev. 487

(1957). --. "A Modem Defender System for New Jersey," 12 Rutgers L. Rev.

289 (1957). Vanderbilt, Arthur T. Book Review of Lloyd P. Stryker, The Art 01

Advocacy; A Plea For the Renaissance 01 the Trial Lawyer, New York Times Book Review, Mar. 28, 1954, at 3.

--. "Impasses in Justice," 1956 Wash. U. L.Q. 267 (1956). --. "Judges and Jurors: Their Functions, Qualifications and Selection,"

36 B.U.L. Rev. 1 (1956). Waldo, Dwight. "Graham Wallas: Reason and Emotion in Social Change,"

7 J. Soc. Phi/os. & Juris. 142 (1942). --. "Administrative Theory in the United States: A Survey and

Prospect," 2 Pol. Studies 70 (1954). Walter, Eugene V. The Idea 01 Justice in Sociological Jurisprudence.

Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1953. Available on microfilm.

174 GENERAL WORKS USED IN THIS STUDY

Weber, Max. "Bureaucracy and Law," in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, ed. and transl. by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. N. Y.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1946, at 216-21.

West, Ranyard. "A Psychological Theory of Law and International Law, 33 British J. Psychology (Gen. Sec.) 93 (1942).

--. "A Psychological Theory of Law," chap. XXXVI in Paul Sayre (ed.), Interpretations of Modern Legal Philosophies (1947), at 767-87.

--. "The Importance of Modem Psychiatry to the Lawyer," 14 Ohio St. L.J. 138 (1953).

Williams, Glanville. "Language and the Law," 61 L.Q. Rev. 71, 179,293, 384 (1945),62 do. 387 (1946).

Wormuth, Francis D. "Aristotle on Law," in Milton R. Konvitz and Arthur E. Murphy (eds.), Essays in Political Theory: Presented to George H. Sabine (1948), at 45-61.

Wright, Charles A. Book Review of Alistair Cooke, A Generation on Trial, 35 Minn. L. Rev. 228 (1951).

Wu, John C. H. "Jurisprudence as a Cultural Study," 33 U. Det. L. ].277 (1956).

Wyzanski, Charles E. Jr. "A Trial Judge's Freedom and Responsibility," 190 Atlantic Monthly, July 1952, at 55; 65 Harv. L. Rev. 1281 (1952).

--. "The Democracy of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes," 7 Vand. L. Rev. 311 (1954).

--. "Process and Pattern: The Search For Standards In the Law," 30 Ind. L.J. 133 (1955).

--. "Law and Social Change in a Democratic Society," in Law and Society: A Symposium, 1956 U. Ill. L. Forum 220 (1956).

Yankwich, Leon R. "The Art of Being a Judge," 105 U. Pa. L. Rev. 374 (1957).

--. "Crystallization of Issues by Pretrial: A Judge's View," 58 Col. L. Rev. 470 (1958).

Index

Adler, Mortimer J.: on Frank, 36n Anthropology: and the study of law,

22,112-14 Arnold, Thurman W.: quoted, 14, 48;

answer to Mechem, 136; quoted, on Fate and Freedom, 140n

Aronson, Moses J.: quoted, on soci­ological jurisprudence, 20n; quoted, on legal realism, 27n

Aumann, Francis R.: quoted, on the impact of technology, 15n; quoted, on the legal realists and purpose, 145n

Beale, Joseph H.: and "Bealism," 37; Frank's attack on, 38--39

Behavioristic jurisprudence. See Juris­prudence, psychological

Bingham, Joseph W.: quoted, on definition of law, 4

Bodenheimer, Edgar: criticism of legal realism, 142-43

Bok, Curtis: on the jury system, 101 Bridgman, Percy W.: quoted, on

scientific method, 146n

Cahn, Edmond N.: on change in Frank's philosophy, 124n; quoted, on skepticism, 128n; on Frank's religion, 149; on Frank's contri­bution, 150

Cardozo, Benjamin N.: quoted, 4; criticism of, by Frank, 81; on first principles, 85; 1932 N.Y. State Bar Association Speech, 131

Clark, Charles E.: quoted, on Frank's personality, 121n

Cohen, Felix S. : quoted, on functional approach, 65n; quoted, on Law and tke Modern Mind, 123n; criticism of legal realism, 133. See also Values

Cohen, Morris R.: quoted, 14; on Frank's use of psychology, 63n, 64n; quoted, on Law and tke Mo­dern Mind, 122n; criticism of legal realism, 147-48

Commager, Henry S.: quoted, on re­volt against mechanistic doctrines in law, 17n

Cowan, Thomas A.: quoted, on legal pragmatism, 16n

Davis, Elmer: on Frank's writing technique, 134

Dewey, John: on the assault on logic and syllogistic reasoning, 18

Dickinson, John: criticism of, by Frank, 39; quoted, on nihilism in law, 92n; on legal education, 116n

Ehrlich, Eugen: on value judgments, 83n; on a science of law, 132n; on legal ideals, 145

"Fact"; and the problem of "value," 143--45. See also Values

Facts: search for objective, 74; and judicial fact-finding, 75. See also Judges

Fact-skepticism: and tort law, ix-x; and Cardozo's views, 131. See also Rule-skepticism; Legal certainty; Legal rules

Frank, Jerome N.: influence of, vii­viii, x-xi; as provocateur in Amer­ican jurisprudence, 5-6, 46--49, 150; biographical sketch of, 8-10; as trail blazer in American law, 29-30; and the realist-nominalist con­troversy, 36n, 132; as jurist, 48-49, 153-54; on procedural reform, 86; on the "fight theory" of the court

176 INDEX

room, 87; definition of science, 114n; contributions of, 119-20; and ele­ments of philosophy of law, 121-24; and legal "axioms," 124-26; and proposed reforms, 126-28; and the belief in the "non-absolute," 135; on legal certainty, 138-39; on Aristotle and equity, 137; on natural law, 136-37n; and force, 139; on the scientific method, 144n; as legal philosopher, 148-50

Frankfurter, Felix: quoted, on Frank's iconoclasm, 149n

Fuller, Lon L.: on philosophical ex­orcism, 65; on legal realism, 132-33

Green, Leon: on fact-skepticism and tort law, vii-xi

Gurvitch, Georges: on the sociology of law, and legal realism, 64n

Hamilton, Walton H.: quoted, on Law and the Modern Mind, 129n; on Frank, 150n

Holmes, Oliver W.: quoted, 4; and legal positivism, 16-18; quoted, on cynical acid, 29n; as prototype of Frank's adult jurist, 90; and Frank's contribution to American legal re­alism, 119-21

Hutcheson, Joseph C.: on the judicial "hunch," 79

Hutchins, Robert N.: on legal edu­cation, 110

Judges: self-awareness of, 42, 88-91 Judicial "hunch," 78-80, 88 Jurisprudence: sociological, 18-21;

psychological, 23-25; realistic, 28; contributions of psychological, 112; definition of, 148-49. See also Legal realism

Jury, trial by, 95-101; and usurpation of power of judges, 95-96; defects of, 98-99; suggested reform of, 99-101; and conviction of innocent men, 101-103; verdicts and Cadi-justice, 104-105

Kantorowicz, Hermann: criticism of legal realism, 143

Knox, John C.: quoted, on pre-trial investigation, 98n; on perjury in jury trials, 98

Langdell, Christopher Columbus: attack by Frank on, 37, 106-107

Lasswell, Harold D.: quoted, on free-

phantasy technique, 25n; and legal education, 110

Lawyer: task of, 73 Legal certainty: myth of, 33-38; and

rule-fetichism, 39, 57; and codi­fication, 39-40; and religion, 41; Frank's attack on, 49

Legal education, 106-111; and Lang­dell's approach, 107; and lawyer internships, 108; improvement of, 108-111; and the case method, 108; and the inter-disciplinary approach, 111-112; and special training for trial-court judges, 115

Legal positivism. See Oliver Wendell Holmes

Legal realism; and the Scandinavian school, 120n; criticism of, 129-30; contribution of, 139-40

Legal rules: Frank's view of, 33-49 passim, 132; existence of, 36; as guides to future decisions, 37, 71-72. See also Legal certainty

Legal semantics, 36, 38 Lewis, William Draper: on legal edu­

cation, III Llewellyn, Karl N. : quoted, on period

1870-1900, 15n; quoted, on psycho­analytical theory, 26n; on behavior, 60-61 ; on the inter-disciplinary approach, 111-112; and The Bram­ble Bush, 140-41; on the "is" and the "ought," 145-56

Loevinger, Lee: criticism of Frank, 135-36

Mansfield, Harvey C.: quoted, on Frank's attack on Dickinson, 39n

McWhinney, Edward: on Frank as jurist, 48-49; on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 120n

Methodology, 7-8; and the study of law, 28-30; and tools of analysis, 63-65; and use of psychological tools by Frank, 63-67 passim; on "validity" of psychological tools, 67; and value judgments, 145-47

Morgan, Edmund M.: on Jerome Frank, 134-35

Objectivity: of Judges, 86-87. See also Facts; Judges

Patterson, Edwin W.: quoted, on Roscoe Pound, 19n

Pound, Roscoe: and sociological juris­prudence, 18-21; quoted, on pro­blem of "ought," 19n; on historical

INDEX 177

school, 20n; on sociological juris­prudence, 21n; on new realism, 24n; on "executive justice," 45; on psychological method, 61n; on the use of psychology in the study of law, 62

Pragmatism, 15, 16n; and positivism, 17; in sociological jurisprudence, 19n; in Pound's philosophy of law, 20-21; and politics, quoted in Sabi­ne, 23n; and "experimental juris­prudence" in Frank, 28; and Frank's "temporary absolutes," 44; and free judicial decisions, 45; and American legal realism, 119,130; and Frank's "possibilism," 129; and legal prag­matists, 137; and the use of values in Frank's philosophy of law, 149

Probabilities: and father-authority, 43; and "temporary absolutes," 44-45; and problem of certainty, 128-29

Psychological jurisprudence. See Juris­prudence, psychological; Psycho­logy, and law

Psychology: and law, 23-25; Jerome Frank's use of, 53-56; as therapy, 59; and Llewellyn's definition of behavior, 60-61; and psychiatry, 61-62; and the study of the beha­vior of judges, 62. See also J uris­prudence, psychological

Radin, Max: quoted, on law and the good society, 40n; 140

Reuschlein, Harold G.: quoted, on legal positivism, 17n; quoted, on sociological jurisprudence, 19n

Rheinstein, Max: quoted, on myth of legal rules, 27n; on the New J uris­prudence, 82-83n

"Robe-ism", 89. See also Judges

Rodell, Fred: on judicial fact-finding, 77; on Frank as "compleat man," 123

Rule-skepticism: and fact-skepticism, 81-83. See also Legal certainty; Legal rules

Schroeder, Theodore: quoted, on psychoanalytical principles and law, 25n; Frank's comments on, 75; 112

Sabine, George H.: quoted, on prag­matic tradition, 23n

Science of law, 131-32; view of Eugen Ehrlich on, 132n

Seagle, William: on legal realism, 141 Shepard, Walter J.: quoted, 6n Skepticism, 58, 130, 148 Sociological jurisprudence. See Roscoe

Pound Stason, E. Blythe: quoted, on the

Frank-Pound controversy, 140n Stone,J ulius :on Frank's early writings,

37n; on the role of the judge, 85; on Courts on Trial, 124n; on the "is" and the "ought," 144-45

Upper-court myth, 84-86. See also Judges

Values: problem of, 19n; importance of, 27; problem of "fact" and "value," 30, 143-50 passim; and view of Felix S. Cohen, 65; and metaphysical questions, 90-92; in law school curriculum, 109-110

Vanderbilt, Arthur T.: on advocacy, 87

Weber, Max: quoted, on Cadi-justice, 105n; and legal ideals, 145

West, Ranyard: on the use of psycho­logy in law, 60, 61, 63

Wyzanski, Charles Jr.: on the use of special verdicts, 100

and which his ideas, to a certain extent, have helped to shape. The primary source-materials for this study consist of Jerome Frank's pub­lished writings on law and politics and the criticism of his works by prominent men in the field of American juris­prudence. It gives a fascinating insight into one of the important facets of a "many-splendored" personality, per­haps the best and most forceful example of the happy combination of a man of ideas and action in the recent history of American legal thought.

Biographical notes "" ]WIJ1'M New FraM

Bom in New York City, September 10, 1889_

Attended Hyde Park High School, Chicago - Degree

Ph. B., University of Chicago, 1909 - Degree

Doctor of Jurisprudence, University of Chicago

Law School, 1912 - Admitted to the Illinois Bar,

1912 - Lecturer at the New School for Social

Research, New York - Research associate at the

Yale Law School, 1932 - General counsel for the

Agricultural Adjustment Administration, 1933 -

General counsel for the Federal Surplus Relief

Corporation - Special counsel for the Reconatruc>

tion Finance Corporation and for the P. W. A.,

1935 - Commissioner on the Securities and Ex­

change Commission, 1937 - Chairman of the

S. E. C., 1939 - Judge of the United States Circuit

Court of Appeals for the second circuit, 1941-

1957 - Visiting Lecturer at the New School for

Social Research, 1946-1947 - Visiting Lecturer in

Law at the Yale Law School, 1946-1957 - Deceased

January 13, 1957.