Please prepare answers to these

questions:

1. Describe it

(what is the message):

2. To whom do you think

this poster is addressed?

3. What is the persuasive

point of this poster?

4. To what emotions do you

think the artist is trying to

appeal?

1918-1919

8.4 The End of the War

The End of the War

1917 – Russia withdrawals from the war.

1917 – United States enter the war with the Allies.

The End of the War After William II was forced to abdicate, the new German

republic and the Allies signed an armistice, ending the war on

November 11, 1918.

Allies of World War I Population

(millions) Military deaths

Direct civilian

deaths (military

action)

Excess civilian

deaths (famine,

disease &

accidents)

Total deaths Deaths as % of

population

Military

wounded

Great Britain s 45.4 886,939 2,000 107,000 995,939 2.19% 1,663,435

Belgium c 7.4 58,637 7,000 55,000 120,637 1.63% 44,686

France e 39.6 1,397,800 40,000 260,000 1,697,800 4.29% 4,266,000

Italy h 35.6 651,000 4,000 585,000 1,240,000 3.48% 953,886

Romania o 7.5 250,000 120,000 330,000 700,000 9.33% 120,000

Russian Empire p 175.1 1,811,000 500,000 1,000,000 3,311,000 1.89% 3,749,000

Serbia q 4.5 275,000 150,000 300,000 725,000 16.11% 133,148

United States t 92.0 116,708 757 117,465 0.13% 205,690

Total (Entente Powers) 800.4 5,712,379 823,757 2,871,000 9,407,136 1.19% 12,809,280

Central Powers Population

(millions) Military deaths

Direct civilian

deaths (military

action)

Excess civilian

deaths (famine,

disease &

accidents)

Total deaths Deaths as % of

population

Military

wounded

Austria-Hungary u 51.4 1,100,000 120,000 347,000 1,567,000 3.05% 3,620,000

German Empire w 64.9 2,050,897 1,000 425,000 2,476,897 3.82% 4,247,143

Ottoman Empire x 21.3 771,844 2,150,000 2,921,000 13.72% 400,000

Total (Central Powers) 143.1 4,010,241 121,000 3,022,000 7,153,241 5% 8,419,533

Grand total 954.2 9,722,620 948,248 5,893,000 16,563,868 1.75% 21,228,813

Casualties by 1914 borders

Allies of World War I Population

(millions)

Military

deaths

Deaths as % of

population

Military

wounded

Great Britain s 45.4 886,939 2.19% 1,663,435

Belgium c 7.4 58,637 1.63% 44,686

France e 39.6 1,397,800 4.29% 4,266,000

Italy h 35.6 651,000 3.48% 953,886

Romania o 7.5 250,000 9.33% 120,000

Russian Empire p 175.1 1,811,000 1.89% 3,749,000

Serbia q 4.5 275,000 16.11% 133,148

United States t 92.0 116,708 0.13% 205,690

Total (Entente Powers) 800.4 5,712,379 1.19% 12,809,280

Central Powers Population

(millions)

Military

deaths

Deaths as % of

population

Military

wounded

Austria-Hungary u 51.4 1,100,000 3.05% 3,620,000

German Empire w 64.9 2,050,897 3.82% 4,247,143

Ottoman Empire x 21.3 771,844 13.72% 400,000

Total (Central Powers) 143.1 4,010,241 5% 8,419,533

Grand total 954.2 9,722,620 1.75% 21,228,813

Apocalypse: Belgian town of Ypres in March 1919 after fierce fighting during World War One

The Cloth Hall at Ypres, France, which was one of the largest commercial buildings of the

Middle Ages when it served as the main market for the city's cloth industry

Ruins at Ypres, France

Ruins of Mametz, France

What level of destruction do these pictures indicate?

What are some emotions evoked when viewing these images?

What happened to the originally charming and vibrant Village of Esnes?

Why is it significant that major civic buildings such as the Courthouse

(Palace of Justice), cathedral, and City Hall (Hotel de Ville) were

destroyed? Can you envision what these buildings and towns may have

looked like before the war?

How long do you think it would take to rebuild these buildings and

communities? How much do you think it would cost? Can a community

ever really recover from such destruction?

Ask students to speculate, based on this information, how France's goals

for the postwar settlement might differ from U.S. goals. What might

France fear? What would France probably want with respect to Germany?

Why? Would those desires be reasonable? Why or why not?

Why might the U.S. be able to take a more idealistic perspective?

The Peace Settlements In January 1919, representatives of 27 victorious Allied

nations met in Paris to make a final settlement of the war.

The most important decisions were made by “The Big Three”

David Lloyd George of Great Britain

Georges Clemenceau of France

Woodrow Wilson of the USA

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles

Germany lost much territory, including all of their overseas

colonies and a vital industrial region on the French border.

Germany’s military was severely reduced and limited.

Germany is forced to pay reparations for the war.

Germany is forced to admit full responsibility for starting the

war.

Trench Warfare:

Rules: SAFETY FIRST!!!! BE CAREFUL!!!!

* 2 sides

* Each soldier gets one paper ball – this paper ball is lethal

– if you get hit with it ANYWHERE – you are dead.

Trench Warfare

*Each side will select one general.

*The general will have one green paper ball.

This is a gas grenade. When the general throws this, he must

announce it (GRENADE!!!)

*The opposing side then has three seconds until the grenade

explodes. If you are within 5 feet of it – you are dead.

Trench Warfare

*Each battle is 3 minutes long.

*The side with the most

soldiers remaining wins.

Writing Assignment:

Imagine that you are a soldier fighting on the Western Front.

Write a letter back home describing life at war.

Consider the following questions:

How do you feel about life in the trenches?

What is life in the trenches like?

What are you seeing, doing, feeling, smelling, eating, hearing?

How do you feel about your purpose of being there?

For full credit, you must include specific details

Key terms:

Armistice

Woodrow Wilson – became a spokesperson for a new world

order based on democracy and international cooperation.

Fourteen Points – Wilson’s basis for a peace settlement.

Paris Peace Conference

The Big Three – US, GB, France.