9.17.00 1:37 pm1 3.3 periodic table the periodic table and the elements adapted from a powerpoint by...
TRANSCRIPT
9.17.00 1:37 PM1 3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic Table and the Elements
Adapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega Garces
9.17.00 1:37 PM2 3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic Table and the ElementsWhat is the periodic table ?
What information is obtained from the table ?How can elemental properties be predicted based on the Periodic Table?
9.17.00 1:37 PM3 3.3 Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)In 1869 Mendeleev (Russia) and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known at the time. The periodic table is based on the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by various elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that each element has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is organized.
http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
9.17.00 1:37 PM4 3.3 Periodic Table
The Periodic TableA map of the building block of matter.
1IA
18VIIIA
11
H1.00797
2IIA
Periodic Table 13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2He
4.0026
23
Li6.939
4Be
9.0122
5B
10.811
6C
12.0112
7N
14.0067
8O
15.9994
9F
18.9984
10Ne
20.179
311
Na22.9898
12Mg24.305
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8 9VIIIB
10 11IB
12IIB
13Al
26.9815
14Si
28.086
15P
30.9738
16S
32.064
17Cl
35.453
18Ar
39.948
419K
39.102
20Ca40.08
21Sc
44.956
22Ti
47.90
23V
50.942
24Cr
51.996
25Mn
54.9380
26Fe
55.847
27Co
58.9332
28Ni58.71
29Cu63.54
30Zn65.37
31Ga65.37
32Ge72.59
33As
74.9216
34Se78.96
35Br
79.909
36Kr83.80
537
Rb85.47
38Sr87.62
39Y
88.905
40Zr91.22
41Nb
92.906
42Mo95.94
43Tc[99]
44Ru
101.07
45Rh
102.905
46Pd106.4
47Ag
107.870
48Cd
112.40
49In
114.82
50Sn
118.69
51Sb
121.75
52Te
127.60
53I
126.904
54Xe
131.30
655
Cs132.905
56Ba
137.34
57La
138.91
72Hf
178.49
73Ta
180.948
74W
183.85
75Re186.2
76Os190.2
77Ir
192.2
78Pt
195.09
79Au
196.967
80Hg200.59
81Tl
204.37
82Pb
207.19
83Bi
208.980
84Po[210]
85At[210]
86Rn[222]
787Fr[223]
88Ra[226]
89Ac[227]
104Ku[260]
105 106 107 108 109http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
9.17.00 1:37 PM5 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table Expanded View
The Periodic Table can be arranged by energy sub levels The s-block is Group IA and & IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is the transition metals, and the f-block are the Lanthanides and Actinide metalsThe way the periodic table usually shown is a compressed view. The Lanthanides and actinides (F block)are cut out and placed at the bottom of the table.
9.17.00 1:37 PM6 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals1
IA18
VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
MetalsNonmetals
9.17.00 1:37 PM7 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: The three broad Classes
Main, Transition, Rare EarthMain (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and
actinides (rare earth)
9.17.00 1:37 PM8 3.3 Periodic Table
Reading the Periodic Table: Classification
Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases
9.17.00 1:37 PM9 3.3 Periodic Table
Across the Periodic Table
Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (Rows 1-7)
These elements have the same number of valence shells.
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
2nd Period
6th Period
9.17.00 1:37 PM10 3.3 Periodic Table
Down the Periodic Table
Families are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)These elements have the same number of electrons in the outer most energy level , known as the valence shell.
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell
Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell
9.17.00 1:37 PM11 3.3 Periodic Table
Notable Families of the Periodic Table
Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali
Alkaline (earth)
Transition Metals
Noble GasHalogen
Chalcogens
9.17.00 1:37 PM12 3.3 Periodic Table
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Important Elements of Various Groups
Individual members of selected groups & their characteristics
H He
Li
Na
K Ca
Mg
Fe
I
Cl
F
P SSi
ONC
Al
ZnCu
Ag
Br
9.17.00 1:37 PM13 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table e- configurations are inherent in the
periodic table
B2p1
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
H1s1
Li2s1
Na3s1
K4s1
Rb5s1
Cs6s1
Fr7s1
Be2s2
Mg3s2
Ca4s2
Sr5s2
Ba6s2
Ra7s2
Sc3d1
Ti3d2
V3d3
Cr4s13d5
Mn3d5
Fe3d6
Co3d7
Ni3d8
Zn3d10
Cu4s13d10
B2p1
C2p2
N2p3
O2p4
F2p5
Ne2p6
He1s2
Al3p1
Ga4p1
In5p1
Tl6p1
Si3p2
Ge4p2
Sn5p2
Pb6p2
P3p3
As4p3
Sb5p3
Bi6p3
S3p4
Se4p4
Te5p4
Po6p4
Cl3p5
Be4p5
I5p5
At6p5
Ar3p6
Kr4p6
Xe5p6
Rn6p6
Y4d1
La5d1
Ac6d1
Cd4d10
Hg5d10
Ag5s14d10
Au6s15d10
Zr4d2
Hf5d2
Rf6d2
Nb4d3
Ta5d3
Db6d3
Mo5s14d5
W6s15d5
Sg7s16d5
Tc4d5
Re5d5
Bh6d5
Ru4d6
Os5d6
Hs6d6
Rh4d7
Ir5d7
Mt6d7
Ni4d8
Ni5d8
9.17.00 1:37 PM14 3.3 Periodic Table
Periodic Table: Electron behaviorThe periodic table can be classified by the behavior of
their electrons
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
West (South) Mid-plains East (North)METALS
AlkaliAlkaline
Transition
METALLOID NON-METALSNoble gasHalogensCalcogens
These elementstend to give up
e- and formCATIONS
These elementswill give up e- or
accept e-
These elementstend to accept
e- and formANIONS
9.17.00 1:37 PM15 3.3 Periodic Table
2. Trend in Atomic RadiusAtomic Radius:
The size of an atom is determined by the boundaries of the valence e-. Largest atomic species are those found in the lower left corner since these atoms have the largest n, but the smallest Zeff.
9.17.00 1:37 PM16 3.3 Periodic Table
3. Trends in Ionization Energy
Ionization energy:
The energy required to remove the valence electron from an atom is known as the ionization energy. Largest toward upper right corner of periodic table since these atoms hold on to their valence e- the tightest.
9.17.00 1:37 PM17 3.3 Periodic Table
4. Trend in Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity:
The energy released when an electron is added to an atom. The electron affinity is highest among the elements of the upper right corner of the periodic table (excluding the noble gases) since these atoms have a great affinity for electrons.
9.17.00 1:37 PM18 3.3 Periodic Table
Summary of TrendsPeriodic Table and Periodic Trends1. Electron Configuration
2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward lower left
3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward upper right 4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable upper right
9.17.00 1:37 PM19 3.3 Periodic Table
Summary
Periodic Table: Map of the Building blocks of matter
Types : Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
Blocks: S,P, D, and F Representative or main = S and P
Blocks Transition = D Block Lanthanide/Actanides = F Block
Families Elements in the same column have similar
or Groups: chemical properties because of similar numbers and types of valence
electrons Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Chalcogens,
Halogens, Noble gases
Periods : Elements in the same row have valence electrons in
the same energy level.