74 an(hk)o studyguide 2

As per the foregoing “CONTENTS” section of the AN(HK)O, the document is divided into two main sections:

Articles – acts of Parliamentary Law & Schedules – explanations on the application of the Law.

Please note that forward reference to the appropriate Schedule has been made where deemed necessary for explanation of the Article under discussion.

An aircraft operating for “Public Transport” must have a valid Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A).

The Categories of aircraft are listed in Schedule 3 (page C55) as shown on the next page.

Note: SCHEDULE 3 (page C55) states that “Transport Category (Passenger)” aircraft can fly for “Any purpose”. “Transport Category (Cargo)” aircraft may fly for “Any purpose other than the public transport of passengers”.

Accordingly animal handlers as carried on cargo flights are classified as “crew”.

The Categories of aircraft continued from previous page (C55).

The C of A remains valid only if maintenance work is performed:

- in an approved manner (in accordance with the maintenance manual)

- using approved parts. Also any airworthiness related inspections or modifications must be completed within the stipulated time or the C of A becomes invalid.

Note: Back to page C7

The Certificate of Maintenance Review (C M R) MUST be valid at all times for the aircraft to be flown. Accordingly the aircraft must always be maintained in accordance with the Approved Maintenance Schedule. The validity of the certificate must be checked by the flight crew prior to departure to ensure that it will not expire during the intended flight.

A copy of the currently valid C M R MUST be carried on board the aircraft for any flight “external” to Hong Kong. Two certificates will be required to be carried if the certificate valid at the time of departure will expire during the intended flight. Schedule 12 (page C80) as shown on the next page lists the documents required to be carried on board the aircraft.

SCHEDULE 12 (page C80) lists the documents required to be carried on Hong Kong registered aircraft when operating for public transport “external” to Hong Kong.

The C M R and all other documents relating to aircraft maintenance activities, are required to be retained for a minimum period of 2 years.


The minimum requirements for entries in a Technical Log are flight time, defect details, and other information as required by the Civil Aviation Department (CAD). These records of the daily activities and maintenance on the aircraft are then transferred to the appropriate Log Book (aircraft or engine) at a later time.

If the aircraft intends to operate a series of flights (such as a local aviation club) the entries may be placed in the Technical Log at the end of the series of flights, as long as the commander is not aware of a defect during any of the earlier flights.

“Certificate of Release to Service” (C R S) must be issued for any inspection, overhaul, repair, replacement, modification or maintenance carried out on the aircraft before the aircraft is permitted to fly. This is the document the Ground Engineer signs within the Technical Log - or on work cards - for all maintenance work carried out.

If the aircraft is diverted to an off-line port and maintenance activities are required, the commander may accept the aircraft for further flight if he considers it safe to do so without an “approved person” certifying the maintenance work.

The commander will then be required to submit a report to the Chief Executive (CAD) within ten days.

All airworthiness and safety related equipment installed on an aircraft requires maintenance work carried out: - by an approved person - in an approved manner - using approved material and the C R S to be then issued. This especially applies to the radio station/s installed in the aircraft.

The Ground Engineer will normally be the person issuing the C R S.

A flight crew member as the holder of an ATPL may issue a C R S ONLY for the adjustment and compensation of a direct reading magnetic compass.

Note: Flight crew “repair” of a direct reading magnetic compass is limited to “adjustment and compensation” only. No other “repair” is allowed - i.e. “repair, adjust and compensate” is not permitted

The equipment required to be installed on an aircraft is in accordance with SCHEDULE 5 (page C56 – C69) as shown on the next pages.

As per the foregoing Schedule 5 Aircraft Equipment tables, Scale B (page C63) safety belt requirements states that for aircraft weighing more than 2,730 kg all seats “situated alongside a pilot’s seat” must have a safety harness fitted.

Note: This statement refers to all seats within the cockpit environ. Accordingly, for a “jump seat” all 5 sections of the harness must be serviceable.

The information relating to the position of emergency equipment is as described on the passenger briefing card. This card must be present for a passenger seat to be occupied.


Radio equipment capability must be in accordance with SCHEDULE 15, Regulation 14 (page C106) as shown on the next page.

Para (c) of regulation 14 (page C106) states that “at least one” of the aids must be installed “even if for the time being it is not in operation”. This allows for regular, routine maintenance down time of the aid/es.

SCHEDULE 6 (page C69 & C70) as shown on the following pages outlines radio and radio navigation equipment required to be fitted to the aircraft.


SCHEDULE 6 (page C69 & C70) Radio and Radio Navigation Equipment lists items required. See next page (C70) for details.

SCHEDULE 6 (page C70) lists the Scale of radio equipment required.

In the event of an item of radio equipment being unserviceable prior to take off, the aircraft can complete the intended flight - if it has not made more than one flight since that item was last serviceable

i.e. it can complete a total of two flights with the item unserviceable.

For a 4 engine jet aircraft fitted with an APU there will be a total of 6 Log Books.

Any components removed from an engine or aircraft on it’s withdrawal from service for use on another engine / aircraft require maintenance history for 2 years. Therefore the “old” aircraft or engine Log Book must be preserved for 2 years.


For the Aircraft Weight Schedule, a preservation period of 6 months after the next weighing applies. This requirement also applies to other loading documents - including Load Sheets. The ramp loading manual used by the aircraft loading personnel is prepared from the information contained within the Aircraft Weight Schedule.

See Next Page (C13) for details of Crew and Licencing Requirements

In accordance with Hong Kong law the C of A includes the Flight Manual from the manufacturer.

Accordingly reference to the Flight Manual should be made in determining minimum crewing levels for a particular aircraft.

Note that as a general rule Hong Kong registered aircraft greater than 5,700kg flying for the purpose of public transport require two pilots.

For flights over isolated areas, approved navigation equipment (or a flight navigator) must be carried. See Schedule 8 on the following pages (C71 & C72) for guidance to the latitudes and longitudes this requirement relates to.

Cabin crew are required on flights where: - twenty or more passengers are carried

- 35 or more seats are installed and at least 1 passenger is carried - and if more than 50 seats are installed, an additional cabin attendant is required for every 50 or fraction of 50 seats. Accordingly an aircraft with 51 passenger seats requires 2 cabin attendants, even if only 1 passenger is carried.


An “appropriately licenced” flight crew member of Hong Kong registered aircraft will be issued a Flight Radiotelephony Restricted License.

This allows limited operation of radios as described.

If a trainee does not hold an “appropriate licence” whilst under training, no other person may be carried on the aircraft.

An “appropriate licence” to operate Hong Kong registered aircraft can be: - a current foreign license with a multi engine aircraft endorsement with - a valid Medical Certificate

- and a multi engine Instrument Rating acceptable to CAD against which they issue a “Certificate Of Validation”.

SCHEDULE 9 (page C73 & C75) as shown on the following pages relates to the issue of licences.

Note that the minimum age for an PPL is 17 years.

SCHEDULE 9 (page C73 & C75) covers Flight Crew Licences & Ratings.

Note: When utilizing a CPL for aircraft heavier than 20,000kgs operating for public transport, only the COMMANDER can be between the ages of 60 – 65.

For aircraft weighing less than 20,000kgs if, in accordance with the AOC the aircraft can be operated for the purpose of public transport utilizing a CPL, the maximum age at which a pilot can operate is 65 years.

If one pilot is over 60 years then the other pilot must be less than 60 years.

The minimum age for a CPL is 18 years.

For aircraft weighing more than 20,000kgs the maximum age at which a pilot can operate on an ATPL is 60 years.

Note that the minimum age for an ATPL is 21 years.

Note: For the Flight Radiotelephony Operator’s Restricted Licence the wording is similar to the statement seen previous relating to radio use (page C14 Article 19) by members of flight crew under requirement of licences.

A licence MUST be signed immediately on receipt to ensure it’s validity.


SCHEDULE 9 (page C76) Part B Ratings is shown on the following page.

SCHEDULE 9 (page C76 & C77) Certificate of Test is shown on the following pages.


CPL or ATPL classification is covered by Case C.

See next page (C77) for details.

The validity period of a Certificate of Test for a Case C is initially 6 months. If two Certificate of Test are conducted at least 4 months apart, but prior to expiratory of the first certificate, the total period of validity can be up to 13 months. This allows for some flexibility (leave etc).

Medical Certificate requirements covers injury, illness and pregnancy.


Revalidation of a suspended Medical Certificate may require a medical examination – at the CAD’s discretion.

A Personal flying log book is required to contain information relating to any test or examination carried out in a flight simulator as these tests form part of the licence.

Detailed requirements for Instruction in flying are covered on the next page (C19).

Note that the requirement for the trainer to hold a “flying instructor’s rating” is not applicable if the person under instruction “has previously been entitled under the order”.

A current foreign licence with a multi-engine endorsement and instrument rating acceptable to the CAD (and current medical certificate) against which a certificate of validation has been issued is compliant with this requirement. Accordingly, Cathay Pacific Airways (CPA) is not required to use trainers holding CAD flying instructor’s ratings.

The Operations Manual (FCOM) carried on CPA aircraft contains information from the Flight Manual relevant to Limitations and Performance. Accordingly the Flight Manual is not carried on board the aircraft.

(It may be viewed in the Flight Operations Resource Library.)

Note that the Training Manual is issued to trainers only.

The Operator is responsible for ensuring the stated conditions are complied with.

Detailed loading requirements are covered on the next pages (C21 & C100).

Regulation 1 in SCHEDULE 15 (page C100) is shown on the following page.

The ground copy will be kept for a minimum of 6 months.

The Commander must sign the load sheet and leave a copy on the ground.

These tables may be applied to aircraft exceeding 5,700 kg or with total seating of 12 or more persons.

As per SCHEDULE 15 (page C100) notational weight tables may be used to calculate the total weight.

The amount of baggage carried in the cabin is enforced by security staff at HKIA. Passengers with oversized hand carry will be requested to return to the check-in counter prior to entering Immigration. Senior check-in staff may issue a serialized tag to the passenger, if sufficient space is available on that particular aircraft to stow the item/s within the passenger compartment.


Note that the aircraft should not descend below 1,000 ft above the height of the aerodrome unless the RVR is acceptable.

If IFR is expected on arrival at the destination airfield an alternate aerodrome shall be selected prior to take off.

Pre-flight action requirements must be completed by the commander before flight.

The Certificate of Maintenance Review must be valid at all times.

The designated commander must be at the controls for both the take off and the landing.

The Commander shall take “all reasonable steps” to ensure the safety briefing is completed prior to take off. Note: Under extenuating circumstances the safety briefing may be deferred until after take off (at Commanders discretion).

If the aircraft will be more than 30 minutes flying from land (and is not a seaplane) a demonstration is required re: the use of life jackets.

Note: A “Cabin Ready” message in the cockpit is sufficient to satisfy the requirement of ensuring that Cabin Attendants are seated prior to take off or landing .

General aircraft radio operation requirements.

Note: A hand held microphone can be used for PA purposes at all times – even under the stated conditions.

The legal requirement for of a flight recording system to be in operation is: “The beginning of the take off run to the end of the landing run”.

The combined length of the aircraft and any towed object (e.g. glider or banner) should not exceed 150 m.

Items may be jettisoned from the aircraft in an emergency - with the commanders permission.

Gliders must be attached to the towing aircraft before it takes off (no air born lifts are permitted).

Written permission from the authority is required for parachute drops within Hong Kong.

Under the stated requirements a sporting rifle can normally be carried as long as: - it is part of the passengers baggage or consigned as cargo - it is inaccessible during the flight and - it is unloaded.

Note that “accessories” (e.g. laser sights) must also be carried in accordance with these requirements i.e. NOT in hand carry.

The commander must be informed in writing that the operator has agreed to carry the “munitions of war”.

For “combi” freighter aircraft an approved passenger exit may be blocked by cargo if the aircraft is in freight configuration for that particular area.

Door opening instructions must be on both the inside and outside of the aircraft if the door can be opened from the outside.

Note: Only one exit may be inoperative and it must be placarded with a red disk as described.

Note the term “influence”. - No specific levels of alcohol or drugs are set. - It is open to interpretation.

Note terminology: “safety, efficiency or regularity of air navigation”.

Personal private flying in light aircraft does not enter into flight time limitations.

All references to time are recorded as UTC.

The operator must be aware of all Flight Crew members flying times within the last 28 days. By retaining this record for 12 months, the Operator has a Flight Crew member’s total flight time for any 12 month period.

A Flight Crew member can not exceed 100 hours flight time in any 28 day period. This assessment is made before the applicable flight begins. A Flight Crew member can not fly in any given calendar month if at the beginning of that month the total of his last twelve months flight times exceeds 900 hours. i.e. approximately 1,000 hours in any given 12 month period is the maximum permissible.

It is the Flight Crew members responsibility to ensure that the operator is aware of all his flight times within the last 28 days.

SCHEDULE 12 (page C80) as shown on next page lists the Documents required to be carried on Hong Kong registered aircraft when in flight operating for public transport.

As per previous, SCHEDULE 12 (page C80) lists the Documents required to be carried on Hong Kong registered aircraft when operating for public transport “external” to Hong Kong.

If the aircraft is flying as per the stated requirements (e.g. a local flying club) the stated documents may be kept at the applicable aerodrome. Only those documents required in support of the flight need to be carried .

The Commander is responsible for ensuring that the required documents are available for inspection if requested.


A medical Certificate may take up to five days to be issued from the date on which the medical examination is conducted.

A personal flying log book must be retained for a minimum period of two years after the last entry.

Erasable entries are not permitted in any log book.

The Commander has 10 days to submit a report if he departs from the required Rules of the air.

The stated requirements are applicable to public transport of passengers and instruction in flying.

A light aircraft (less than 2,730 kg) being operated in Hong Kong for private use may not have any specific limitation imposed upon it re: take off and landing areas.

Regulation 16 in Schedule 15 (page C107) shown on the following page details the information required to be reported for a Mandatory Occurrence Report (MOR).

Note: For CPA, the commander normally completes appropriate entries in the Commanders Admin Report. CPA = Cathay Pacific Air The Manager Quality Assurance (MQA) then compiles the required documentation and submits the MOR within the given period – 96 hours - on behalf of CPA.

Note: The minimum penalty for any infringement of the AN(HK)O requirements will be $2,500. If appropriate to Part A, this fine increases to $5,000.

If appropriate to Part B, the starting fine is $5,000 with a further undefined limit fine and possibly imprisonment for up to two years.

Schedule 13 (page C80 & 81) as shown on the following pages, relates to Part A and Part B.

SCHEDULE 13 on page C80, lists the Article and Subject to which the appropriate penalties apply. Part A

A fine of $5,000 applies.

Page C81, SCHEDULE 13 Part A - Continued

Part B

The starting fine is $5,000, with a further undefined limit fine on being found guilty and possibly imprisonment for up to two years.

See following pages for details

See next page (C82) for regulations relevant to Low Flying over a “congested area”.

Page C82 - Regulations relevant to Low Flying

See next page (C52 para 4) for definition of the term “Crew”. “Flight crew” are cockpit personnel only.


The term “in flight”means: “from the commencement of the take off run to the end of the landing run”.

Definition of the term “crew”

Page C52 - definition of the terms “Crew”and “in flight”.

As previously seen.

See also next page (C53) for information relevant to minimum weather provisions.

As previously seen.

Lighting requirements.

Aircraft 5,700 kg or more when flying at night require red, green and white navigation lights plus an anti-collision light.

Give way to the right.

More maneuverable gives way to less maneuverable.

More maneuverable gives way to less maneuverable.

or yellow

If an aircraft is occupying the active runway and sets the incorrect frequency, the tower may release white pyrotechnics in an attempt to have it move clear of the runway.

Visual hand signals confirming that the brakes are parked (set) may be required in the event of a failure of the ground headset, or, none being available.

As previously seen.

END OF AN(HK)O PRESENTATION

74 an(hk)o studyguide 2

Documents

categories of aircraft

maintenance work

appropriate log book

approved maintenance

hong kong registered

page c80

maintenance manual

certificate valid