9-2

• Finish – Roanoke Lost Colony Activity (KWL)• Success Report Card• Jamestown NTK’s • Passenger List activity

The Lost Colony

• Analyzing the reading (Purpose, tone, perspective,)

• What did you learn from the reading? • What could have happened to the lost colony?(Possible theories?) • Why do you believe Roanoke was unsuccessful?• What does a colony need in order to be

successful?

Passenger List Activity

NTKs

Jamestown (1607)• First SUCCESSFUL English

colony!!!• Funded by the Virginia Company

– Joint Stock Company - Investors pooled resources to support a colony that would hopefully yield a profit, obtained by a charter, and accepted responsibility for success or failure.

• May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists (all men) land at Jamestown.– Easily defended, but swarming

with disease-causing mosquitoes.

Jamestown Nightmare• Jamestown started off rough…

– Between 1606-1607, 40 people died on the voyage to the New World.

– In 1609, another ship from England lost its leaders and supplies in a shipwreck off Bermuda.• Settlers died by the dozens!

• “Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.– Game in forests & fish in river uncaught.

• Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.

• Captain John Smith = appointed the leader of the Jamestown colony.– There was no talking, just dig gold, wash gold,

refine gold, and load gold…

Hard Times in Jamestown• Starving Time (Winter 1609)– 1609: Only 60 people survived– Adult life expectancy: 40 years• Fun Fact: Settlers dug up and ate

the recently buried. One man killed his wife, chopped and cured the meat, ate it, and then was executed…eewwww!

• In addition, settlers constantly were fighting the Native Americans– Powhatan Tribe.

Tobacco!• John Rolfe learned how to develop a

tobacco crop.– “Black Gold”– Leads to Plantation System and an

agrarian economy based on agriculture.

– Also Slavery…

• Began the Headright System – Each Virginian got 50 acres for each

person whose passage they paid.

• Used Indentured servants– Worked for 5-7 years for “freedom

dues.”

Plymouth Rock (1620)• Second SUCCESSFUL English

colony!!• Founded by the Pilgrims in 1620.

– Pilgrims were English protestants that wanted to break away from the Church of England

– Seeking religious freedom• Landed at Plymouth Rock,

Massachusetts– Wrote the Mayflower Compact – first

direct democracy• Better relationship with the Native

American tribes and over all very successful (than Jamestown)

• Between 1150-1650, England’s population increased from 3 to 5 million.

• The colonies provided an outlet and an opportunity for people who needed jobs or who lost farmland in England.

• Many of these people became indentured servants– 75-80% of English men and women who came to

Virginia/Chesapeake in the 1600s were servants– 35% of those who came to New England were servants

To Virginia To New England

Total Passengers

Ratio of Males to Females

Age Distribution0-4 (infants)5-13 (children)14-24 (young adults)25-59 (adults)60+ (elderly)Number of married passengersNumber of passengers traveling with at least one family member

Describe the “typical” English immigrant to the New

World in terms of gender, age, and marital status on

each of the ships. How does this differ on the two

ships?

What can you tell about the social background and wealth of the average passenger on each of the ships? Does one of the ships have richer passengers? What do you predict the passengers on the America will do when they arrive in Virginia?

Class Discussion

• What are the biggest differences between the two ships?

• What does this information tell you about the difference between New England and Virginia in the 1630s?

• What do you think will change once planation owners in the Chesapeake area begin replacing indentured servants with African slaves?

• Officials are collecting this information as passengers board the ship? Is the setting noisy or orderly?

• How do you explain the fact that all the passengers swore allegiance to the Church of England (we know that many immigrants were religious dissenters, like the Puritans who were escaping because of religious persecution)?

• What more do we want to know about these passengers? What information is missing?

Left Hand Side

• What can passenger lists tell us about who settled in the New World and where they settled?

• Adapted by Stanford Read Like a Historian https://sheg.stanford.edu/examining-passenger-lists