8.a lot of much many-12 pages
TRANSCRIPT
A lot of-Much/Many – a few/Few – A little/little 17
1
Complete the sentences with much, many, a lot of,
how much or how many.
6
A : I think this soup needs more flavor.
B : OK. I will add a little more salt.
1 A : How much coffee do you drink each day?
B :Not much. About two cups.
7
A : We must hurry.
B : That’s true. We have very little time.
2 A :How was John’s party?
B : Great! Everyone had a lot of fun
8
A : Poor him! He looks lonely.
B : He’s very shy and has very few friends.
3 A : How much did your jacket cost?
B : Not much . It was only ₤20. 4
Complete the text with a lot of , much or many.
4 A : How many eggs do I need to make an omelet?
B : Not many . Only two.
Courhevel is one of
France’s most famous
Ski destinations
1) a lot of rice and
famous people spend
their holidays there
every year. In fact, there
Aren’t 2) many ski resorts as nice as Courchevel!
It has 3) a lot of great restaurants, beautiful hotels
and expensive shops. But don’t worry if you don’t have
4) much money. There are 5) a lot of cheap places to
stay and eat for people who are on a budget. And rhe
skiing is fantastic. It’s perfect for both beginner and
expert skiers, because there are 6) a lot of ski paths to
choose from. Everyone loves Courchevel. Why not
come and see why!
5 A : How much pocket money do you get?
B : Not much . ₤20 per week
2 Fill in the gaps with too much or too many.
1 He’s got too many books. He doesn’t know where
to put them all.
2
3
4
5
Don’t eat too many sweet. The are bad for your
teeth.
I spent too much money this mouth. I can’t pay my
bills now.
You put too many sugar in my coffee. It’s too sweet
now.
There’s too much traffic to day. We won’t get to
work on time.
3 Fill in the gaps with (a) few or (a) little. Speaking
1
2
3
4
5
A : How much milk do you want in your coffee?
B : Only a little , please.
A : What did you do during your flight?
B : I read a few magazines and I slept for an hour
A : Is there any cake left.
B : There’s very little lift..
A : Do you speak Spanish.
B : No, I know very few words in Spanish.
A : When are you coming back?
B : Soon. I’m only going away for a few days.
In pairs, use the nouns to ask and answer
Questions about your eating/drinking habits.
Use : a lot of , (not) much/many (a) few , (a) little
juice vegetables spaghetti meat
fruit chocolate pizza coffee
A : How much juice do you drink every day / week?
B: I don’t drink much juice. I don’t a lot of water.
Writing
Use your answers from the Speaking activity to write a
paragraph about you and your partner’s eating and drinking
habits.
I drink a lot of juice, but Ben drinks a lot of water.
ดูเฉลยในส่วนท้าย
(Key to Speaking Activities)
ดูเฉลยในส่วนท้าย
(Key to Write Activities)
Exploring Grammar (Units 16-17)
Countable/Uncountable nouns-A/An- Some/Any/No/Every
1
What is a countable/uncountable noun? Read the
text. Say whether the underlined nouns are
countable or uncountable.
A countable noun is a noun that can be counted and
has singular and plural form (one dog, two dogs etc)
An uncountable noun is a noun that cannot be
counted and usually has plural form (milk, sugar etc)
countable nouns: chefs, Kitchen, people
uncountable nouns: sugar, flour, chocolate, jam
2
a) Look at the highlighted items. When do we use
a/an
We use a/an in affirmative, interrogative and negative
sentence with countable nouns in the singular. We
put a before nouns that start with a vowel. (When
there is an adjective in front of the noun we use a for
adjective which begin with a consonant and an for
adjectives which begin with a vowel.)
b) When do we use some/any/no/every and their
compounds? Which of these words can you use to
make an offer, a request? Find examples in the
text.
We use some and its compounds (someone/somebody
something and somewhere) in affirmative sentences
We use any and its compounds (anyone/anybody,
anything and anywhere) in negative and
affirmative sentences
We use no and its compounds (no one/nobody,
nothing and nowhere) in negative sentences.
We use every and its compounds
(everyone/everybody, everything and everywhere) in
affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences.
Some and its compounds can be used to make an
offer or a request
examples of some chefs, some very talented chefs
some sweets
examples of any : didn’t eat any of it (cake)
examples of every : everybody talking
examples of no : no one did
(Units 16-17) Example Grammar
C) Which compounds are used for people, things
and places?
b) How do a little /little, a few differ in meaning?
Give examples.
We use a little/little with uncountable nouns.
A little means not much , but enough e.g. There’s
a little milk in the carton
Little means hardly any/almost nothing and can go
with very for emphasis e.g. There’s (very) little sugar
We’ll have to buy some
We use a few/few with countable nouns.
A few means not many, but enough e.g. We’ve a f
ew eggs in the fridge
Few means hardly any / almost none and can go
with very for emphasis e.g. There are (very) few
shops on our street
Compounds for
people
someone / somebody anyone / anybody
no one / nobody
everyone / everybody
Compounds for
things
something anything everything
Compounds for
places
somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
3
Underline the correct item.
1 Did you go nowhere/anywhere last night? c) Circle the correct answer.
2
3
There is someone/anyone on the phone for you?
I need to buy anything/something for Tom’s birthday.
1 How much / many milk do you drink every day?
4
5
He doesn’t know anybody/somebody here.
Andy said something/anything I didn’t like.
2 There is a few / a lot of flour in the cupboard.
6
7
8
I left my glasses somewhere/anywhere in the house
I’m bored. There’s nothing/something to do here.
Everything/Something you need is on the table.
3 How many / much eggs do you need to make an
omelette?
A lot of - Much – Many – (A) Few –
(A) Little
a) Put the words/phrases in the below in the
correct box.
a lot of , much , many , (a) little, (a) few
4 There isn’t much / many coffee left. We need to buy
some.
5 We’ve got a few / a little apples. Let’s make an
apple pie.
4
6 Are you hungry? There’s a little / a few chicken left.
Countable nouns uncountable nouns
a lot of, many,
(a) few
a lot of, much,
(a) little
Fine examples in the text
for a few days, a lot of sugar,
How much, a little raspberry
a lot of fudge, How many people
Revision (Unit 1-17)
Circle the correct item.
1
cat is small …….. to fit through the fence.
A enough B too C as
14
We ……… an English lesson at the moment.
A are having B had C have
2 She …….. her grandmother every Sunday.
A call B calls C is calling
15 There are ……… people living in New York.
A a lot of B a lot C lost
3 Max ………. There cities in Italy so far.
A has visited B visited C was visiting
16 There’s very ………. Flour left. I can’t make
pancakes.
A few B a little C little
4 Can I have ……… tea, please?
A any B a few C some
17 Bill is ……. Than Jack.
A friendly B friendlier C the friendliest
5 I’m hungry. I …….. make a sandwich.
A going to B will C won’t
18 There aren’t ……….. cars on the road today.
A many B ทีแ C little
6 How ………. Did your TV cost?
A much B few C many
19 If laptops …….. cost so much, we would buy one.
A won’t B didn’t C hadn’t
7 Daniel is the ………… intelligent boy in the class.
A most B more C much
20 If you exercise, you …….. weight.
A have lost B will lose C lost
8 Angie ……… video games when I called her
yesterday.
A played B was playing C plays
21 He hasn’t finished his homework ……….
A yet B ever C just
9 There isn’t …….. sugar in the cupboard.
A some B any C a few
22 Let’s go shopping,…… we?
A shall B won’t C will
10 My brother ……… play the piano but now he
doesn’t.
A used to B didn’t use to C use to
23 ……… do they live? In Rome.
A Why B Who C Where
11 We …….. to the shopping centre twice this week.
A have been B go C went
24 We will go on a picnic ……….. it rains.
A since B if C unless
12 Does ……… know where paul is?
A anyone B someone C no one
25 Mike …….. on the computer while Lyn was reading a
book.
A is working B worked C was working
13 It’s so dark in here. I can’t see ………. .
A something B nothing C anything
Mark :
(25 x 4)
100
Can/Can’t – Could – Must/Mustn’t – Have to / 18
Don’t have to/Needn’t / Should/Ought to
Can/Can’t - Could
We use can to :
express ability in the present. He can sing very well. (He is able to.)
ask for permission. Can I use your phone? (Is it OK I use …… ?)
give permission. You can take my car tonight. (You are allowed to.)
express possibility. He can be late. (It’s possible.) Linda can play the violin
We use can’t to refuse permission. You can’t go to the cinema tonight. (Your aren’t allowed to.)
We use could to express general ability in the past.
He could play football when he was young. (He was able to; he had the ability.)
Must / Mustn’t
We use must / mustn’t to :
express obligation or duty. You must keep your room clean. (It’s your duty.)
express very strong advice. You must see the dentist about that toothache.
You must be on time for work. (I strongly advise you.) You must wear a
express prohibition. You mustn’t park here. (You aren’t allowed to ; it’s against the rules.) seatbelt when you
Ride in a car.
Have to/Don’t have to/Needn’t
We use have to to express obligation and necessity.
Philip has to wear a suit and tie to work. (He is obliged to.)
Mark broke his tooth so he has to go to the dentist. (It’s necessary.)
We use don’t/doesn’t have to/needn’t to express lack of obligation and necessity.
Chair doesn’t have to work overtime. (She isn’t obliged to.)
You don’t have to/needn’t bring a camera. I have one. (It isn’t necessary.)
Should/Ought to
We use should/ought to to give advice. You should/ought to look booth ways before you cross the road. (I advise you
to …) You shouldn’t eat too much chocolate. (I advise you not to …)
1
Write sentences about what Sally can/can’t do now and what she could/couldn’t do when she was twelve
years old.
1 Sally can cook now 3 Sally can ride a bicycle but she couldn’t cook now and she could ride when she was twelve a bicycle when she was year old. 12 years old. 2 Sally can drive a car 4 Sally can rplay the pianoe now, but she couldn’t now, but she couldn’t drive a car when she play the piano when was 12 years old. she was 12 year old.
Drive a car Now age 12
Cook Now age 12
Ride a bicycle Now age 12
Play the paino Now age 12
18 Can/Can’t – Could – Must/Mustn’t – Have to /
Don’t have to/Needn’t / Should/Ought to
2
Fill in the gaps with can, can’t , could or couldn’t.
4 Give advice to the following people. Write
sentences with should/shouldn’t, ought to/ oughtn’t to.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Rebecca is four years old. She can’t read yet.
I’m sorry but you can’t use the computer unit after
I’ve finished
They can’t drive yet. They’re only 15 years old.
When he was four years old, he could only count
to twenty.
It was raining yesterday, so we couldn’t go on a
picnic
Can I use your phone, please?
Could You speak German when you were little?
David can’t come to the phone right now.
He’s busy
You can’t come home after midnight. I want
you home by 10:30 pm.
1 John looks tried. (take some days off)
He should/ought to take some days off.
2 Karen is allergic to milk. (eat cheese)
She shouldn’t / oughtn’t to eat cheese.
3 Ann behaved rudely. (apologies)
She should / ought to eat apologies.
4 Emma and Robert need to paint their house.
(call a painter)
They should / ought to call a painter.
5 My eyes hurt. (sit close to the computer screen)
You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to sit close to.
The computer screen.
3
Look at the pictures and make sentences using
can or can’t 5
Use must or mustn’t to complete the
Sentences about the life of a chef.
1 (eat)
You can’t eat
here.
2 (camp)
You can’t camp here
train for many years
wash his/her hands before he/her start work
be late for work
create new dishes
be rude to customers
1 A chef must train for many years.
2 A chef must wash his/her hands.
Before he/she start work.
3 A chef mustn’t be late for work
4 A chef must create new dishes
5 A chef mustn’t be rude to customers.
3 (park)
You can park here
4 (ride a bike)
You can’t ride a
bike here
5 (take photographs)
You can’t take
photographs here
3 (swim)
You can swim here
Can/Can’t – Could – Must/Mustn’t – Have to / 18
Don’t have to/Needn’t / Should/Ought to
6 Look at the rules to the computer games.
Write sentences with must and mustn’t.
8 Read the poster. Then choose the correct item.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Fine the magic key.
You must find the magic key.
Escape from the prison.
You must escape from the prison .
Don’t open any black doors.
You mustn’t open any black doors.
Don’t let the guards catch you.
You mustn’t let the guards catch you.
Climb up the tower.
You must climb up the tower.
Rescue the princess.
You must rescue the princess.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
You should/shouldn’t read the poster
You must/mustn’t stop at red traffic lights.
You must /shouldn’t always wear a helmet.
You mustn’t/should listen to music while riding a bike.
You must/shouldn’t cycle on very busy roads.
You mustn’t/should ride on the pavement.
You should/shouldn’t learn the road code.
Choose the correct item.
1 She ….. study hard if she wants to pass the test.
A can B has to C doesn’t have to
2 He ……. Swim when he was there years old.
A shouldn’t B can’t C couldn’t
3 She …… go to the meeting if she doesn’t want to.
A has to B doesn’t have to C must
4 You …… go to many sweets. They’re bad for your
teeth.
A couldn’t B can’t C shouldn’t
5 I’m afraid you …… take pictures in the museum.
It’s not allowed
A couldn’t B can’t C must
7 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of have to or
don’t have to / needn’t.
1
2
3
4
5
You don’t have to / needn’t do the laundry.
I did it yesterday.
He can’t come with us. He has to work.
Liz doesn’t have to/needn’t get up early
tomorrow. There’s no school.
Steven is soldier. He has to wear a uniform.
You’ve got plenty of time. You don’t have to/
needn’t hurry.
ดูเฉลยในส่วนทา้ย (Key to Writing Activities)
18 Can/Can’t – Could – Must/Mustn’t – Have to /
Don’t have to/Needn’t / Should/Ought to
10
a) Is a secretary. Where what Karen has to do
or doesn’t have to do in the office.
5
6
7
8
It’s against the rules to enter this area. You
mustn’t
It’s your duty to tide your room. You must
You look tried. I advise you to go bed. You
should
You aren’t allowed to park here. You can’t
type letters
answer the phone
work on Sunday
file reports
clean the office
know how to use the
Computer
Karen has to type letters at work.
b) Think of two or more jobs. Write sentences
about what these people have to/don’t have to do.
Your partner guesses what the jobs are.
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Complete the sentences with modals. Make the
sentences true for you.
(Suggested Answers)
At home, I have to keep my room tidy.
My best friend must/has to go bed earlier than me.
My parents don’t have to work at the weekend.
At school, I can’t talk on my mobile.
This week, I must/have to study for school exam.
At the weekend, I can go to bed late.
When in a car, we shouldn’t talk to the driver.
When I was younger, I could climb trees.
Speaking
Imagine you are a teacher. Look at the phrases
And talk to a group of students about the rules
Of the library, using can or mustn’t.
LIBRARY RULES
eat or drink
ask the librarian question
drop litter
listen to loud music
Speak quietly
bring pets inside
talk on your mobile phone
send text messages
use the computer
You mustn’t eat or drink in the library.
Write
Write a list of the rules you have to follow at home
using modal verbs.
I have to help my mum with the washing up
every night.
I mustn’t stay up late on school nights.
11 Rewrite the sentences using the modals in the
brackets in the correct form.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
You are allowed to go to the party. (can)
You can go to the party.
It’s your duty to feed the dog. (have to)
You have to feed the dog.
Jane is obliged to be at work at 9 o’clock.
(have to)
Jane have to be at work at 9 o’clock.
I advise you to work harder. (should)
You should work harder.
I strongly advise you to apologise to her. (must)
You to apologise to her.
It’s against the rules to ride a bike without a
helmet. (must)
You must wear a helmet to ride a bike.
It’s possible that Ann will be late tonight. (can)
Ann can be late tonight.
You are allowed to borrow my coat. (can)
You can borrow my coat.
12 Replace the words in bold with one of the modals
in the list: must, can, should, can’t, couldn’t,
mustn’t, don’t have to’
1
2
3
4
He is able to dance well. He can
Is it OK if I borrow your pencil? Can
It was too noisy I wasn’t able to sleep. I couldn’t
It isn’t necessary to wear a uniform to school.
We don’t have to
ดูเฉลยในส่วนทา้ย (Key to Pair work Activities)
ดูเฉลยในส่วนทา้ย (Key to Speaking Activities)
ดูเฉลยในส่วนทา้ย (Key to Writing Activities)
Relative Pronouns – Relative Clauses 19
Relative Pronouns () introduce relative clauses.
people who / that
Objects/animals Which / that
possession whose
Note: We don’t use relative pronouns with other pronouns
(I, you, me, him, etc).
The boy who he is sitting over there is my cousin.
We use relative clauses to identify the noun in the main
clause.
The woman who owns the house is Greek.
Relative clause
(The relative clause identifies which woman we are
talking about.)
We use who/that to refer to people.
The boy – he is playing the guitar is Philip.
The boy who/that is playing the guitar is Philip.
We use which/that to refer to objects or animals.
The car - it won the race - is red.
The car which/that won the race is red.
Giant pandas are animals which/that live in china.
A magician is person who/that
Performs tricks.
We use whose with people, object and animals
In order to show possession.
That’s woman – her son is a doctor.
That’s woman whose son is a doctor.
That’s the suitcase – is handle is brown.
That’s the suitcase whose handle is brown.
Elephants are animals whose ears are very big.
Relative pronouns as subject or object
We do not omit who/which/that when it is the subject of
a relative clause, that is when there is not a noun or subject
pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb.
I met a girl. She knows your aunt.
I met a girl who/that knows your aunt.
We can omit who/which/that when it is the subject of
a relative clause, that is when there is not a noun or subject
pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb.
That’s the car. Ann bought it last mouth.
That’s the car (which/that) Ann bought last week.
19 Relative Pronouns – Relative Clauses
1 Look a t the pictures and the phrases, then make
sentences using relative pronouns, as in the example. someone/deliver letters and packages a toy/children play with something/we use to sweep the floor animals/have very long necks someone/repair cars machine/collect dust and dirt from cappets
1 A yo – yo is a toy which / that children play with. 2 A vacuum cleaner is machine which/that collects dust And dirt from carpets 3 A mechanic is someone who/that repairs cars 4 A broom is something which/that we use to sweep the floor. 5 A postman is someone who/that delivers letters and packages. 6 Giraffes are animals which/that have very long necks.
2 Use who, which or whose to join the two sentences.
1 That is Mrs Smith who is a teacher. That s Mrs Smith who is a teacher. 2 Those are the people. Their son is a famous musician. Those are the people whose son is a famous musician. 3 Chloe is the girl. She speaks four languages. Chloe is the girl who speaks four languages. 4 Tom bought a sports car. It cost him a lot of money. Tom bought a sports car which cost him a lot of money. 5 That’s the doll. My uncle gave t to me. That’s the doll which uncle gave t to me.
3 Choose the correct answer.
1 This is the book ………. I bought last week. A who B which C whose 2 The dog is an animal ……… is called ‘man’s best friend’. A who B whose C that 3 Mr. Smith, ………. Is my neighbor, is very polite. A who B which C whose 4 Mount Vesuvius is the volcano ………. Destroyed Pompei. A which B who C whose 5 Mel Gibson is the actor ……. Started in all the Lethal Weapon films. A which B whose C who 6 The cake ……. She made was delicious A that B who C whose 7 Mr Jones is the one ……… comes from Columbia. A who B whose C which 8 The Great Fire of London, ……… happened in 1666, caused great damage to the city. A whose B which C who 9 The girl ……. Is sitting next to Tony is my cousin. A that B whose C which 10 The man ………. Wife had an accident lives next A whose B who C which
4 Complete the sentences about yourself using relative
pronouns. Compare with your partner. (Suggested Answer) 1 I like films which/that have happy endings. 2 I never buy things which/that I don’t need. 3 I dislike people who/that tell lies. 4 I hate machines which/that make a lot of noise. 5 I love cars which/that are fast.
Relative Pronouns – Relative Clauses 19
5 Fill in the correct relative pronoun. Write (S)
for subject or (O) for object. Then state if the
relative can be omitted or not. 1 Sheila, who is Ann’s cousin, is S Very rude. (not omitted) 2 The dress which/that you Bought yesterday is great. (O) (omitted) 3 Do you know anyone who/that can speak Chinese? (S) (not omitted) 4 Is this the book which/that you Borrowed from Tony? (O) (omitted) 5 I’m writing an email to my friend who/that lives in China. (S) (not omitted) 6 That’s the boy who/that broke The window. (S) (not omitted) 7 Is that the play which/that we Saw last week? (O) (omitted) 8 Is she the woman who/that Knows your uncle? (S) (not omitted) 9 The city which/that I like most is Granada. (O) (omitted) 10 Where did you buy the jacket which/that you were wearing yesterday? (O) (omitted)
6 Fill in the gaps with who, which or whose.
Speaking In pairs, take turns to say the name of a thing or a job. Your partner has to explain what this thing is or what this job is. A : a CD player B : A CD player is a machine which/that plays music.
Defining– Non-defining relative clauses There are two types of relative clauses: defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.
A defining relative clause gives necessary information and is essential to the meaning of the main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas.
The woman who/that lives next door is a teacher. (which woman? The one who lives next door.)
A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence. The clause is put in commas. We cannot omit the relative pronoun. We cannot use that instead of who or which. My uncle Peter, who lives in New York, is an architect. (My uncle Peter is an architect – the meaning of the sentence is clear. Who lives in New York – the relative clause gives extra information.)
ดูเฉลยในส่วนท้าย
(Key to Speaking Activities)
19 Relative Pronouns – Relative Clauses
7 Match the phrases to make sentences.
1 b This is the car 2 a Thomas Edision is the man
3 h Is this the DVD 4 f The nurse
5 g Elvis Presley
6 d The report 7 e I met a boy
8 c Is she the woman
8 Fill in the relative pronoun. Put commas where
necessary. Write (D) for defining, (ND) for non-
defining and if the relative pronoun can be omitted or
not. 1 Mrs Smith, who lives next D door, is a nurse. (not omitted) 2 That’s the girl who/that sits next to me at school D (not omitted) 3 That house which is very big. belongs to my grand partners. ND (not omitted) 4 Have you seen that new film which/that stars Nicole Kidman? D (not omitted) 5 I know a girl whose brother is a singer. D (not omitted) 6 Lisa who is younger than me, can speak French very well. ND (not omitted) 7 This ring which is very old, belonged to my grandma. ND (not omitted) 8 My brother who is named Jack, is five years older than me. ND (not omitted) 9 The book which/that was advertised on TV was very interesting. D (not omitted) 10 This is the ring which/that my mum gave me for my birthday. D (not omitted) 11 Gillian who is only 20 years old, got married last mouth. ND (not omitted) 12 The boy who/that is crying in the corner is called James. D (not omitted) 13 The man who is sitting next to Ann is my uncle. D (not omitted) 14 The bag which/that you bought last week is beautiful. D (not omitted) 15 The film which/that we watched last night was terrible. D (not omitted)
a who invented the light bulb. b (which) I want to buy. c who won the lottery? d which you wrote was very interesting. e whose name is Robbie. f who looked after my grandmother was very kind. g whose songs were very popular, died in 1977. h which your friend gave you?
9 Join the sentences. Use relative pronouns.
1 That’s the jumper. My mum bought it for me. That’s the jumper (which/that) my mum bought it for me. 2 He lives in a flat. It is on the second floor. He lives in a flat (which/that) is on the second floor. 3 Mr Smith is a firefighter. He is 30 years old. Mr Smith is a firefighter who/that is 30 years old. 4 This is the newpaper. I bought it yesterday. This is the newpaper which/that bought it yesterday. 5 This is Helen. She teachers us French. This is Helen who/that teachers us French. 6 That’s Jason. His father is a doctor. That’s Jason whose father is a doctor. 7 She works for a company. The company makes hats. She works for a company which/that company makes hats. 8 That’s Antony. His car broke down yesterday. That’s Antony whose car broke down yesterday. 9 I met a woman. She knows you. I met a woman who/that knows you. 10 The police have caught the men. They robbed the bank. The police have caught the men who/that robbed the bank.
Writing Make true sentences about yourself using
Relative pronouns, as in the example. My brother, who speak English, wants to become a teacher. ‘Green Day’ is the band which I like the best. My father, whose name is Ben, is a taxi driver.
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