7l solar system and beyond

8/13/2019 7L Solar System and Beyond

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RockyPlanets

Gaseous Planets

Click on each planet to learn more!

Skip all planet slides


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The Solar System

SunMass

[x Earth]

333000

Diameter[km]

1392000

SurfaceTemp [C]

6000Sun viewed in soft X ray

Return to solar system


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Mercury Mass [x Earth] 0.05

Diameter [km] 4880

Distance from Sun

[Million km]58

Time taken to travelaround Sun

88 days

Time taken to spin

once on axis 59 days

0 moons Surface Temp [C] 350


The Solar System


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Venus Mass [x Earth] 0.81

Diameter [km] 12112

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

107.5


224 days

Time taken to spin

once on axis 243 days

0 moons Surface Temp [C] 460


The Solar System


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Earth Mass [x Earth] 1

Diameter [km] 12742

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

149.6


365 days

Time taken to spin

once on axis 24 hours

1 moon Surface Temp [C] 20


The Solar System


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Mars Mass [x Earth] 0.11

Diameter [km] 6790

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

228


687 days

Time taken to spin

once on axis 24 h 37m

22 moons Surface Temp [C] - 23


The Solar System


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Jupiter Mass [x Earth] 318

Diameter [km] 142600

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

778


11.9years

Time taken to spin

once on axis9h 50m

16 moons[+ 1 ring]

Surface Temp [C] -120


The Solar System



Saturn Mass [x Earth] 95

Diameter [km] 120200

Distance from Sun[Million km]

1427


29.5years

Time taken to spin

once on axis

10h 14m

17 moons[+ rings]



The Solar System



Uranus Mass [x Earth] 14.5

Diameter [km] 49000

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

2870


84 years

Time taken to spin

once on axis10h 49m

15 moons[+ rings]



The Solar System



Neptune Mass [x Earth] 17.5

Diameter [km] 50000

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

4497


165 years

Time taken to spin

once on axis 15h 48m

8 moons Surface Temp [C] -220


The Solar System



Pluto

System

Mass [x Earth] 0.003

Diameter [km] 2284

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

5900

[variable]Time taken to travel

around Sun248 years

Time taken to spin

once on axis 6.4 days

1 moon Surface Temp [C] -230


The Solar System



Match up the planet with its correct statement



Using the information youve gathered, plot a graph of

surface temperature [y] against distance from sun [x]:

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Distance from Sun [Million km]

SurfaceTemp.

[C]

What happensto the surfacetemperature of

planets as they getfurther away fromthe sun?

Predict the surfacetemperature of a planetwhich is 7000 km awayfrom the sun.

The Solar System



Planet Postcards

1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about.You cannot choose Earth.

2. Using books or any other sources of information find

out five facts about that planet.

3. Design a postcard from that planet. You need to drawa front to the postcard that suits your planet.

4. Write a postcard to someone on earth as if you visitingthe planet you have chosen. You must use your fivefacts in your postcard.



1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about.

2. Find out about that planet using books and othersources of information.

3. Design a travel brochure to encourage people to comeand visit the planet. You could tell people:- how they can get there and how long it will take- the climate of the planet- where they will stay- what sights they can see on the planet

Planet Postcards



The Earth & Beyond

Th E h & B d D & Ni h



The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night

How long is one day?

24 hours

How long is one year?

365 days

Planet Earth spins onits tilted axis and

orbits the Sun.

This causes days & nightsand the seasons.

Th E th & B d D & Ni ht



SUN

LIGHT

The Earth spins on itsaxis once every 24 hours.


Th E th & B d D & Ni ht



Casablanca

Philippines

Antanarivo

Pretoria

Place GMT Time

Casablanca +1

Pretoria +2

Antanarivo +3

Philippines +8

It is 04:00 in London


Th E th & B d Th S



The Earth & Beyond : The Seasons

L k t th th di f th th b l N t



Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Notewhere the light is shining. Then drag the seasonto match the correct hemisphere in the table.

Look at the the diagram of the earth belo Note




Look at the the diagram of the earth below Note



East West

Copy the diagram above and add two sun lines -

one for Summer and one for Winter.

Autumn


The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon


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The Sun and the Moon look about the same size

from Earth - theyre not. The Sun is about 400 times wider than the Moon

but is 400 times further away!

The Moon takes just over 27 days to orbit the Earth.

SUNLIG

HT



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SUNLIGH

T

These are called thephases of the Moon.

N.B. This is the view from Earth




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CrescentMoon




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Half Moon

N.B. This is the view from Earth.




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GibbousMoon




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Full Moon




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GibbousMoon




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Half Moon




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CrescentMoon




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New Moon



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1. The Moon does not produce its own light - how can

we see it?2. How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth?

3. Why do we always see the same side of the Moon?

4. Why do we only see a Full Moononce a month?5. What is a New Moon?

6. What force keeps the Moon in orbit around theEarth?

7. Why is there very little atmosphere on the Moon?

Homework : Find out how the Moon causes t id es .


The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses


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The Earth & Beyond: Eclipses

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon comes in

between the Sun and the Earth. This casts ashadow over the Earth.

The last solar eclipse over the UK was on 11thAugust 1999. Solar eclipses dont occur very often.

A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes inbetween the Sun and the Moon. This casts ashadow over the Moon.

Lunar eclipses happen in most years.


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Where must the Moon be for a lunar eclipse to take place?During a lunar eclipse the Earth blocks the Suns

light from reaching the Moon.During a lunar eclipse the Moon is on the opposite

side of the Earth to the Sun.


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During a solar eclipse the Moon blocks theSuns rays from reaching part of the Earth.Where must the Moon be for a solar eclipse to take place?

During a solar eclipse the Moon moves directlybetween the Sun and the Earth.



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1. Why do eclipses only last a few minutes?

2. Why do you think ancient people were frightened ofeclipses?

3. What causes an eclipse of the Sun [Solar eclipse]?

4. What causes an eclipse of the Moon [Lunar eclipse]?

5. What would a lunar eclipse look like if you were anastronaut standing on the Moon?

6. Draw 2 simple ray diagrams in your books -

a) Solar Eclipse

and b) Lunar Eclipse




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Always use eclipse

viewers, NEVER lookdirectly at the sun.

solareclipse diagram

The Earth


The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites


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For thousands of years humans have beenfascinated by the night sky and what lay beyond it.



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Science Fiction writers first suggested the idea that wecould put artificial satellites into orbit around the Earth.

This only became reality in 1957 when the Soviet Unionplaced Sputnik Iand Sputnik IIinto orbit [Sputnik IIcontained a live dog!].

Today, artificialsatellites are launched

very frequently byspace shuttles andunmanned rockets.




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GEOSTATIONARY

SATELLITES :

Stay above the sameplace on Earth.

Speed of orbitmatches the Earthsrotation.

Used for

communications,satellite TV,weather forecasting,intelligence, GPS.




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POLAR ORBIT SATELLITES

: Low orbit around the

Earth passing overNorth and South

poles. Earth rotates

underneath them asthey orbit.

Used for large-scalemapping and globalweather monitoring.




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y



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Meteorites, the Solar Wind and space junk all travelvery quickly through space and can damage satellites.

Astronauts need tospace-walk inorder to fix them.

y



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Astronomical satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope[HST] are large telescopes placed in a high orbit far from theeffects of the Earths atmosphere.

It can see much

further into space and

give us images ofstars and galaxiesmany light yearsaway,like this cartwheel

galaxy.

y



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Our search for answers and clues to the origin of the solarsystem and the possibility of life elsewhere led to the

development of unmanned space probes.

For years, science fiction has brought us stories of Martians- but could they really exist? Or have existed?

On July 4th1997, NASA launched thePathfinderDiscovery Mission to Mars.

It cost $150 million and used theSojourner Rover buggy to test Mars

atmosphere, surface and weather,amongst other things.

y



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Mars Mass [x Earth] 0.11

Diameter [km] 6790

Distance from Sun

[Million km]

228


687 days

Time taken to spin

once on axis24 h 37m

22 moons Surface Temp [C] - 23

y



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The Sojourner Rover

y



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The tests carried out by the Rover showed that Marsis much more like the Earth than was expected.

Was Mars likethe Earth untilsomething

catastrophichappened?

y



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Why did the

volcanoes stop?

Did the gasesthey gave out killany Martian life?

y

The tests also showed that the crust of Mars is very similar

to continental crust on Earth and that volcanoes had playeda part in Mars formation.



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Did it rain on Mars?

How much water

was there on Mars?Was there life in thewater?

The surface of Mars has undergone intense erosionby massive floods and by strong winds.



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1. Give 2 uses of artificial satellites.

2. What is meant by a geostationary orbit?

3. What problems do satellites encounter in space?

4. Why do astronauts have to wear space suits whenrepairing satellites?

5. Why can the Hubble Space Telescope see muchfurther into space and produce much clearer imagesthan telescopes on Earth.

6. Why didnt NASA send astronauts to Mars instead ofspending millions of dollars on the PathfinderDiscovery Mission?

7. Give 2 reasons why there is unlikelyto be life on Mars?


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A Earth

B Jupiter

C Pluto

D Venus

1. What is the name of this planet?


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2. What force keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?A Friction

B Upthrust

C Gravity

D Nuclear


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A Comet

B Planet

C Asteroid

D Moon

3. What object from the Solar System is shown?


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4. How long does it take the Earth to spin once on its axis?A 28 days

B 24 hours

C 365.25 days

D 365 days

7l solar system and beyond

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