9/19

Do Now: When did the first humans develop (appear on the Earth)?

Aim: What led to the development of civilization? What are the characteristics of a civilization?

Objectives: You will be able to…•Explain the causes and effects of the Agricultural Revolution •Identify the characteristics of a civilization •Identify where the first civilizations developed

Agenda: Early Humans and Agricultural Revolution ReviewBegin “The Strength of the Strong”

Homework: Finish Agricultural Revolution questions

Chapter 2: The Development of the World Today

How has human civilization developed and progressed over

time?

An Abbreviated Timeline of Life on Earth

• 4.5 billion years ago- The solar system and Earth are formed

• 3.5 billion years ago- Earliest evidence of life on Earth (microbes)

• 1.2 billion years ago- Multicellular organisms develop

• 200 million years ago- Mammals develop

• 150 million years ago- Birds develop

• 2.5 million years ago- Appearance of Homo genus (early humans)

• 200,000 years ago- Homo sapiens develop

• 8,000 years ago- First “cities” develop

• 2,200 years ago- First city of 1 million

• Today- Largest city estimated to have 23 million people

Stone Age Humans

• Nomadic hunter-gathers

• Ability to think allowed them to make many accomplishments– Examples?

• Modern humans (homo sapiens) developed 250,000 years ago

The Agricultural (Neolithic) Revolution

• 10,000 years ago humans learned to farm and domesticate animals

• What caused this agricultural revolution?

• How did it change how people lived?

The Development of Civilization• The Agricultural Revolution led to the development of

permanent civilizations characterized by– Cities– Central Government (with public works)– Traditional Economy (based on farming)– Job Specialization– Social Classes– Arts and Architecture– Organized Religion– System of Writing

• Where did the first civilizations develop? Why?

The First Civilizations

Ancient Egypt

Indus River Valley

Mesopotamia

Ancient China

DECCAN PLATEAU

PLATEAU OF TIBET

Ganges River

South China Sea

The World in 2000 BCE

Key: Yellow- hunter-gatherers, Purple- nomadic pastoralists, Green- Simple farming societies, Orange- complex farming societies, Blue- complex farming states

The World in 1000 BCE

Key: Yellow- hunter-gatherers, Purple- nomadic pastoralists, Green- Simple farming societies, Orange- complex farming societies, Blue- complex farming states

The World in 500 BCE

Key: Yellow- hunter-gatherers, Purple- nomadic pastoralists, Green- Simple farming societies, Orange- complex farming societies, Blue- complex farming states, Brown- empire

Civilizations in 100 CE

Key- Dark Pink- Roman Empire, Dark Blue- Han Empire

Development of Civilizations

• Civilizations rise, fall, and redevelop (often as empires)

• Changes occur due to cultural diffusion, war, new ideas and technologies

9/24

Do Now: Complete “Shaping the Industrial World” Vocab. Matchup

Aim: What events and trends caused the emergence of the industrial world?

Objectives: You will be able to…•Define key terms related to Europe’s growth•Explain the sequence of the main events that led to the development of the modern world

Agenda: Review Do Now and Key Historical Events/TrendsWork in Groups on TimelineReview Timeline

Homework: Ch. 2 Test Thurs.

The Rise of Europe

• Civilizations rise and fall, and so different regions are powerful at different times

• 500-1500 CE: Europe in “Dark Ages” (period of decline and lack of advancement after fall of Roman Empire) with Islamic World and China as most powerful/advanced regions

• Late 1300s: Europe begins a comeback with the Renaissance

Europe’s Renaissance and Age of Exploration

• Between 1350-1600, Europe experienced the Renaissance and the development of overseas expansion – Cause- Increased trade

with other regions – Effects- Great artistic and

scientific advancements, European settlement of the Americas

2nd Agricultural Revolution

• A period in the 1700s when food production in Europe increases dramatically– Causes- new foods from

the Americas, new farming methods, new farm machines

– Effects?

Europe’s Industrial Revolution

• A period in the 1800s when Europe builds factories to mass produce goods– Causes- large force of

workers displaced from agriculture, capital earned from trade, new technology

– Effects?

The Age of Imperialism

• A period in the late 1800s and early 1900s when European nations controlled large parts of Africa and Asia– Causes- Desire to gain new markets and cheap

raw materials, advanced military technology – Effects- increased European wealth,

westernization but delayed industrialization in colonies, nationalism among colonial peoples

20th Century Wars• 1914-1918: World War I

– Influenced by rising nationalism and political competition in Europe

• 1939-1945: World War II– Influenced by rise of dictators and their attempts to

expand territory

• 1945-1990: Cold War– Political and economic struggle between

democracies/mixed economies (US) and dictatorships/command economies (Soviet Union)

9/29

Do Now: What parts of the world have the most developed economies?

Aim: What challenges face developing nations and the world as a whole today?

Objectives: You will be able to…•Explain the difference between developing and developed nations•Explain the goals of developing nations•Explain what challenges developing nations face•Examine the role of international organizations

Agenda: PPT Review of 2.3Clickers and Current Events Discussion?

Homework: Work on study guide for Ch. 2 test (Thurs.)

Review of Ch 2 “-isms” and “-izations” and the Creation of the Developing World

Industrial Revolution- Development of factories to mass produce goods-In Europe and US btwn 1750 and 1914- Caused urbanization

Imperialism-European countries controlled much of Africa & Asia in the 1800s and early 1900s for:

– Raw materials– Markets for

manufactured goods

- Causes Africa and Asia to not experience the Industrial Revolution until the mid-1900s

Westernization−European nations imposed their Western culture on their colonies in

− Language− Religion− Govt. models− Food, dress,

customs

Nationalism−Pride in one’s country and the desire to rule your own nation −Grew in colonized areas that wanted to drive foreigners out- Led to independence movts. in mid-1900s

Eventual Independence and Modernization of Colonies- When formerly colonized nations became independent, they were underdeveloped - Goals:

− Improve infrastructure− Cultural change− Diversify economy− Improve education

and services− Political stability

−But attempting to achieve these goals are costly and can create debt

GlobalizationThe increasing connection and interdependence between nations occurring now

The World Today• Developed countries- blue

– Wealthy, industrialized nations– Have developed infrastructure– Have a democratic govt. that enforces

laws, protects individual freedoms and offers basic services

• Developing countries- orange/red– Poor countries just industrializing now– Weak infrastructure– Many are former colonies– Often have problems with poverty,

corrupt governments, population growth, and urbanization

The Developing World

• Working to modernize but it costs money and puts many nations in debt

Problem Causes Goals

Weak governments

Lack of experience, artificial borders, corruption

Create political stability and governments that protect rights

Undeveloped economy

Reliance on cash crops, little industry, poor infrastructure

Diversification, building factories, improving transportation

Poverty Poor jobs, poor education systems, lack of social services, rapid urbanization

Improve schools and health care, build new housing

Developing World vs. Developed World

• Identify whether the statement describes, in general, the developing or developed world

1. Mostly former colonies in Africa and Asia2. Have advanced infrastructure 3. Have poor education and health services4. Often in debt due to efforts at modernization5. Have strong government that enforces rules and protects rights6. In the process of moving away from reliance on cash crops and

creating new industry7. Mostly countries that colonized other places in the late 1800s

and early 1900s

Global Trends

• Population growth• Urbanization• Inequality• Technological and

cultural change• Climate Change• Globalization• Others?

Interdependence in the World Today

• Interdependence is growing w/globalization• Many issues affect the world as a whole-

recession, global warming, pollution, drugs, disease, nuclear weapons, etc.

• Many international exist to address these issues-– United Nations– Regional govt. organizations (NATO, African Union,

etc.)– Non-profits (Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders,

Amnesty International, etc.)

The United Nations• Established in 1945 to preserve world peace• Headquartered in New York City• Includes almost all nations (193)• All members pay dues and get a vote in the

main decision-making body (General Assembly)

Main Missions of the UN• Peace & Security- Prevents war through

negotiation, peacekeeping operations

• Economic & Social Development- Promotes health, education, infrastructure

• Human Rights- Attempts to guarantee basic rights for all

• Humanitarian Affairs- Gives disaster relief, aid to refugees, victims of HIV/AIDS, famine, drought, flooding

• International Law- Creates rules for immigration, borders, use of waterways, prisoners’ rights, war

Challenges for the UN

• Can be affected be global conflicts (ex. Cold War)

• Difficult to make decisive action quickly– Members have different priorities and needs– Decisions require compromise

• Difficult to enlist peacekeeping forces– Nations voluntarily contribute troops– Troops work for UN, but also for their home country

Which global issue is most pressing?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

29%

12%

6%

29%

6%

12%

6%

0%

1. Climate change2. Water scarcity3. Energy4. Disease5. Nuclear weapons6. Drug trade7. Economic recession8. Human rights

What should be the main priority of the United Nations?

1 2 3 4 5

56%

0%

6%

13%

25%

1. Peace and security2. Economic and social

development3. Human Rights4. Humanitarian Affairs5. International Law

Is the United Nations the most effective way of solving global issues?

1 2

38%

63%1. Yes2. No

What role does technology play in solving the world’s problems?

1 2 3

19% 19%

63%1. It will solve more

problems than it will create

2. It will solve some problems while creating others

3. It will create more problems than it will solve

What is the future of the world like?

1 2 3

28%

44%

28%

1. It is bright. The world will continue to advance and progress.

2. It is bleak. The world problems will continue to grow and will cause human civilization to decline

3. It will be bright for some (the wealthy) and bleak for most