By: Granch Berhe2015

INTRODUCTION • Nowadays safety and protective textile have become an

integral part in one or other form. Safety and protective textile refer to garment and other fabric related items designed to protect the wearer from harsh environmental effects that may result in injury or death.

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Materials for manufacturing protective textiles

Classifications of Protective Textiles

Flame retardant o Kermel® and Kermel® / Viscose

fabrics for flight suits, station wear and turnout gear.

o Nomex® for military applications o Molten Aluminum splash protective

fabric. o Electrical Arc

Ballistic protection o p – Aramid woven fabric for hard

and soft ballistic applications Lint free antistatic

o Continuous filament polyester / carbon fabrics

Medical textiles o Systemic and non systemic

antibacterial and antistatic fabrics for surgeons gowns, scrubs and warm up jackets.

Chemical protection o Liquid chemical protective fabrics

UV protection o Fabrics that offer a UPF rating for

the wearer. Industrial work wear

o Component fabrics for chain saw protection

o freezer suits o waterproof clothing

Military textiles o Uniformso Parachutes

Routes of Exposure

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Chemical Protective Clothing

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

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Chemical Protection• Protective clothing cannot be made generic for all chemical

applications, since chemicals vary in most cases and a particular CPC can protect only against a limited number of specific chemicals.

• Important considerations in designing chemical protective clothing are

– The amount of chemical permeation.

– Breakthrough time for penetration.

– Liquid repellency.

– Physical properties of the CPC in specific chemical conditions. 12

Requirements• Chemical Protective Clothing Should Resist :

Permeation , Degradation, Penetration.• Durability• Flexibility• Temperature Resistance• Service Life• Clean Ability

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Textile Materials• Ordinary textile materials are generally not considered suitable for protection

against chemicals, however special non-coated textile materials are used for a variety of applications involving particulates and light liquid spray from relatively non-hazardous chemicals.

• Though woven textiles are not often found in chemical protective clothing, very tightly woven, repellent-treated fabrics can provide some very low minimum protection against liquid exposure.

• More common are nonwoven fabrics that have demonstrated barrier performance against particles and repellency of liquids.

• Two predominant examples of non- woven fabrics are flashspun polyethylene (Tyvek) and spunbond/ meltbown/ spunbond (SMS) polypropylene (Kleenguard).

• These textiles are used because of their relatively low cost and because the materials provide a structure of microfibers that filter out dry particulates and many water-based liquids.

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Adsorbent-Based Materials

• These materials include adsorbents, such as activated charcoal or other sorbent materials.

• Activated Carbon : Activated carbon in very fine powder or granular form is useful to purify both water and air. Activated carbon has particular affinity to organic materials such as solvents used in printing inks and common coatings.

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Fully Encapsulating Suit With Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.

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Extreme COLD PROTECTIVE

CLOTHING

Development of Chemical Protective Clothing

Polyester fabricCotton NonwovenActivated carbon Cotton NonwovenCotton fabric

• Formed by five layers• Outer shell made of polyester as it has low absorption of 2% & provides good strength to the fabric and polyester has a good resistance to lab grade chemicals• Inner layer is made up of cotton fabric as it gives good absorbency and comfort• Middle layer comprises of activated carbon sandwiched in cotton nonwoven

Radiation Protection

Ultraviolet radiation band

UVA(320 to 400 nm)

UVB(290 to 320 nm)

UVC(200 to 290 nm)

Causes little visible reaction on skin but decrease immunological response of skin cells

Responsible for development of skin cancers

Totally absorbed by atmosphere & doesn’t reach the earth

Radiation Protection

Fabric's ability to block UVR dependent on several parameters:

Principal Parameters

Fiber Chemistry Fabric Construction Moisture content Wet Processing History

WeightThicknessPorosity

Dye Concentration

FluorescentWhitening Agents

UV-absorbers

Textiles as protection from ultraviolet radiation

Schematic representation of a textile as a barrier to UV radiation

Electrostatic Protection

The term `electrostatic' or `static electricity' refers to the phenomenon associated with the build up of electrical charges generated, for example, by contact and/or rubbing of two objects. Static electricity is generated by unbalancing the molecular configuration of relatively non-conductive materials.

Gore-tex: Antistatic

Source: AVANTEX 2000

Strength

Para-AramidBullet Proof

Meta Aramid

Heat Resistant, Absorbency and Flexibility

Fire Proof