Ch. 2 Sec. 1 States of Matter

This Japanese macaque soaks in a hot spring. In and around the spring, water

exists as a liquid, solid, and gas.

solid

• definite shape & definite volume • particles inside- packed tightly & stay in fixed positions - not motionless- vibrate

Hot, liquid lava flows from a volcano.

When it cools to a solid, new rock will be formed.

types of solids

• 1. crystalline solid= solid made up of crystals

–ex: salt, sugar, sand, snow

types of solids

• 2. amorphous solid= particles not arranged in regular pattern

– no distinct melting point– ex: plastics, rubber, glass

liquid• no definite shape• takes shape of its container• definite volume

A liquid takes the shape of its container but its volume does not change.

Particles in a liquid are packed close

together but move freely, allowing liquids to flow.

•substance that flows•liquids & gases

YouTube video-Bill Nye Fluids song

surface tension

• result of inward pull among molecules of a liquid that brings molecules on surface closer together

Due to surface tension, the surface of water can act like a sort of skin.

viscosity• resistance of a liquid to flowing

–-high viscosity-flow slowly–-low viscosity-flow quickly

gas• no definite shape• no definite volume• particles spread apart-

filling all available space

types of solids

1. crystalline solids2. amorphous solids

crystalline solidor

amorphous solid

amorphous solid

glass

crystalline solidor

amorphous solid

crystalline solid

crystalline solidor

amorphous solid

crystalline solid

crystalline solidor

amorphous solid

amorphous solid

crystalline solidor

amorphous solid

crystalline solidsugar

solid

• definite shape & definite volume • particles inside- packed tightly & stay in fixed positions - not motionless- vibrate

gas• no definite shape• no definite volume• particles spread apart-

filling all available space

surface tension

• result of inward pull among molecules of a liquid that brings molecules on surface closer together

liquid• no definite shape• takes shape of its container• definite volume

•substance that flows•liquids & gases

YouTube video-Bill Nye Fluids song

1. Describe the properties of the shaving cream. Is it a solid, liquid, or a gas? Why do you think so?

2. Gently place a penny on top of it. What happens?

3. Rub some shaving cream between your thumb and index finger. How does it feel?

4. Let the shaving cream sit out overnight. 5. Did you notice any change? Examine the

shaving cream blob with a magnifying glass. What does it look like?

Solid, Liquid, or Gas?

Solid, Liquid, or Gas? Part 21.Describe the properties of the cornstarch

and water mixture.

2.Does the cornstarch mixture have attributes like a solid or a liquid?

3.How did the cornstarch mixture feel when you touched it?

4.What happened to the cornstarch mixture when you tried to pour it?

5. Name at least two unusual characteristics of the cornstarch mixture.

Viscosity ExperimentPredict

6. PANCAKE SYRUP

5. KARO SYRUP

Rate

(# of seconds)

7. CONDITIONER

4. SHAMPOO

3. EX-LAX

1. VEGETABLE OIL

1. WATER

High or low

viscosity

Fluid

• Question: Which coin will hold the most drops of water?• Materials: 50 mL of water, a penny, a nickel, a dime and a medicine dropper.• Make a predictionMake a prediction: How many drops of water do you think you can fit on the top surface of each coin?

________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Hypothesis: If _____________________________________, then __________________________________________.

• Carefully add drops until the water spills off the penny. • Try this three times, recording the number of drops each time, and then find the average number of drops that can fit.

• Results:• _______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Identify the variables involved in this experiment. Independent variable ______________________________________ Dependent variable _______________________________________ Controlled variable _______________________________________

Surface Tension experimentName_______________________

3.

# of drops

Dime

Average2.

# of drops

1.

# of drops

Coin

Nickel

Penny

Draw, label & color a picture of the following:

• Solid• Liquid• Gas• Amorphous solid• Crystalline solid• Fluid

Pencil-solid