8-2 electric current
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Warm-up
Which particles move freely through metals?
a. Atoms c. Protons
b. Electrons d. Molecules
What is the charge on the following particles:
c. Proton -
d. Electron -
e. Neutron - negative
positive
neutral
8-2 Current Electricity
Describe electric current.
Identify the two types of current.
Explain how voltage produces electric current.
Calculate voltage, current, and resistance using Ohm’s Law
Electric Current
A steady flow of electrons through a conductor.
Measured in amperes or amps (A).
Variable is “I”
Direct Current (DC)Charge flows in one direction.– battery operated devices– Electrons flow from the negative to the
positive.– Opposite to direction of the current.
Alternating Current (AC)
A flow of electrical charge that regularly reverses the flow of charge.– American electricity changes directions 60
times a second.– Household current is alternating current.
Potential Difference
Also known as Voltage.
The “push” that causes electrons to flow through a circuit.
Measured in volts (V).
Variable is “V”
Resistance
Anything that slows the flow of electrons through a conductor.
Measured in ohms (W ).
Variable is “R”
Ohm’s Law
The mathematical equation that shows the relationship between current, potential difference and resistance.
V = IR
Where: I = current in amps (A)
V = potential difference in volts (V)
R = resistance in ohms (W)
Sample Problem
How many 1.5V batteries would be needed to supply 0.83A of current if the appliance offers 5.4W of resistance?
I = 0.83A
R = 5.4W V = IR
V = 0.83A(5.4 )W
V = 4.482V4.482V / 1.5V per battery = 2.988 or 3 batteries
Sample Problem
If a lamp bulb requires 5.5amps of current supplied at 110volts, how much resistance does it offer?I = 5.5ampsV = 110volts
R = V / I
R = 110V / 5.5a
R = 20W
Sample Problem
If an electrical appliance offers 24 W of resistance, and is connected to a 9.0V battery, how much current will flow?
R = 24WV = 9.0V I = V / R
I = 9.0V / 24W
I = 0.375a
Conclusion
What is the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance?