8.2 using models to represent atoms · 2019-06-14 · atoms are too small to be seen even with a...

8.2 Using Models to Represent Atoms • How are models and symbols used to represent atoms? The atoms in both diamond and graphite are identical and have the same mass and volume. However, diamond is denser than graphite. How would you explain this difference using the arrangements of the atoms in the two substances? Think and Explore 21 st J ohn was surprised to learn that the core of his pencil is made of the same element as the diamond on his mother’s ring. Both graphite and diamond consist of the element carbon. However, the carbon atoms in each substance are arranged differently. Thus, the two substances have very different properties. We can better understand these different properties by studying the arrangement of carbon atoms in each substance. ▲ Figure 8.3 Diamond is a very hard material; graphite is a soft material. ▲ Figure 8.4a Ball-and-stick models for substances containing one type of atom (carbon) Atoms are too small to be seen even with a microscope. Hence, in order to study how atoms are arranged in a substance, scientists use models to represent them. Using ball-and-stick models To show how atoms are arranged in substances, scientists use ball-and-stick models. graphite carbon atoms Each ball represents an atom. diamond Each stick represents the force that holds atoms together. Atoms of different elements are represented using different coloured balls. Since atoms vary in size, a smaller atom would usually be represented with a ball smaller than that used to represent a bigger atom. We can also use a ball-and-stick model to study how different atoms are combined in a substance. Scientists use models to explain the properties of different substances. Scientists may also use these models to predict the properties of unknown substances. gr gr g ap aph hite diamond d hydrogen chloride hydrogen atom chlorine atom ▲ Figure 8.4b Ball-and-stick model for a substance containing two types of atoms (hydrogen and chlorine) 144 Chapter 8 (S)LSSATB_08.indd 144 (S)LSSATB_08.indd 144 9/25/12 11:45 AM 9/25/12 11:45 AM

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Page 1: 8.2 Using Models to Represent Atoms · 2019-06-14 · Atoms are too small to be seen even with a microscope. Hence, in order to study how atoms are arranged in a substance, scientists

8.2 Using Models to Represent Atoms• How are models and symbols used to represent atoms?

The atoms in both diamond and graphite are identical and have the same mass and volume. However, diamond is denser than graphite. How would you explain this difference using the arrangements of the atoms in the two substances?

Think and Explore 21st

J ohn was surprised to learn that the core of his pencil is made of the same element as the diamond on his mother’s ring. Both graphite and diamond consist of the element carbon. However,

the carbon atoms in each substance are arranged differently. Thus, the two substances have very different properties.

We can better understand these different properties by studying the arrangement of carbon atoms in each substance.

▲ Figure 8.3 Diamond is a very hard material; graphite is a soft material.

▲ Figure 8.4a Ball-and-stick models for substances containing one type of atom (carbon)

Atoms are too small to be seen even with a microscope. Hence, in order to study how atoms are arranged in a substance, scientists use models to represent them.

Using ball-and-stick modelsTo show how atoms are arranged in substances, scientists use ball-and-stick models.

graphite carbon atoms

Each ball represents an atom.

diamond

Each stick represents the force that holds atoms together.

Atoms of different elements are represented using different coloured balls.

Since atoms vary in size, a smaller atom would usually be represented with a ball smaller than that used to represent a bigger atom.

We can also use a ball-and-stick model to study how different atoms are combined in a substance.

Scientists use models to explain the properties of different substances. Scientists may also use these models to predict the properties of unknown substances.

grgrg apaphhite diamondd

hydrogen chloride

hydrogenatom

chlorine atom

▲ Figure 8.4b Ball-and-stick model for a substance containing two types of atoms (hydrogen and chlorine)

144 Chapter 8

(S)LSSATB_08.indd 144(S)LSSATB_08.indd 144 9/25/12 11:45 AM9/25/12 11:45 AM

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