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7/27/2019 88_Ung Dung Cong Nghe FRID

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Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 29 1/2012 88

NG DNG CNG NGH RFID TRONG QUN L LOGISTICS CNG V KHNNG PHT TRIN NG DNG TI CC CNG VIT NAM

RFID TECHNOLOGIES FOR PORT LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT ANDOPPORTUNITIES TO IMPLEMENT IN VIETNAM PORTS

TS. NGUYN THANH THYTrung tm o to Logist ics, Trng HHH

Tm tt

RFID c thit k nhm cho php thit b c ghi bt c dliu trn th thng minhv t ng chuyn cc d liu ny sang h thng my tnh. ng dng cng ngh nyvo qun l logistics cng bin, RFID khng ch gip tng cng an ninh cng v an ninhthng mi hng hi m cn gim thiu cc ri ro trong khai thc cng cng nh tnghiu qu hot ng cng. Bi bo ny cng bn ti cc vn khi ng dng cng nghny cho cc cng bin Vit nam.

Abstract

RFID is designed to enable readers to capture data on tags and transmit it automaticallyto a computer system. To implementing to port logistics system, RFID helps not only

enhancing port and sea trade security, but also enhancing the port operations both interms of risk reduction and efficiently improvement. Also, this paper discusses ofdisadvantages when implementing this technique at Vietnam ports.

1. t vn

Cng ngh nh v bng sng radio RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) l mt k thutnhn dng t ng da trn kh nng lu tr v nhn tn hiu t xa bng h thng th thngminh. Ban u, ng dng ca cng ngh RFID ch c s dng trong cng nghip hoc trongcc h thng bo mt (ng dng ng), tuy nhin hin nay cng ngh RFID c s dngtrong c cc h thng phc v nhu cu x hi nh h thng th vin, h thng qun l hng hatrong kho hng, v by gi lan sang c h thng qun l logistics cng bin (ng dng m).

2. Nguyn tc ho t ng ca cng ngh RFID

Trc ht, k thut RFID cn mt thit b l th thng minh. Th RFID c kch thc rt nh,dng gn ln vt th cn qun l nh hng ha, ngi, vn vn. Th RFID cha cc chipsilicon v cc anten cho php nhn lnh v p ng li bng tn s v tuyn RF t mt RFID phtp. Tn hiu c ghi vo th v c c khng ph thuc vo hng ca th m chcn th nm trong vng ph sng ca thit b l c.

Hnh 1. Minh ha cng ngh RFID.


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Khi mt th RFID tin n gn mt thit b c ghi th, nng lng sng in t cungcp cho th v t qu trnh trao i d liu gia th v thit b c ghi th bt u. Trong qutrnh ny, thit b c th c ghi thng tin trn th, sau khi kt thc qu trnh trao i d liu, chicth c chth khng tip nhn thm thng tin g na cho n khi c lt vo vng ph sngtip theo.

Mc d ng dng chnh hin nay ca cng ngh RFID l trong cc kho hng bn l, RFIDcng c pht hin c ng dng hiu qu trong hot ng vn ti, sn xut t nhng nm 1980sv sau lan sang cc hot ng khc do chi ph cng ngh gim mnh v mang li nhiu li chcho doanh nghip s dng cng ngh ny.

3. ng dng ca cng ngh RFID trong qun l logistics cng bin

Hin nay c 3 loi th RFID c s dng trong qun l logistics cng bin, l th chng, th bn ch ng v th b ngi.

Cc th RFID ch ng c pin nng cao kh nng trao i d liu vi thit b c ghi th.Tm hot ng ca cc th RFID ch ng c th ln ti 100 mt ph thuc vo ngun in mcc quc gia s dng theo quy nh. Cc th ny thng c dung lng b nh ln, ln ti 32 Kbc m ha c bit chng c trm. Th ch ng c th bao gm b cm bin, thit b nhv GPS, lin kt v tinh, hoc cc ng dng khc.

Cc th bn ch ng cng c pin nhng khng c s dng nng cao kh nng traoi d liu. Pin ny ch c s dng kch hot b cm bin hoc b nh.

Th b ng hay cn gi l th khng kt ni do khng c pin v chi c th trao i d liuc trong pham vi t 2 n 3 mt. Thng thng th b ng hay c s dng cho h thngcao bn v cc n v cha hng khc bn trong container ng bin.

Li th c bn khi s dng cng ngh RFID trong qun l hot ng khai thc cng chnh lcng ngh thu nhn d liu t ng, iu ny c ngha l khng c bt k ngi, hoc thit bkhai thc hoc bt k hot ng no khc an xen vo qu trnh ny. Khi cc phng php khcu i hi phi c s xut hin ca con ngi ghi nhn thng tin th RFID l phng php titkim nhn lc v thi gian, cng nh gim sai st trong qu trnh thc hin cng vic do ngi laong gy nn. Hai li ch trc tip ca cng ngh ny l:

- Thu nhn d liu y v chnh xc;

- S dng thi gian ca ngi lao ng mt cch hp l hn.

C 5 lnh vc hot ng trong cng m cng ngh RFID c th s dng rt hu hiu, l:

- Kim sot cng nhn ra vo khu vc cng;- m bo an ninh cho container;

- Nhn dng v xc nh v tr container;

- Truy xut cc hot ng;

- Tun th cc quy nh;

Cc ng dng ny c th mang li li ch trc tip cho ngi khai thc cng/khai thc binhng cng c th mang li dch v gi tr gia tng cho ngi gi hng.

3.1. Kim sot cng nhn ra vo khu vc cng

Kt hp vi cc bin php o lng an ninh nh b m ISPS ca T chc Hng hi quc t(IMO), cng ngh RFID m bo rng chc nhng ngi c nhim v mi c php ra vo khuvc lm hng ca cng nhm gim thiu kh nng b mt hng hoc b ly nhm hng.

Cc th nhn dng RFID ca nhn vin c th t ng cung cp thi gian v s ln xuthin ca ngi s dng, th ny cng c s dng h tr cho nhn vin thng qua mt bphn thit b c bit. Trong nhng trng hp thng thng khng s dng th RFID, cn bitchc rng nhn vin c nng lc chuyn mn khai thc b phn thit b ny hay chc trch nhim v ra vo mt s khu vc hay cha. Tuy nhin, cng ngh RFID cho phptch hp tt c cc thng tin ny vo th nhn dng. mt s khu vc c th, cc th RFID nycn c chc nng nh cc th lu tr gi tr cho php cng nhn c th mua hng trong khu vclm vic (n tra, ung, vn vn) m khng cn s dng n tin mt.


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3.2. m bo an ninh cho container

Mt trong nhng ng dng ni ting nht ca cng ngh in t trong thng mi quc tchnh l s ra i ca cc loi Kp ch thng minh (Smart seals) nhm m bo tnh ton vnca mt container v ni dung cha hng bn trong ca container . Thng thng, mc tiu cavic kp ch l nhm ngn nga cc hnh vi i tro hng hoc ly cp hng nhng vi kp chthng th bng chng ca hnh vi xm phm nim phong ch c pht hin rt lu sau khi xy ra m khng mang li li ch no khc ngoi vic a ra bng chng l container b xmphm. Kp ch RFID bn cnh cng dng trn ra cn c th cnh bo cc nhn vin khc trongkhu vc lm hng ca cng v vic xm phm container ti thi im container b g nim ch.Kp ch thng minh chnh l mt th RFID ch ng, th ny s thng bo cho cc bn khc trongkhu vc cng v vic container b m hoc b dch chuyn tri php.ii

Thng th cc th ny c mua v nh du bi ngi gi hng. Tuy nhin, cc cngcng phi c trang b ph hp vi vic nhn dng cc tn hiu t cc th ny nu cc th nyc kch hot. Cc th thng minh cng c trang b thm b cm bin gim st cc thayi mi trng bn trong container. Mt s loi th, nh loi th do qun i Hoa K s dng chocc container cn c gim st an ninh cao thig cn km thm c thit b nh v GPS, b cm binv kt ni v tinh nhm lin tc cp nht v tr ca container cng nh cc iu kin bn trongcontainer.

iii i vi cc hng mau hng, hng c bit, hng c gi tr cao th loi th ny cung cpmc an ninh cao nht cho khch hng. Cc loi th c chc nng kt ni v tinh thng kh thngdng cho cc ch hng thng mi. V cc th ny c th thng tin v cc biu hin bt thng

trc tip n ch hng nn cc cng khng cn qu ch trng n cng tc kim sot th.3.3. Kim sot phng tin vn chuyn

Cc thit b theo di v cc thit b khc c trang b th RFID ang c s dng ngycng ph bin hn trong hot ng khai thc kho bi cng v khai thc i phng tin phc vkho bi cng. Thit b ghi c c th c b tr ti cc trm xng, cng cng hoc cc im vocng khc nhm cho php cc phng tin ra vo cng ng thi lu tr li cc thng tin v thiim thc t m xe vn chuyn hoc container vo hoc ra bi cng. Ngoi ra, th nhn dngnhn vin c th c s dng kim sot xem c ng ti x i ng xe vn chuyn v xpng n v hng hay khng?

3.4. Nhn dng v xc nh vtr container

Mc d T chc quc t v Tiu chun ha (ISO) a ra tiu chun cho th cacontainer hng hi t nhiu nm trc, rt t ch containerng dng vic dn th vo container.Nguyn nhn c bn l do chi ph ca th tng i cao. Tuy nhin, vi th h th ch ng mi,

chi ph s dng th gim mt cch ng k, lm cho vic dn th cho hng chc nghncontainer tr nn hin thc ha hn. Do vy, nm 2005 ISO bt u mt quy trnh tiu chunmi cho kp ch in t container. (Freight container electronic seal).

Mt vn xy ra i vi container vn chuyn qua nhiu phng tin vn ti khc nhau l vic nhn dng container kh khn do c qu nhiu thng s nhn dng do container qua taynhiu ch hng khc nhau.iv C th xy ra trng hp khi container c thng s nhn dng phncnh container, trong khi cc thng s khc li cui container. Khi cc thit b khai thc hng cng c t thng tin hng dn thng s no l ng th vic ny lm tng kh nng container b s dng phc v cho cc mc ch xu nh nhp cng tri php, ch v kh hoc v kh ha hchay sinh hc. RFID l cu tr li an ton nht cho cc vn nu trn. Cc thit b ghi c trncc cn trc bi hoc phng tin vn chuyn trn bi s c kh nng ghi li nhn dng ca tngcontainer khi cc container ny c xp d v vn chuyn trong cng.

3.5. Truy xut vtr

Ngay c vi nhng h thng phn mm hin i nht, khng phi lc no container cng ng v tr. Th RFID c th c t cc v tr ngt qung nht nh ti cc li i nhm phc vcho vic nh du v tr. Nhng th ny c c bi cc thit b ghi c ti cc v tr c nh nhmcung cp thng tin v v tr chnh xc ca container hay phng tin vn chuyn no . Cc thitb ghi c ny cng c th bt c nhn dng ca mt container ang c vn chuyn, sau thng tin cho b phn vn phng thng qua h thng wifi ni b (LAN), v tr ca phng tin hayca container lp tc c ghi nhn t ng v hin th.


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3.6. Truy xut cc hot ng

Hiu qu khai thc khng ch l vn ca nh khai thc cng m cn l vn ca ccch tu, ngi gi hng v ngi nhn hng. m bo rng vic xp hng v d hng ang cthc hin mt cch hiu qu nht l yu t quyt nh n li nhun. Tiu tn qu nhiu thi gianvo vic tm kim mt container do container ny t sai v tr c th dn ti vic chm tr v thigian, hoc nu trong trng hp l hng mau hng th c th gy hng ton b hoc mt phn lhng. Vic s dng th RFID ghi nhn v tr ca container v gim st v tr cng cc hot ngca thit b xp d trn bi c th nng cao cht lng ca d liu v do nng cao hiu quca hot ng khai thc.

RFID cung cp kh nng thu thp d liu thi gian thc (real-time) m khng cn phi cyu t con ngi. iu ny c th gip cho nh qun l cng c cung cp y s liu thc tlm hng trn bi theo tng pht, v do cho php h a ra cc quyt nh ph hp vi thctin sn xut ng thi im.

3.7. Thit kh thng RFID ti cng

Mt h thng RFID phc v qun l ti khu bi c th c m hnh nh sau:

Khi thit k h thng, cn m bo c 3 ng kt ni sau:

- Kt ni vt l : kt ni gia vt th (container, xe ti) vi thit b ghi c (c nh hoc ding);

- Kt ni thng tin: chuyn c thng tin t thit b ghi c n h thng thng tin;

- Kt ni ng dng : giao din gia cc ng dng (c bn trong v bn ngoi ca h thngcng) v h thng thng tin cng.

Hnh 1.2 S ca h thng qun l container sdng th in t.

4. Kh nng ng dng cng ngh RFID trong cc cng container Vit Nam

Vit Nam hin nay, cng ngh RFID khng cn l khi nim qu xa l vi cc ng dngti kho bi, c bit l ti cc kho hng ca cc cng ty c yu t nc ngoi. Mi y (thng1/2010) Cng ty SplendID Technology a cng ngh qun l tin tin RFID (Radio Frequencyidentification) vo Vit Nam, chnh thc a Vit Nam vo danh sch cc nc ang trin khaicng ngh RFID. Tuy nhin, trong mt kho st c thc hin bi B phn Nghin cu v Tvn ca Cng ty SCM (Supply Chain Insight) th nu a ra xp hng ng dng cng ngh m cc


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cng ty cung ng dch v logistics mun ng dng nht th cng ngh RFID li l cng ngh kmhp dn nht trong bng xp hng.

Hnh 1.3 .Xp hng ng dng cng ngh ti cc Cng ty logistics Vit Nam

(1 l thp nht, 5 l cao nht).Ngun: Kt qu kho st v logistics nm 2008, B phn Nghin cu v t vn, Cng ty

SCM

Bn cnh , trong lnh vc khai thc cng container hin nay, c th ni mc d Vit Nam c nhiu cng container c trung bnh v trn trung bnh, nhng vn cha c cng containerno c ng dng RFID trong hot ng khai thc cng ca mnh. Cc nguyn nhn chnh dn nvic ngh nghe RFID khng c mn m cho n ti Vit Nam l:

- Kh khn trong ng dng Hi quan in t: Mc d hin nay Hi Quan Vit Nam ang tinnhng bc di trong vic in t ha th tc v ang c gng hon thin chm nht l thng 1nm 2012 theo l trnh cam kt vi ASEAN, tuy nhin vn tn ti cc bt cp cha th x lc. Vi vic s dng nim ch thng thng ca Hi quan cng nh kim sot Hi quan thngqua s dng nhn lc th s khng c ngha kinh t khi s dng cng ngh RFID kim sotcontainer. Cho n thi im hin ti, Vit Nam c cng ty Tn Cng xem xt n kh nng

ng dng cng ngh RFID vo khai thc bi container ca mnh do cc tnh nng vt tri cacng ngh ny, nhng vn phi trng ch vo s thay i th tc Hi Quan.

- Vit Nam vn cha tham gia vo cc chng trnh an ninh hng hi quc t lin quan nvic gim st an ninh qu trnh xp d container v gim st an ninh cng a ra bi IMO(MARSEC 1 v 2) nn vic nhn thc v mc quan trng ca cng ngh i vi cng tc anninh hng hi vn cn hn ch.

- Cng ngh RFID, mc d r hn rt nhiu so vi thi k mi ra i, vn l mt cngngh kh tn km so vi GDP ca Vit nam. Tnh bnh qun, chi ph ng dng cng ngh RFIDti mt bi cng container bt k c th s tn km khong 150.000 la M. Khon chi ph nyc th thay i phc thuc vo c ca cng v khu vc mun ng dng RFID trong cng. Cc chiph ny bao gm: Chi ph mng dng cng ngh (60.000 USD), chi ph mua thit b ghi c(50.000 USD), Chi ph mua th (5.000 USD) v Chi ph cng (10.000 USD n 50,000 USD).

- Cui cng, phn ln cc bi cotnainer ca Vit Nam l cc bi c quy m nh, lng hng

ra vo bi khng nhiu, nhn cng trn bi li trnh thp nn vic ng dng cng ngh RFIDcn cha phi l u tin chnh ca cc khu bi ny.

5. Kt lun

Cng ngh RFID khng cn l cng ngh mi trong qun l logistics cng bin trn th gii,cng ngy cng c nhiu cng ng dng cng ngh ny vo cc hot ng khai thc bi, khai thci xe v c bit l cc ng dng khi khai thc container. ng dng cng ngh ny vo qun llogistics cng bin, RFID khng ch gip tng cng an ninh cng v an ninh thng mi hng him cn gim thiu cc ri ro trong khai thc cng cng nh tng hiu qu hot ng cng. Tuy


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nhin, v rt nhiu l do hin nay cng ngh ny vn cha c s dng ti cc cng ca Vitnam. Hy vng trong tng lai khng xa, Vit Nam c th nhanh chng ng dng thng mi int m trc ht l Hi Quan in t nhm nng cao sc cnh tranh cho cc cng bin Vit Nam,to tin bt kp tc pht trin thng mi vn ti bin vi cc quc gia lng ging khc.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Bruckner et al. (2003), GPS and sensor enable RFID tags, RFID paper, No 120, ORNLunclassified paper

[2] Chin, L.P and Wu, C.L, (2004), The Role of Electronic Container Seal (E-Seal) with RFIDTechnology in the Container Security Initiatives, Proceedings of the 2004 InternationalConference on MEMS, NANO and Smart System (ICMENS04), pp. 24-27

[3] Hayashi, H et al. (2003), Access tracking system using long life active RFID tags, NTTTechnical Review, 1 (9), 19-26

[4] Kt qu kho st v logistics nm 2008, B phn Nghin cu v t vn, Cng ty SCM[5] Politecnico Di Milano (2005), RFID between past and future, Quaderni AIP, pp.45-46

Ngi ph n bin: TS. Nguyn Vn Sn

iPolitecnico Di Milano (2005), RFID between past and future, Quaderni AIP, pp.45-46

iiChin, L.P and Wu, C.L, (2004), The Role of Electronic Container Seal (E-Seal) with RFID Technology in the

Container Security Initiatives, Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and SmartSystem (ICMENS04), pp. 24-27iii

Bruckner et al. (2003), GPS and sensor enable RFID tags, RFID paper, No 120, ORNL unclassified paperiv

Hayashi, H et al. (2003), Access tracking system using long life active RFID tags, NTT Technical Review, 1(9), 19-26

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