7151824 introduction to dbms

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Course conduct

Number of sessions

Theory / Lab Days, Timings

How to follow Lab sessions

Expectations from Students

About Oracle courseware


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Oracle course Breakup

Introduction to DBMS

SQL

PL/SQL

Oracle Architecture


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List of Books

Oracle 9i : The complete Reference

(Oracle Press)

SQL, PL/SQL Programming Language of

Oracle8 By

Ivan Bayross (BPB publication)

SQL for Professionals

By Kishore, Naik (TMH)


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INTRODUCTIONTO

DBMS


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Introduction to DBMS

Objectives -

Identify the need of DBMS

Distinguish between manual and computerised

database management

State the evolution of DBMS

State what is Database

List the components of a Database

Describe DBMS characteristics


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Key to Success

Data

Informatio

n

Knowledge

Judgement

Success


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Key to Success

Data

Information

Knowledge

Judgemen

t

Success

Organise

Analysis

Reasoning

Decision


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Approaches to

Data Management

Data Management goals

Convenient and efficient retrieval

Updating operations

Types

Manual Data Management

DBMS ( Computer based)


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Manual Data Management

Problems & limitations in Manual DataManagement

Physical volume of dataNo sharing

Data isolation

Data Redundancy

Diffused Responsibilities Difficult access to the data

Poor support for concurrent access to the data

Weak Integrity / unsatisfactory security measures


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Evolution of DBMS

The evolution of database management

system was accompanied and promoted by

advancements in computing

Hardware

Operating System

Networking


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Evolution of DBMS

Technological Advancement in Data

Management

Using computers to speedup processing of data

Advancement of processing power & storage

devices

Sharing data among multiple userCentralized to distributed processing

Centralized to distributed databases


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Changes in

Computing Scenario

Mainframe / Host based Computing

File Server / LAN based Computing

Client Server Computing

Web Based Computing


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Mainframe / Host based

Computing

Minicomputer

or Mainframe

Modem

ModemRemote

Terminal

Local

Terminal

The Server / Terminal Model : Dumb Client / Smart Server ( e.g. : Unix Environment )The Server / Terminal Model : Dumb Client / Smart Server ( e.g. : Unix Environment )


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File Server / LAN based

ComputingThe File Server Model : Smart Client / Dumb ServerThe File Server Model : Smart Client / Dumb Server

PCPC

PC

Changed data file sent to the server

Data file sent to the PC

File Server

Network Cable


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Client / Server Computing

The Client/ Server Model : Smart Client / Smart ServerThe Client/ Server Model : Smart Client / Smart Server

PCPC

PCFile Server

Network Cable

Database

Server

Query Results

Query


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Definition of a Database

Database is a collection of facts

Database is a self describing organised

collection of integrated data


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Components of a Database

Fundamental components of database are

User/Application data

Actual data / facts

Data Dictionary

Data about Data

Data that describes dataOverhead data

Indexes, Integrity etc...


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DBMS Characteristics

Control of Data Redundancy

Sharing of Data

Maintenance of Integrity

Support for Transaction Control and Recovery

Data abstraction

Data Independence

Availability of Productivity Tools

Control over Security


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Control of Data Redundancy :

DBMS does not automatically remove

redundancies but help to control redundancy

Sharing of Data :

DBMS allows many applications to share the

data

Data sharing is in a controlled manner


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Maintenance of Integrity :

Integrity of data refers to the correctness, consistency

and interrelationship of the data with the application

which uses the data

Entity Integrity

Primary key

Domain of values

Referential Integrity

Interrelationship between different data files /

tables


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Support for transaction control and Recovery

:

Transaction is a series of operations (updates)treated as single logical transaction (atomic)

With transactions database is never in a statewhere only some updates have taken place


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Data Abstraction :

Different views from different planes / levels

External view

User / application view

Conceptual view

Logical view

Internal View

Details about the structure of data

Physical storage of Information


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Data Independence :

The way information is stored and the way

information is used is independent of each other

The data and application are independent Logical data independence

Physical data Independence


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Availability of Productivity Tools :

Provides sophisticated tools for increased

programming productivity and end user

computing tools such as

Powerful query languages Screen and report painters

Other 4GL tools, etc.


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Control over security :

DBMSs provide tools by which the DBA canensure security of the data

Use of

User Code, Password

Privileges, Roles


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Processing speeds :

DBMSs provide a lot of facilities overconventional file systems

Continuos efforts towards making DBMSs

more efficient


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Hardware Independence :

Most DBMSs are available across hardwareplatforms and operating systems

Applications can be easily ported

7151824 introduction to dbms

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