7&8-comprehensive approach to testing of emergency plans

8/11/2019 7&8-Comprehensive Approach to Testing of Emergency Plans

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COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO

TESTING OF EMERGENCY PLANS&

TABLE-TOP EXERCISE

R. P. Bhanushali

National Workshop on

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Bengaluru, (10-12 March, 2010)


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Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous

Chemicals Rules, 1989 (MSIHC Rules)

Rule 13 (4) & 13(5)

Obligation of the occupier to ensure that a mock

drill of on-site emergency plan conducted every 6

months and detailed report sent to the concerned

authority.

Rule 14(4)

Obligation on the Authority to ensure that a

rehearsal of the off-site emergency plan conducted

once a year.


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Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning,

Preparedness & Response) Rules, 1996.

Rule 9 (2)(g)

One of functions of DCG to conduct ONE full-

scale of a chemical accident and send a report ofstrength & weakness of the plan to the SCG

Rule 10 (2)(e)

One of the functions of LCG to conduct ONE full-

scale of a chemical accident and send a report to

DCG.


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Why to conduct Exercises?

Exercises necessary to ensure

plan elements are still applicable &

response personnel are aware of their roles

in relation to the other responding agencies.

A comprehensive programme of testing

through drills is one of the best means

for

assessing emergency plans & procedures;

promoting awareness of potential hazards.


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Why to conduct Exercises?

Assess the Plan Effectiveness

Train Staff & Assess Training

Effectiveness

Gain Recognition for the Emergency

Management Program

Legal and Contractual Obligation

Prepare for a real Emergency !


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Other Reasons fo r Exercises

Reveal Planning Weaknesses

Reveal Resource Gaps

Improve Coordination

Clarify Roles and Responsibilities

Improve Individual Performance

Assess Response Capabilities


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Where Exercises Fit in the

Emergency Management Process

Mitigation

Preparedness

Response

Recovery


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The Preparedness Cycle

1. Planning

2. Training3. Testing

Three FunctionsPlanning, Training & Exercising

Each one dependent on other two


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TYPES OF EXERCISES

Table-Top Exercise

Functional Exercise

Full-Scale Drill


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PROTOCOL


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ACTIVITIES

Preparatory Activities

Conducting the Drill

Post-Exercise Activities


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1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES

1.1 Establish a Design Team

Multidisciplinary

Responsible for Play Activities

Also work as Evaluators

Ensure design of the exercise to

prevent injury to players or public &

key Officials support the exercise.


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1.2 Decide Scale of Exercise

Select the right type of Exercise

Select Participants

PLAYERS

CONTROLLERS/FACILITATORS

EVALUATORS

OBSERVERS


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1.3 Select Exercise Objective

conduct a needs assessment

to identify areas not previously tested or

need improvement based upon

previous exercises.


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1.4 Exercise Scenario Development

sequential, narrative account of a

hypothetical accident

provides catalyst for exercise & is

intended to introduce situations to inspireresponses, and thus allow testing of the

exercise objectives.

A realistic exercise scenario provides bestopportunity to evaluate emergency plan,

training, and overall preparedness to

operate under emergency conditions.


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1.5 Exercise Evaluation

Decide criteria or standards ofperformance based upon observableresponse measures which must be

performed to meet each objectiveprior to conducting an exercise.

It is more useful to get an objective-

based rather than a subjectivejudgment based solely upon anevaluators opinion of how well an

overall function was accomplished.

1 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES


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1.5 Training & Exercising

Shortly before the exercise, enhances a

response organizations performance.

Pre-exercise training might include

communications training for all players

involved in response activities so they canbecome familiar with equipment and proper

protocol for exercises.

1 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES


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1.5 Final Preparation

Fine tune the scenario, stage and set-up the

site and equipment, and finalize logistical

and coordination aspects of the exercise..


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2. CONDUCTING THE DRILL

2.1 Orientation Seminar

Shortly before the exercise

Inform players of last-minute changes,

Review roles, responsibilities, and objectives.

Instruct players on the extent of exercise play

expected from them during the exercise whatcan and cannot be simulated.

Distribute badges to all exercise personnel.


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2. CONDUCTING THE DRILL

2.2 Actual Conduct of an Exercise

Keep exercise on track & objectives tested.Present exercise-initiating narrative;Announce first event of scenarioStimulate players responses without

intervening in a way that assumes control ofthe playManage flow and pace of the exercise by

introducing the remaining events in sequencethrough the use of control messages.

Keep exercise on schedule and terminate playat the specified end-time.

It is best to let the exercise play developnaturally,

POST EXERCISE ACTIVITIES


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POST-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES

Evaluation Process

De-Briefing

Follow-up

3 POST EXERCISE ACTIVITIES


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3. POST-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES

3.1 Evaluation Process

What is it ? systematic examination of effectiveness

Provides justification for improving plan or

additional training

On-going activities

Address each Exercise Objective :Was it met ?

If yes, what were the results ? If No, what

changes are necessary ?



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Exercise Evaluation should answer

Are additional resources reqd. ? Are parts of the plan in need of

revision ?

Is additional training required ? Are staffing levels adequate ?

Is communication systemvulnerable to overload ?

Can first response units

communicate with one another ?



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3.2 De-Briefing

Facts & Findings presented,

compared and discussed.

Questionnaire may be useful

Recommend Corrective actions

Schedule follow up



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3.3 Follow up

Documentation of Recommendations,

Implementers and probable dates of

completion

Record of follow up


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LET US PLAY

A TABLE TOP EXERCISE


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GROUND RULES


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There are 2 actions areas in front of the room. One is on-

scene and the other is the Emergency Response Center

(ERC). Participants will enter the scenario by approachingand taking their place in the appropriate action area.

The participants will fully describe the actions they would

take in a response. Discussion of options is encouraged.

The actor should clearly and audibly so that all participants

can hear the information being presented.

When an actor is nor required on scene or at the ERC, he

must return to the observation section. No directcommunication should take place between the

observation section and the action areas.

2/-

GROUND RULES

TABLE TOP EXERCISE GROUND RULES (Contd )

GROUND RULES (Contd)


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A recorder makes notes on the corresponding event sheet of all

discussion and action for later review.

The facilitator may call a time-out in the exercise if technical

advice or new information is needed to ensure that the

simulation is realistic.

When anticipated responses are crucial to the purpose of the

exercise, the facilitator may intervene to ensure that those

responses are presented.

All questions should be directed to the speaker. No commentsbeyond the direct action taking place should be made during

the exercise. General comments by observers should be made

during the evaluation period at the conclusion of the exercise.

TABLE TOP EXERCISE GROUND RULES (Contd.)GROUND RULES (Contd)


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CHEMICAL INCIDENT SCENARIOA tanker unloading anhydrous ammonia at a bulk storage

tank farm at Ice Cream International has backed over the

transfer line valve, shearing the transfer pipe and initiating amassive release of ammonia. A large vapour cloud develops

as the pressurised liquid rapidly expands and escapes into

the atmosphere.

The driver of the truck attempts to reach his emergency shut-

off valve but is overcome by the vapour cloud and collapses

before reaching the valve. The attendant at the transfer

station sees the accident and activates an on-site alarm. The

attendant, struggling to remain conscious, contacts the on-site operations center, briefly describes the accident, and

then collapses.

The cloud is moving!


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INCIDENT INFORMATION

Wind speed : 8 to 10 kilometers per hour

Wind direction : From the Southeast

Stability Class : B

Amount of Source : 300 gallons (1135.5 liters) per minute

Temperature : 31oC

Distance to adjacent Plastics Facility : 700 meters

Distance to nearest residential area : 300 meters from

fence.


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OBJECTIVES OF THE TABLE-TOP EXERCISE

1. To Test On-site Emergency Notification System of IceCream International

2. To Test the Preparedness level and knowledge ofsequence of operations to be adopted in emergency

situation


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LIST OF ACTORS

A. At the Ice Cream International

1. Truck Driver

2. Transfer Station Assistant

3. Emergency Control Centre Person

4. Ice Cream International Plant Manager

(Works Incident Controller)

5. Chief Manager (Works Main Controller)

6. Technical Group Leader (With Technical Personnel)7. Factory Medical Officer

8. Rescue Group Leader (With Rescue Team)


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LIST OF ACTORS

(Contd)

B. External Personnel

1. Civic Fire Chief (with Firemen)

2. In-Charge Local Police Station3. In-Charge Local Factory Inspectorate

4. District Collector

5. On-site Emergency Response Centre Person

6. Civic Hospital Chief7. Civil Defence Officer

8. Off-site Emergency Control Centre Person


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PARTICIPANT INSTRUCTIONS

Each actor responds to messages initiated from the scene or theERC. As each response organisation is contacted, itsrepresentative will enter either On-Scene or ERC and statethe organisationscommunication or question.

ERC represents all office locations away from the accident, so itmay become the fire station, hospital, police station, or othercentre, as required by the scenario.

Communications must be performed realistically & directly to theindividual involved, as if over a phone or radio. All conditions

must be described as in a real incident. The off-site actors cannotseethe events in the classroom.

The chain of communication should be maintained as much aspossible as it would be in an actual response incident. If oneperson must contact several people, all those contacts should be

made before the next series of contacts is made.


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TH NK YOU

7&8-comprehensive approach to testing of emergency plans

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