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Product Description of

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ProductDescription of ZXC10-CBTS

ZTE Confidential Proprietary I

Product Description of ZXC10-CBTS

About the Document

Version Date Author Approved by Remarks

V1.00 2006-04-27 Zhu YingxinDu Jiang, Tang Xiong,

Wang YiwenNot open to the Third Party

2006-04-28 Zhu YingxinUpdate the description of

capacity indices

Copyright 2006 ZTE Corporation Shenzhen P. R. China

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporationand is not to be disclosed or used except in accordance withapplicable agreements.

Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies,information of the document is subjected to change without notice.

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ZTE Confidential Proprietary II

Table of Contents

1 Overview..................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................1

1.1.1 3G System Overview ...........................................................................................1

1.1.2 Overview of the CDMA2000 All-IP Network.....................................................1

1.1.3 Introduction to the ZXC10-BSSB........................................................................2

1.2 Position of ZXC10-CBTS in a Network ........................................................................ 2

1.2.1 CDMA2000 1X Network Architecture................................................................2

1.2.2 Interfaces of ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1X Network .............................3

1.2.3 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A RAN....................................................3

1.2.4 Interfaces of the ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A Network. 4

1.3 Standard Complied.........................................................................................................41.3.1 Primary Standards................................................................................................4

1.3.2 Lightning Protection ............................................................................................7

1.3.3 Safety ...................................................................................................................7

1.3.4 EMC.....................................................................................................................8

1.3.5 Environment.........................................................................................................9

2 Product Features ..................................................................................................................11

2.1 Multiple Frequency Bands Supported..........................................................................11

2.2 Installation Against the Wall........................................................................................11

2.3 Small Size.....................................................................................................................11

2.4 Large Capacity .............................................................................................................112.5 Technical Features........................................................................................................12

2.6 High Reliability............................................................................................................12

2.7 Smooth Capacity Expansion and Update .....................................................................12

2.8 Flexible Networking Modes.........................................................................................13

2.9 Internationalization.......................................................................................................13

2.10 Convenient Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................13

3 Main Functions .....................................................................................................................15

3.1 Radio Resource Assignment ........................................................................................15

3.2 Radio Resource Control ...............................................................................................15

3.2.1 Power Control for CDMA2000 1X....................................................................15

3.2.2 Backward Open-Loop Power Control................................................................16

3.2.3 Backward Closed-Loop Power Control .............................................................16

3.2.4 Backward Outer-Loop Power Control ............................................................... 17

3.2.5 Forward Power Control......................................................................................17

3.3 Power Control for 1xEV-DO .......................................................................................17

3.4 Handoff Control for CDMA2000 1X...........................................................................18

3.4.1 Hard Handoff .....................................................................................................19

3.5 Soft Handoff.................................................................................................................19

3.6 Handoff Control for 1xEV-DO ....................................................................................19

3.7 Support of Various Types of Channels ........................................................................ 203.7.1 1X Channel ........................................................................................................20

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ZTE Confidential Proprietary III

3.7.2 EVDO Channel ..................................................................................................20

4 System Structure ..................................................................................................................21

4.1 General Description of CBTS ......................................................................................21

4.2 BDS (Baseband Digital Subsystem) ............................................................................23

4.2.1 Overview............................................................................................................23

4.2.2 CCM (Communication Control Module)...........................................................23

4.2.3 CHM (Channel Processing Module)..................................................................24

4.2.4 GCM (GPS Control Module).............................................................................24

4.2.5 SAM (Site Alarm Module) ................................................................................ 25

4.2.6 DSM (Data Service Module) .............................................................................25

4.2.7 SNM (SDH Interface Module)...........................................................................25

4.2.8 RIM (Radio Frequency Interface Module) ........................................................25

4.2.9 BIM (BDS Interface Module)............................................................................26

4.3 RFS (Radio Frequency Subsystem) .............................................................................26

4.3.1 Overview............................................................................................................26

4.3.2 RMM (RF Management Module)......................................................................26

4.3.3 TRX (Transceiver Module)................................................................................27

4.3.4 DPA (Digital Predistortion Amplifier) ..............................................................27

4.3.5 RFE (RF Front End)...........................................................................................27

4.3.6 PIM (Power Amplifier Interface Module) .........................................................28

4.3.7 RPD (CBTS Power Distribute module) .............................................................28

4.4 PWSB...........................................................................................................................28

4.4.1 Overview............................................................................................................28

4.4.2 PPD (PWSB Power Distribution) ......................................................................28

4.4.3 PRM (Power Rectifier Module).........................................................................29

4.4.4 PMM (Power Monitoring Module)....................................................................29

5 Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................................31

5.1 Functions of the O&M .................................................................................................31

5.1.1 Performance Management .................................................................................31

5.1.2 Fault Management .............................................................................................31

5.1.3 System Tool .......................................................................................................31

5.1.4 Version Management .........................................................................................31

5.1.5 State Control ......................................................................................................32

5.1.6 Real-Time Monitoring .......................................................................................32

6 Networking and Configuration ...........................................................................................336.1 Structure and Outer View.............................................................................................33

6.2 Networking Modes of CBTS........................................................................................33

6.2.1 Abis Interface Networking.................................................................................33

6.2.2 Connection via Ethernet at the Abis Interface ...................................................34

6.2.3 BDS-RFS Networking Modes ...........................................................................35

6.3 System Application ......................................................................................................36

6.3.1 LS Mode.............................................................................................................37

6.3.2 RS Mode ............................................................................................................37

6.3.3 LEA Mode .........................................................................................................37

6.3.4 LEB Mode..........................................................................................................38

6.3.5 RE Mode ............................................................................................................39

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ZTE Confidential Proprietary IV

6.3.6 ME Mode ...........................................................................................................39

7 Technical Indices ..................................................................................................................40

7.1 Running Environment Indices......................................................................................40

7.1.1 Dimensions ........................................................................................................40

7.1.2 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment

Room..................................................................................................................40

7.1.3 Power Supply Requirments................................................................................40

7.1.4 Power Consumption...........................................................................................40

7.1.5 Grounding Requirements ...................................................................................41

7.1.6 Temperature and Humidity Requirements .........................................................41

7.1.7 Noise Requirments.............................................................................................41

7.2 Performance Indices.....................................................................................................41

7.2.1 Interface Indices.................................................................................................41

7.2.2 Capacity Indices.................................................................................................41

7.2.3 Reliability Indices ..............................................................................................42

7.2.4 RF Indices ..........................................................................................................42

7.2.5 BTS Clock Technical Indices ............................................................................45

8 Appendix A: Abbreviations .................................................................................................46

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ZTE Confidential Proprietary V

Figures and Tables

FiguresFigure 1 Typical Network Structure of the 3GPP2 All-IP Network in

LMSD Step-2 ............................................................................ 2

Figure 2 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO RevA RAN.......................... 3

Figure 3 Illustration of Power Control Process ..................................... 15

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of EV-DO virtual soft handoff ................ 20

Figure 5 Structure of the CBTS Rack ................................................... 21

Figure 6 Structure of PWSB Rack ........................................................ 21

Figure 7 Block Diagram of the ZXC10-CBTS...................................... 22

Figure 8 Outer View of CBTS .............................................................. 33

Figure 9 CDMA2000 BSS Networking ................................................ 34Figure 10 Ethernet Connection Between the BTS and the BSC ............. 34

Figure 11 BDS-RFS Networking Modes ................................................ 35

Figure 12 Reliability Comparison between a Chain Network and a Ring

Network (with link failure) ..................................................... 36

Figure 13 Configuration of CBTS in LS Mode....................................... 37

Figure 14 Configuration of CBTS in RS Mode....................................... 37

Figure 15 Configuration of CBTS in LEA Mode.................................... 38

Figure 16 Configuration of CBTS in LEB Mode.................................... 38

Figure 17 Configuration of CBTS in RE Mode ...................................... 39

Figure 18 Configuration of CBTS in ME Mode ..................................... 39

Tables

Table 1 Frequency Bands Supported ................................................... 11

Table 2 Working Modes of CBTS ....................................................... 36

Table 3 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the

Equipment Room .................................................................... 40

Table 4 Working Voltage Range of power supply............................... 40

Table 5 BTS Power Consumption during Normal Working (with DPA)

40Table 6 BTS Power Consumption during Normal Working (with LPA)

41

Table 7 Normal Working Environment Requirements for BTS .......... 41

Table 8 Receiver Indices (Low Noise Amplification) ......................... 42

Table 9 Transmitter Indices ................................................................. 43

Table 10 Receiver Indices...................................................................... 44

Table 11 Transmitter Indices ................................................................. 44

Table 12 Abbreviations.......................................................................... 46

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ZTE Confidential Proprietary Page 1

1 OVERVIEW

1.1 Background1.1.1 3G System Overview

With the fast growth of wireless services and the rapid expansion of Internet

services, the wireless communication system has to meet increasing demands for5

system capacity, data transmission rate and strong support for diverse services. The

3G mobile communication system (IMT2000) draws the attention of the whole

industry. The major feature of 3G mobile communication system is the support of

broadband service, especially the multimedia data service efficiently using

frequency spectrum. The 3G system is designed to provide a larger system capacity10

and better communication quality than 2G systems, implement seamless roaming

around the world, and provide subscribers with multiple services.Mainstream technical standards for the 3G are CDMA2000, WCDMA, and TD-

SCDMA.

The CDMA2000 standards are usually implemented technically in two phases. In15

the first phase, the CDMA2000 still adopts the spread spectrum rate of CDMA

ONE, i.e., 1 1.2288Mbps. A single carrier occupies 1.25 MHz bandwidth. It

adopts DS spread spectrum technology. The CDMA2000 system in the first phase is

also called CDMA2000 1X. In the second phase, the spread spectrum rate is 3 /6

/9 /12 /15 1.2288Mbps, respectively occupies 5/10/12/15/20MHz bandwidth. It20

adopts multi-carrier modulation technology. The CDMA2000 system in the second

phase is also called CDMA2000 3X. In addition, the 1xEV-DO Rev.A, which serves

as an enhanced standard supplemental to IS2000, supports data transmission up to

3.1Mbps in a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz.

1.1.2 Overview of the CDMA2000 All-IP Network25

The evolution from traditional networks to All-IP networks helps network builders

and operators offer more flexible service platform functions at lower costs. All-IP

networks, when integrated with 3G wireless access technologies, enable

provisioning of multimedia services over IP (including VoIP), giving network

builders and operators competitive edge.30

The overall structure of the CDMA2000 All-IP network consists of the radio access

network and the core network. The evolution of the core network is independent

from that of the radio access network.The CDMA2000 network evolves to All-IP network in several phases: Phase-0,

Phase-1, Phase-2 and Phase-3.35

1. Phase-0 is a traditional network based on circuit switching. The access networkis based on IOS 4.x, the air interface is based on CDMA2000 and the core

network is based on TIA/EIA-41.

2. Since Phase-1, the core network separates from the access network, formingindependent signaling layer and bearer layer. The access network signaling is40

transmitted over IP.

3. Phase-2 corresponds to the LMSD (Legacy MS Domain) phase, which requiresthe IP network to support traditional terminal services and provide new service

functions (such as TrFO/RTO) for users using new terminals.

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4. Phase-3 corresponds to the MMD phase, and is the end point of the evolution toAll-IP. In this phase, the air interface based on IP is implemented and finally

IP-based transmission is realized throughout the network.

Such a way of phased and independent evolution offers flexibility to operators, and

better supports the network transition policy of the traditional telecom operators.5

1.1.3 Introduction to the ZXC10-BSSB

It is foreseeable that the multimedia information such as voice, data and video will

be integrated into the IP network architecture, as are a consensus of the industry and

a mega-trend of the telecommunication network. In response to the technical

development trend, the ZXC10-BSSB has been developed on the basis of the IP10

platform. The ZXC10-BSSB consists of the ZXC10-BSCB and a variety of BTSs.

The ZXC10-BSSB features advanced and future-proof technology, high integration,

large capacity and full ranges of product series. The ZXC10-BSSB can support all

existing standards for the CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO family, and it has

supported the function of the CDMA2000 All-IP network in the LMSD phase, and15

supports the smooth evolution to the next generation All-IP network.

1.2 Position of ZXC10-CBTS in a Network

The full name of CBTS is Compact Base Transceiver Station. As the new-

generation CDMA compact macro-BTS rolled out by ZTE, ZXC10-CBTS has such

advantages as a small size, a large capacity, a small weight, and a small footprint. In20

addition, ZXC10-CBTS can be installed against the wall.

The CBTS and BTS mentioned in this document refer to ZXC10-CBTS.

1.2.1 CDMA2000 1X Network Architecture

Figure 1 shows a typical CDMA20001X All-IP network in the LMSD phase.

in

te

rn

et

25

Figure 1 Typical Network Structure of the 3GPP2 All-IP Network in LMSD Step-2

The overall network architecture of the All-IP network in the LMSD phase consists

of the radio access network and the core network, which are independent of each

other.

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Radio Access Network (RAN)

Located between the MS (Mobile Station) and the CN (Core Network), the RAN is

responsible for processing radio signals, terminating radio protocols, and connecting

the MS with the core network. It consists of two parts, BSC/PCF (generally referred

to as BSC) and BTS.5

The BTS is located between the BSC and the MS in the CDMA2000 1X system.Under the control of the BSC, the BTS is the radio transceiver equipment serving

one cell or multiple logical sectors.

Connecting with the BSC through the Abis interface, the BTS helps the BSC

manage radio resources, radio parameters and interfaces. Over the Um interface, it10

also transmits and receives radio signals to enable the communication between the

radio network system and the Mobile Station/Access Terminal (MS/AT), as well as

implements related control functions.

Core Network

The core network performs the mobility management, network-side authentication15

and interface of public networks. The core network consists of the CS (CircuitSwitching) domain and the PS (Packet Switching) domain: The CS network consists

of NE such as MSCe, MGW, MRFP, SGW, SCPe and HLRe; the PS core network

consists of PDSN (Packet Data Service Node) and AAA. The CS supports two

transmission technologies, IP and TDM, to implement the access of the BSS. The20

CS core network can interwork with the TIA/EIA/IS-41 and GSM MAP networks,

as well as the fixed PSTN.

1.2.2 Interfaces of ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1X Network

In CDMA2000 1X network, the BTS is connected to the BSC via the Abis interface,

to the MS via the Um interface.25

1. Abis Interface: The Abis protocol is an interface protocol between the BSCand BTS. It contains two parts in the application layer: control part (Abisc) and

service part (Abist). The control part converts the Um interface control channel

signaling, and the service part controls the traffic channel.

2. Um Interface: The UmInterface is an interface between the BTS and MS. It30complies with the standard of IS-2000 Release A.

1.2.3 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A RAN

Figure 2 shows the reference model for the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A RAN.

Figure 2 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO RevA RAN35

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The CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A system consists of Access Terminal (AT), RAN,

and core network.

RAN

The RAN provides the radio bearer between the core network and AT, responsible

for establishing, maintaining and releasing radio channels, to manage the radio5

resources and mobility. RAN consists of such functional entities as Access Network,Packet Control Function (PCF) and Access Network AAA (hereafter referred to as

AN-AAA).

The AN consists of BSC and BTS. It is a kind of network equipment that provides

data connections between the packet network and the access terminal, to implement10

the BTS transmitting/receiving, call control and mobility management.

The AN-AAA is a logical entity for the access network to implement access

authentication and user authentication. It exchanges the parameters and results for

access authentication with AN through the A12 interface.

PCF and AN jointly implement the radio channel control function related to the15

packet data service. In the specific implementation of ZXC10-BSCB, PCF is

configured together with BSC, and the A8/A9 interface is the internal interface for

AN/PCF. PCF communicates with PDSN through the A10/A11 interface.

Core Network

The core network consists of the packet core network and the switching core20

network. The PS core network includes such functional entities as PDSN and AAA;

the switching core network includes MSCe.

AT

The AT is a device providing data connections for users. It can be connected to a

computing device (such as a PC), or serve as an independent data device (such as25

mobile phone).

1.2.4 Interfaces of the ZXC10-CBTS in the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.ANetwork

In CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A network, the BTS is connected to the BSC via the

Abis interface, to the AT via the Air interface or Um interface.30

Abis Interface

The Abis protocol is an interface protocol between the BSC and BTS. It contains

two parts in the application layer: control part (Abisc) and service part (Abist). The

control part converts the Um interface control channel signaling, and the service part

controls the traffic channel.35

Um Interface

The UmInterface is an interface between the BTS and the AT. It complies with the

IS-856-A standard.

1.3 Standard Complied

1.3.1 Primary Standards40

3GPP2 A.S0011-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification

(IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 1 Overview.

3GPP2 A.S0012-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification(IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 2 Transport.

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(IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 3 Features.


(IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 4 (A1, A1p,

A2, and A5 Interfaces).5


(IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 5 (A3 and A7

Interfaces)


(IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 6 (A8 and A910

Interfaces).


(IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 7 (A10 and

A11 Interfaces).

3GPP2 A.S0001-A version 2.0 (3G-IOS v4.1): Interoperability15

Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000 Access Network Interfaces.

3G-IOS v4.3: Interoperability Specification (IOS) for CDMA2000

Access Network Interfaces.

3GPP2 C.S0001-A version 5.0: Introduction to CDMA2000

Standards for Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A.20

3GPP2 C.S0002-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.2-A-2): Physical

Layer Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release

A.

3GPP2 C.S0003-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.3-A-2): Medium

Access Control (MAC) Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum25

Systems - Release A, Addendum 2.

3GPP2 C.S0004-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.4-A-2): Signaling

Link Access Control (LAC) Specification for CDMA2000 Spread

Spectrum Systems - Release A.

3GPP2 C.S0005-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.5-A-2): Upper30

Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum

Systems - Release A, Addendum 2.

ANSI J-STD-008, Personal Station-Base Station Compatibility

Requirement for 1.8 to 2.0 GHz Code Division Multiple Access

(CDMA) Personal Communications Systems, 1996.35

TIA/EIA/TSB-58, Administration Parameter Value Assignments for

TIA/EIA Wideband Spread Spectrum Standards, 1995.

TIA/EIA/TSB-74, Support for 14.4 Kbps Data Rate and PCS

Interaction for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System, 1995.

TIA/EIA/IS-95-A, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility40

Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular

Systems.

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TIA/EIA/IS-95, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard

for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems.

TIA/EIA/IS-637, Short Message Services for Wideband Spread

Spectrum Cellular Systems, 1997.

TIA/EIA/IS-127, Enhanced Variable Rate Codec Speech Service5

Option 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems, 1996.

TIA/EIA/IS-634A, MSC-BS Interface for Public Communications

Networks, 1998.

TIA/EIA/IS-658, Data Service Interworking Function Interface for

Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems.10

CDG RF36, Markov Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum

Communications Systems.

TIA/EIA/IS-725, Over-the-Air Service Provisioning of Mobile

Stations in Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1997. TIA/EIA/IS-728, Inter-System Link Protocol.15

TIA/EIA/IS-733, High Rate Speech Service Option 17 for Wideband

Spread Spectrum Communication Systems.

TIA/EIA/IS-707, Data Service Options for Wideband Spread

Spectrum Systems, 1998.

TIA/EIA/IS-707-A-2 Data Service Options for Spread Spectrum20

Systems Addendum 2, 2000.

ITU-T Q.714 Signaling connection control part (SCCP).

ITU-T Q.704 Signal link (MTP3).

ITU-T Q.703 Signal link (MTP2).

3GPP2 C.S0024-A (TIA/EIA IS-856-A): CDMA2000 High Rate25

Packet Data Air Interface Specification, August 2005.

3GPP2 C.S0024 (TIA/EIA IS-856): CDMA2000 High Rate Packet

Data Air Interface Specification, October 2002.

3GPP2 A.S0008 (TIA/EIA IS-878), IOS Specification for High Rate

Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces.30

3GPP2 A.S0008-A.

3GPP2 A.S0007, Inter-Operability Specification (IOS) for High Rate

Packet Data (HRPD) Access Network Interfaces, November 2001.

3GPP2 C.S0029: Test Application Specification (TAS) for High Rate

Packet Data Air Interface.35

3GPP2 C.S0032-A, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards

for CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network, December

2005.

3GPP2 C.S0032, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards

for CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network, January40

2004.

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3GPP2 C.S0010-A (TIA-97-D), Recommended Minimum

Performance Standards for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base

Stations, March 2001.

C00-20050718-129__C.S0054_v2.0V-VResolutionText

XP0011-3-Nov2004-v05-R&Fresolved5 XP0011-4-Nov2004-v05-R&Fresolved

1.3.2 Lightning Protection

IEC 61312-1 (1995) Protection against Lightning Electromagnetic

Impulse Part I: General Principles.

IEC 61643-1 (1998) Surge Protective devices connected to low-10

voltage power distribution systems.

ITU-T K.11 (1993) Principles of Protection against Overvoltage and

Overcurrent. ITU-T K.27 (1996) Bonding Configurations and Earthing Inside a

Telecommunication Building.15

ETS 300 253 (2004) Equipment Engineering; Earthing and bonding

of telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centres.

1.3.3 Safety

GB 4943-2000: Safety of information technology equipment.

IEC 60950 Safety of information technology equipment including20

Electrical Business Equipment.

IEC 60215 Safety requirement for radio transmitting equipment.

CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1-M94 Audio, Video and Similar Electronic

Equipment.

CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 950-95 Safety of Information Technology25

Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment.

UL 1419 Standard for Professional Video and Audio Equipment

73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive.

UL 1950 Safety of information technology equipment Including

Electrical Business Equipment.30

IEC60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by

enclosure (IP Code).

GOST 30631-99. General Requirements to machines, instruments and

other industrial articles on stability to external mechanical impacts

while operating.35

GOST R 50829-95. Safety of radio stations, radio electronic

equipment using transceivers and their components. The general

requirements and test methods.

GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrotechnical devices. The general safetyrequirements.40

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1.3.4 EMC

TS 25.105; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4;

UTRA (BS) TDD: Radio transmission and reception89/336/EEC

EMC directive Council directive of 3 May 1989 on approximation of

laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility.5 CISPR 22 (1997): Limits and methods of measurement of radio

disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment.

EN 301 489-1 Part 1: Common technical requirements.

EN 301 489-26 Part 26: Specific conditions for CDMA 1x spread

spectrum Base Stations, repeaters and ancillary equipment.10

IEC 61000-6-1: 1997: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6:

Generic standards - Section 1: Immunity for residential, commercial

and light-industrial environments.

IEC 61000-6-3: 1996: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6:Generic standards - Section 3: mission standard for residential,15

commercial and light industrial environments.

IEC 61000-3-2 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part

3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emissions

(equipment input current = 16 A).

IEC 61000-3-3 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part20

3: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in

low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current = 16 A.

IEC 61000-4-2 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 2: Electrostatic

discharge immunity test.25


4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 3: Radiated, radio-

frequency electromagnetic field immunity test.


4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 4: Electrical fast30

transient/burst immunity test.


4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity

test.

IEC 61000-4-6 (1996): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part35

4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 6: Immunity to

contacted disturbances, induced by radio frequency fields.


4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 11: Voltage dips,

short interruptions and voltage variations. Immunity tests.40

ITU-T Recommendation K.20: Resistibility of Telecommunication

Switching Equipment to Overvoltages and Overcurrents.

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CFR 47, FCC Part 15: Radio Frequency Device.

TS 25.113v3.1.0: 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical

Specification Group Radio Access Networks; Base station EMC.

ITU-R Rec. SM.329-7: Spurious emissions.

GOST R 51318.22-99: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical5equipment. Man-made noise from informational equipment. Limits

and test methods.

GOST 30429-96: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical

equipment. Man-made noise from equipment and apparatus used

together with service receiver systems of civil application. Limits and10

test methods.

1.3.5 Environment

GB 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code).

GB 4798 Environmental conditions for electrician and electronic

products application.15

IEC 60529 "Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)"

IEC 60721-3-1: Classification of environmental conditions- Part3:

Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their

severities-Section 1: Storage.

IEC 60721-3-2: Classification of environmental conditions- Part3:20

Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their

severities-Section 2: Transportation. IEC 60721-3-3 (1994): Classification of environmental conditions -

Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their

severities - Section 3: Stationary use at weather protected locations.25

IEC 60721-3-4 (1995): Classification of environmental conditions -

Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their

severities - Section 4: Stationary use at non-weather protected

locations.

ETS 300 019-2-1: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental30

conditions and environmental tests for telecommunicationsequipment; Part 2-1, Specification of environmental tests Storage.

ETS 300 019-2-2: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental

conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications

equipment; Part 2-2, Specification of environmental tests35

Transportation.



equipment; Part 2-3, Specification of environmental tests

Transportation Stationary use at weather-protected locations.40

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equipment; Part 2-4, Specification of environmental tests

Transportation Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations.

IEC 60068-2-1 (1990): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests A:5

Cold.

IEC 60068-2-2 (1974): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests B:

Dry heat.

IEC 60068-2-6 (1995): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test

Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal).10

GOST 15150-69: Machines, instruments and other industrial articles.

Applications for different climatic regions. Categories, operating,

storage and transportation conditions in compliance with the

environmental factors.

GOST 23088-80: Electronic equipment. Requirements to packing and15

transportation and test methods.

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2 PRODUCT FEATURES

Using an All-IP structure, ZTEs new-generation CBTS can fully satisfy userdemands for multiple services. The CBTS system features a small size, a large

capacity, a small weight, high power, multiple services, various ways of

transmission, and a variety of power supply systems. It can be installed against the5

wall. The industry-leading ZXC10-CBTS has the following advantages.

2.1 Multiple Frequency Bands Supported

ZXC10-CBTS supports multiple bands such as 800M, 450M, 1900M and 2100M, as

listed in the following table.

Table 1 Frequency Bands Supported10

SN Frequency Band Uplink Frequency

(MHz)

Downlink Frequency

(MHz)

1 800M (Band Class 0) 824849 869894

2 1900M (Band Class 1) 18501910 19301990

3 450M (Band Class 5) 450457.5 460467.5

4 2100M (Band Class 6) 19201980 21102170

5 850M (Band Class 10) 806821 851866

2.2 Installation Against the Wall

The ZXC10-CBTS can be installed against the wall. All operations and maintenance

activities for the ZXC10-CBTS can be conducted at the front door, helping

installation and maintenance.

2.3 Small Size15

The ZXC10-CBTS uses a compact structure.

The ZXC10-CBTS consists of the CBTS cabinet and the PWSB cabinet. The CBTS

cabinet is a standard 19 one and the PWSB cabinet is an optional one.

Dimensions of the CBTS cabinet: 850 mm (H) x 600 mm (D) x 600 mm (W)

Dimensions of the PWSB: 850 mm (H) x 600 mm (D) x 100 mm (W)20

The ZXC10-CBTS only needs a small space, thus greatly saving the equipment

room space.

2.4 Large Capacity

1. A single rack (single local RF system) supports up to 12 carrier-sectors. And itsupports 24 carrier-sectors upon rack combination.25

2. With a single digital baseband shelf, it supports 12 carrier-sectors. In aCDMA2000 1X system, it supports 24 carrier-sectors.

3. In a DO network, a single BTS supports up to 24 carrier-sectors; in a 1Xnetwork, a single BTS supports 48 carrier-sectors, which is the largest traffic

capacity in the CDMA industry.30

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With a large capacity, the ZXC10-CBTS not only reduces the number of BTSs used

in areas with heavy traffic, but also saves the construction cost in auxiliary facilities

such as transmission, equipment room, power supply, and tower.

2.5 Technical Features

1. The ZXC10-CBTS supports smooth update to next 3G technology such as51xEV-DO Rev.B, and smooth evolution to the All-IP network;

2. With an internal All-IP architecture and network fabric of high throughput, theZXC10-CBTS is able to guarantee the complete QoS and high reliability.

3. With the IP-based CUDP/PPPMux/MultilinkPPP protocol at the Abis interface,the ZXC10-CBTS can improve the transmission efficiency and reduce10

transmission cost.

4. The ZXC10-CBTS adopts the multi-frequencies digital intermediate frequency(IF) technology to greatly reduce RF modules.

5. The extended support can be provided for the transmit diversity, intelligentantenna and linear pre-distortion power amplifier.15

6. With a small size and light weight, the ZXC10-CBTS saves the floor space andeasies transportation and installation.

7. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the channel sharing of all carrier-sectors with theCSM being the resolution. It is possible to configure different types of BTSs

through specific software configuration, for example, 4F3S, 2F6S, and 1F12S.20

8. With the transmission system of a high multiplexing ratio at the base band RFinterface, the ZXC10-CBTS supports the data transmission of 24 carrier-sectors

through a pair of fibers, and the ring networking and link backup changeover

with high reliability.

9. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the board logics and dynamic software download,25

thus reducing much work of upgrade and maintenance.

2.6 High Reliability

1. The ZXC10-CBTS uses advanced designs of EMC and EMI.

2. The remote RFS supports fiber ring networking as well as link backup/switchover. The link switchover is independent of the board30

switchover, thus considerably improving the transmission reliability.

3. The clock system accommodates both the GPS and the GLONASS.

4. Key boards adopt the design of 1+1 hot backup.

5. GPS adopts dual-ovenized crystal to ensure short-term stability of the clock.

The HOLDOVER algorithm is adopted to enable 72-hour locked mode after35the GPS signals are lost, so that the normal operation of the BTS can be

guaranteed.

2.7 Smooth Capacity Expansion and Update

1. All boards are hot swappable, which facilitates on-line upgrade andmaintenance of the BTS.40

2. The CHM board supportssub-card to enable flexible configuration.

3. A single digital baseband shelf enables 24 carrier-sectors (a single shelf canprovide CE resource needs for 12 carrier-sector at least (12 carrier-sectors for

the DO system and 24 carrier-sectors for the 1X system) and supports smooth

expansion by stack overlapping.45

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4. The ZXC10-CBTS supports smooth expansion from a small capacity to largecapacity, for example, increases the capacity or the number of CHM boards.

5. The ZXC10-CBTS supports smooth capacity expansion of carrier-sectors,either from a single carrier to multiple carriers or from a single sector to

multiple sectors.5

6. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the configuration for a complete separation of thebaseband part and the RF part, as well as multi-sector remote RF module.

7. The ZXC10-CBTS supports the interchangeable insertion of CHMs of 1x withdifferent scales and CHMs of 1xEV-DO, providing convenient maintenance for

future upgrade.10

2.8 Flexible Networking Modes

1. When both the BTS and the BSC are installed in the same equipment room orthey are placed near each other, it is recommended to connect them directly. In

this case, a complicated Abis link compression protocol is not required. Thus

the cost is reduced and the reliability is improved.15

2. The Abis interface supports star, chain, tree, and ring networking of the CBTSto meet various terrain and networking requirements.

3. The Abis interface supports either 75/120/100 E1/T1 or built-in SDHtransmission interfaces to meet various transmission requirements.

4. The CBTS supports access to either 220VAC power supply or 48 V DC20power supply. The primary power supply can be integrated in the BTS system

and so no power supply equipment is required.

5. The remote RFS supports ring networking as well as link backup/switchover.

2.9 Internationalization

The design has taken into accounts the internationalization needs.25

CBTSs support multi-frequency series, provide Band Class 0 (800M), Band Class 5

(450M), Band Class 10 (850M), Band Class 1 (1.9G), Band Class 6 (2.1G).

The Abis interface supports 75/120/100 ohmE1/T1.

The CBTS supports access to either 220VAC power supply or 48 V DC power

supply.30

2.10 Convenient Operation and Maintenance

1. The ZXC10-CBTS supports Order Wire (OW) phone: the networkmanagement path carried by SDH equipment can be used to provide access to

the OW phone at the BTS side, which easies communication between the

maintenance personnel at the BTS side and those at the BSC or other BTSs.35

2. The remote RFS also provides OW phone interfaces to enable communicationbetween the BDS/BSC and the RFS.

3. The CBTS has the test module BTM to provide the BTS with functions like on-line test, calibration, and performance evaluation.

4. The ZXC10-CBTS provides Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) at the BTS40side. The BTS side provides a 10M Ethernet test port to interface with the LMT

and perform control, functional test and performance parameter collection for

basebandRF module of the BTS.

5. The ZXC10-CBTS has a powerful capability of in-service upgrade (includinglogic, MCU program, BOOT program, and FLASH file) to ease maintenance.45

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6. The Graphic User Interface (GUI) with the unified style is friendly and simplein operation. It provides topology map, toolbar, and real rack layout, making

the maintenance work convenient and effective.

7. The object-oriented design makes it easy for the ZXC10-CBTS to add newfunctions, so that the ZXC10-CBTS can adapt to the continuous growth of5

CDMA network. With tailored solutions it can meet the specific requirement ofvarious users.

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3 MAIN FUNCTIONS

The ZXC10-CBTS possesses powerful functions such as radio resource assignment,control and power control.

3.1 Radio Resource Assignment

Radio resource assignment involves CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO system.5

For CDMA2000 1X, radio resource assignment refers to radio channel assignment,

WALSH code assignment, CE assignment and frame offset assignment. In terms of

limited resources, the order should be radio channel, CE, frame offset and WALSH

code in turn, and the first two are easy to be limited, while the last two have enough

resources.10

For 1xEV-DO, radio resource assignment refers to dispatching of forward traffic

channel, MacIndex assignment, reverse CE assignment and reverse frame offset

assignment.

Radio resource assignment is completed by CCM database.

3.2 Radio Resource Control15

Radio channel configuration data of BTS cells reside on the CCM foreground

database. After CCM is powered on, it reads these configuration data from the

FLASH or background database. The foreground database subsystem will manage

these configuration data.

1. CE initial configuration20

2. Configuration of control channel

3. Configuration of traffic channel. For CDMA2000 1X system, it includes FCHoperation and operations for F-SCH and R-SCH.

3.2.1 Power Control for CDMA2000 1X

Power control means to control the actual transmission power of the mobile phone25

or BTS in radio transmission to keep it as low as possible, to reduce the power

consumption of mobile phone and BTS and the interference of the entire CDMA

network. The prerequisite of power control is to ensure the good communication

quality of the ongoing calls. Figure 3 illustrates the power control process.

A B 30Figure 3 Illustration of Power Control Process

As shown in Figure 3, a mobile phone at point A is relatively far from the

transmitting antenna of the BTS, while the transmission loss of electric wave in the

space is proportional to the 3rd power of the distance. Therefore, to ensure the

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communication quality, the mobile phone at point A has to use a relative high

transmitting power during communication. Comparatively, point B is closer to the

BTS transmitting antenna, resulting in a smaller transmission loss; so, to obtain

similar communication quality, a mobile phone at point B can use a lower

transmitting power during communication. When a mobile phone in communication5

is moving from point A towards point B, the power control can reduce its

transmitting power gradually. On the contrary, if it is moving from point B towards

point A, the power control can increase its transmitting power gradually.

Power control can be divided into forward power control and backward power

control, either of which is performed independently. The so-called backward power10

control refers to the control of the mobile phone transmitting power, while forward

power control refers to the control of the BS transmitting power. Whether it is

forward power control or backward power control, both of them can reduce the

interference in the forward or backward direction, and simultaneously decrease the

power consumption of mobile phones or BTS by decreasing the transmitting power.15

And the most obvious advantages shown by them are: the average conversation

quality of the whole CDMA network is improved, the network capacity is enhanced,

and the usage time of the mobile phone batteries is prolonged.

In a CDMA cellular mobile communication system, the following power control

modes are available:20

1. Backward open-loop power control

2. Backward closed-loop power control

3. Backward outer-loop power control

4. Forward closed-loop power control

3.2.2 Backward Open-Loop Power Control25

Backward open-loop power control refers to such a process that the MS estimates

the path loss of the forward link as the basis for the judgment of the backward linkloss by measuring the signal power from the BTS, and thereby determines its own

transmitting power. That means the backward open-loop power control is intended

to eliminate the average link loss and slow attenuation (caused by the shadow30

effect).

The backward open-loop power control algorithm is described as follows:

1. In access state, to prevent the MS from transmitting with a too-high power atthe beginning, which might cause unnecessary interference, the MS first uses

the access trial program.35

2. In the backward traffic channel state, the open-loop adjustment part of theaverage output power of an MS only varies with the average input power. To

compensate for the average path loss and slow fading, the open-loop powercontrol is provided with a very big dynamic range, which is at least 32 dB. In

addition, the open-loop power control response time should be neither too fast40

nor too slow, so as to avoid power waste along with the forward link fast

fading. Generally, the response time constant can be 2030 ms, with theaccuracy of 0.5 dB.

3.2.3 Backward Closed-Loop Power Control

Since the forward and backward link frequencies are 45 MHz apart, which is far45

over the related bandwidth, the backward link contains losses that have been not

eliminated in the open loop and are independent of the forward link. To implement

accurate power control, the closed-loop power control technology must be used forcompensation, that is, that BTS auxiliary MS detects the SNR of the backward

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traffic channel every 1.25 ms, and then compares it with a preset threshold to

generate the corresponding power control command, inserts it into the forward

traffic channel to send it to the MS.

3.2.4 Backward Outer-Loop Power Control

Backward outer-loop power control is used for dynamic adjustment of the SNR5

threshold 0NEb

in backward closed-loop power control. Outer-loop power control is a

most characteristics part in reverse power control. It effectively combines the error

frame ratio that affects the voice quality with the SNR in the reverse closed-loop

power control. Therefore the effect of power control is expressed not only by the

expansion of capacity, but also by the improvement of voice quality. Similarly, there10

is no specific definition or description about reverse outer-loop power control in the

standard, which means that reverse outer-loop power control design has great

flexibility and different producers provide different implementation methods.

3.2.5 Forward Power Control

The following description is based on an 8K vocoder. For an 8K vocoder system, the15information provides for power control contains only power measurement report.

When we perform forward power control in the periodical reporting mode, because

the control period is long, the effect of forward power control is very little. As an

effective forward power control algorithm is required to perform as quick control as

possible, this system selects the threshold control mode.20

The forward power control algorithm can be described with the following two rules:

1. Rule 1: If the power measurement report is received, the transmitting power isincreased.

2. Rule 2: If no power measurement report is received, the transmitting power isdecreased.25

During voice communication, what actually affects the voice quality is error frame

rate: when the error frame rate is relatively high, users will subjectively feel that the

voice quality is worse; when the error frame rate is relatively low, users will feel that

the voice quality is better. In a CDMA system, it is defined that the uplink error

frame rate must not exceed a threshold, which is normally 1%, to ensure the voice30

quality. This threshold value can be implemented by determination of the ratio

between the increase of power amplitude and the decrease of power amplitude.

Based on this, an ideal parameter configuration is: If the communication link

receives power measurement report, this channel transmitting power increases 1 dB;

if no power measurement report is received, the forward channel transmitting power35

decreases by 0.01 dB.

3.3 Power Control for 1xEV-DO

In 1xEV-DO system, as the forward power is constant, power control is not required.

Power control is performed in the reverse channel, which involves open loop power

estimation and closed-loop power correction.40

The reverse power control has a control over the output power of the accessed

terminal to ensure the quality of the reverse link while minimizing the interference

and maximizing the system capacity. The system will reach the largest capacity only

when the average reverse link SNR of all users supports the acceptable performance

with the minimum overheads.45

The power control for 1xEV-DO falls into three parts:

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1. Open loop power control: The AT determines the condition of the reverse link based on the receiving power of the forward pilot channel, and adjusts the

initial transmitting power to compensate for the path loss.

2. Closed-loop power control: The AT feedbacks the power control information inthe RPC (Reverse Power Control) based on the demodulation performance of5

the reverse data, and adjusts the transmitting power of the reverse pilot.3. Outer-loop power control: It is based on the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)

of the BSC.

Each AT estimates the total receiving power of the assigned CDMA forward

channels. Based on this measurement and the correction provided by the AN, the AT10

adjusts its transmitting power to a predefined level to compensate for the path loss of

the AN. As for the closed-loop correction, the AT adjusts its transmitting power to

response to each effective power control command received on the forward link. In

1xEV-DO system, the AT adjusts its pilot power level based on the information

transferred through the close loop power control, and the DRC and ACK channel15

power vary with the pilot channel power. The relative gains for the traffic, DRC and

ACK channels shall be set with sufficient space for the power of the AT. The

purpose of the close loop correction is to keep the reverse pilot receiving SNR

within the threshold (PCT) or the setting value of the power control in spite of the

channel condition, so that the desired PER (Packet Error Rate) can be guaranteed20

(the nominal PER is 1%). The RPC is used to adjust the power control threshold

dynamically to ensure the 1% PER algorithm for the reverse traffic channel.

3.4 Handoff Control for CDMA2000 1X

In the CDMA2000 cell system, the radio frequency resource multiplexing

technology is fully employed to make one area jointly covered by multiple cells.25

Thus the concept of cross-cell automatic handoff comes forth. For example, when a

mobile subscriber moves from the covered area of one cell to another cell duringconversation, automatic handoff of the channel should be performed so that the call

is not interrupted. This process should be preformed without being noticed by the

subscriber or the intervention of the subscriber.30

Since the frequency multiplexing rate of the CDMA2000 cellular mobile

communication system can reach 100%, apart from the general hard handoff

(handoff between different frequencies), the CDMA2000 cellular mobile

communication system also provides the soft handoff function. That is, handoff for

the same carrier, which greatly lowers the call-drop rate resulting from handoff and35

enhances the communication reliability. In addition to upgrading service quality, the

soft handoff also improves the voice quality, and increases the system capacity to a

certain extent. In the CDMA2000 cellular mobile communication system, soft

handoff among up to 6 parties can be supported.

In the CDMA2000 cellular mobile communication system, handoff can be classified40

into the following types:

1. Soft handoff: In this type of handoff, when an MS starts to communicate with anew BTS, the communication with the original BTS is not immediately cut off.

A soft handoff must be implemented between CDMA channels of the same

frequency;45

2. Softer handoff: This is a special case of soft handoff. It refers to the softhandoff between different sectors of the same BTS;

3. Hard handoff: This is the handoff between CDMA channels with different

frequencies, channels with different frame offsets and different BSC BTSs.During such a handoff, the MS disconnects from the original BTS and then gets50

into contact with the new BTS;

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4. Other kinds of handoffs: Access handoff, access probe handoff, channelassignment reach soft handoff and MS auxiliary hard handoff and database

auxiliary hard handoff. These handoffs diversify and perfect CDMA handoffs,

greatly reduce call loss rate, enhance the call connection rate and effectively

improve communication quality.5

3.4.1 Hard Handoff

CBTS supports all the following hard handoff modes:

1. Handoff between different carriers within the same BTS;

2. Handoff between different carriers in different BTSs within the same BSC;

3. Handoff between different frequencies in different BSCs within the same MSC;10

4. Handoff between different frequencies in different BTSs of different MSCs.

The half soft handoff flow is implemented for handoff within the same BSC. Due to

resource occupation, identical frequency is not available nor can identical frame

offset be used within the destination BTS, it is only possible to select other radio

resources. However, in order to reduce the handoff seam without replacing the15 vocoder, such a handoff is sometimes called half soft handoff. After the air handoff

instruction is sent, the radio resource and radio channel of the source BTS must be

released.

3.5 Soft Handoff

CBTS supports all the following soft handoff modes:20

1. Handoff between different sectors of the same carrier frequency in the sameBTS;

2. Handoff in the same carrier between different BTSs in the same BTC;

3. Handoff in the same carrier between different BSCs in the same MSC.

3.6 Handoff Control for 1xEV-DO25

CBTS supports all the following soft handoff modes:

1. Idle handoff: AT Idle handoff between different cell, different BTS, differentBSC/PCF different PDSN;

2. Soft handoff add/ Softer handoff add;

3. Soft handoff drop/ Softer handoff drop;30

4. virtual soft handoff;

5. A13 handoff between ANs;

6. handoff between different subnet intra-AN;7. handoff between 1X network and 1xEV-DO.

The system supports 1xEV-DO virtual soft handoff, as shown in Figure 4. In the35

virtual handoff mode, the Access Terminal (AT) always selects dynamically to

receive the data from an activated sector with the most desirable forward wireless

condition. At the same time only one forward sector can send the data, thus

considerably improving data flow of the system.

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Figure 4 Schematic diagram of EV-DO virtual soft handoff

3.7 Support of Various Types of Channels

3.7.1 1X Channel

The 1X system supports various types of channels including Forward/Reverse Pilot5

Channel (F/R-PICH), Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH), Forward Quick Paging

Channel (F-QPCH), Forward Synchronous Channel (F-SYNCH), Forward /Reverse

Fundamental Channel (F/R-FCH), Forward/Reverse Supplementary Channel (F/R-

SCH), Forward/Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (F/R- DCCH) and Reverse

Access Channel (R-ACH).10

3.7.2 EVDO Channel

1. The 1xEV-DO Rev.A forward channel is time-division multiplexed by thefollowing channels: forward pilot channel, forward MAC channel, and forward

traffic/control channel. forward MAC channel including four subchannels:

reverse power control channel RPC, data rate control lock channel DRCLock,15

reverse activated channel RA, ARQ channel). Forward control channel

including asynchronous Control channel, Synchronous Control channel, Sub-

Synchronous Control channel (SSC).

2. The 1xEV-DO Rev.A reverse channel consists of the following channels:

reverse access channel (including two subchannels: pilot channel and data20 channel), reverse traffic channel (including five subchannels: reverse pilot

channel, reverse rate indication channel RRI, data rate control channel DRC,

Ack channel and data channel), reverse auxiliary pilot channel, Data Source

Control subchannel (DSC).

3. The 1xEV-DO Rev.A supports multi-paging channel.25

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4 SYSTEM STRUCTURE

4.1 General Description of CBTS

Figure 5 Structure of the CBTS Rack

5

Figure 6 Structure of PWSB Rack

Figure 5 illustrates the structure of the CBTS rack, which is composed of the Base

Band Subsystem (BDS) and Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS). If 48 V DC power

supply cant be provided by operator, Power Supply Subsystem (PWSB) is needed.

The PWSB cabinet is for option.10

1. BDS: it consists of a master digital base band system (MBDS) and slave digitalbase band systems (SBDS). The MBDS contains Channel Processing Module

(CHM), Communication Control Module (CCM), Data Service Module

(DSM), RF Interface Module (RIM), in-built SDH Interface Module (SNM),

GPS Control Module (GCM), Site Alarm Module (SAM), etc. There are 0 to 115

slave digital base band systems, with the structure similar to that of the MBDS.

The SBDS may not have DSM, SNM and GCM. The SCM in SBDS takes

place of CCM in MBDS;

2. RFS: it is divided into near-end RF module and far-end module, which consistsof TRX, RF Management Module (RMM), Digital Predistortion Amplification20

(DPA), RF Front End (RFE) and Power Amplifier Interface Module (PIM), etc.

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3. PWSB: the primary power supply 220V is converted into 48V DC. ThePWSB consists of the following modules: Power Monitoring Module (PMM),

Primary Power Distribution module (PPD), Primary power Rectifier Module

(PRM).

Figure 7 illustrates the block diagram of the CBTS based on the ALL-IP platform.5

Figure 7 Block Diagram of the ZXC10-CBTS

The process of the CBTS signal processing is described below:

Forward: The service data from the BSC enters the BDS through SNM/DSM. The

DSM performs protocol termination related to Abis IP transmission10

(CUDP/PPPMUX/MP/HDLC) and NAT conversion, and then sends the data to the

CCM for switching through the fast Ethernet. When the data reaches the CHM, the

CHM performs CDMA modulation for the data. The modulated data is sent to theRIM for multiplexing. After that, the multiplexed data is sent to the RMM and then

distributed to TRXs (the TRX consists of the DIF and the FCM). The TRXs perform15

up-conversion for the data. After combined from all TRXs, the data is sent to the

LPA (HPA) and the RFE, and finally sent out of the system through the antenna.

Reverse: The reverse CDMA signal from the antenna is amplified by the RFE and

sent to the TRX (composed of DIF and FCM). The DIF performs down-conversion

for the data and converts the data into baseband digital signals. The RMM collects20

baseband digital signals of all sectors and sends to the RIM. Then the RIM simply

distributes the signals into the CHMs, which then perform CDMA modulation of the

signals and acquire original service signals. After the service signals are converted

into Ethernet frames, the fast Ethernet these frames into the switching center and

then to the DSM/SNM. The DSM performs protocol related to Abis IP transmission.25

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Finally, the frames are sent to the BSC in E1 or STM-1 mode. The base station also

provides the access mode directly based on IP Ethernet.

4.2 BDS (Baseband Digital Subsystem)

4.2.1 OverviewAs located between the BSC and the RFS, the BDS serves to connect the BSC via an5

Abis interface, mainly works as system control center and communicate platform,

modulate/demodulate and encode the CDMA signals, and connect the RFS via

corresponding interfaces. It also functions to control clocks of system/circuit/RF.

It falls into two categories: Master baseband digital subsystem (MBDS) and slave

baseband digital subsystem (SBDS). In a BTS, there can only be one MBDS which10

can own 0 or 1 SBDSs.

The working principle and structure of the SBDS are similar to that of the MBDS

except that its configurations are simplified a little. However, with a large capacity

DSM in the MBDS, configurations of the DSM in the SBDS is not required, as well

as that of the GPS clock. When there is only MDBS, SNM will be configured.15

The clock of the SBDS is obtained from the MBDS and its Abis data can also be

transmitted to the BSC directly or through the MBDS.

Features of BDS:

1. It provides the All-IP based communication platform and makes use of two L2Ethernet switches to carry media stream and signaling stream;20

2. High baseband integration: it provides the baseband CE resource with 12carrier-sectors for DO, and with approximately 24 carrier-sectors for 1X;

3. It adopts channel sharing in design. The baseband resource of 12/24 sectors canform one CE pool. Through the static and dynamic CE allocation, any CE

resource can be used by any sector. For 1X application, its border adjustment25can be made in the unit of CSM5000 chip, so that configuration for soft

capacity of the sector is maximized and channel resources are fully used;

4. The standard baseband-RF interface supports a complete separation ofbaseband and RF part as well as flexible configuration of BDS and RFS;

5. Future-proof design for BTS: it supports both CDMA2000 1X service and EV-30DO service simultaneously on the same platform. It can be upgraded smoothly

to 1xEV-DO Rev.B, and supports mixed insertion of all kinds of channel

boards.

4.2.2 CCM (Communication Control Module)

The CCM works in the MBDS shelf and is called as an SCM in the SBDS shelf. The35CCM serves as the core of the entire BTS for signaling process, resource

management, operation and maintenance, it takes charge of the routes of the data

and signaling in the BTS. It mainly provides two functions: build BTS

communication platform and BTS concentrate control center.

The CCM provides the following functions:40

1. Media stream IP communication plane function: Upon media stream exchange,the CCM distributes routes of the voice/packet services between relative

modules/units in the BTS and also between the BTS and the BSC;

2. TOD receiving and broadcasting function: It maintains/controls the GCM,receives TOD messages via UART interfaces and then broadcasts them45

between the MBDS and SBDS through the IP communication plane (signalingflow);

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3. Signaling flow IP communication plane function: It bears the signaling IP packets between relative modules/units in multiple BDSs of the BTS and

between the BTS and the BSC;

4. RFS signaling communication: After the RIM of the local BDS shelf receivesthe signaling through an HDLC channel, it conducts the framing processing of5

the forward base band data of the local shelf and the RFS signaling, and thentransports them to the RFS through multiplexed links;

5. The CCM communicates with the active/standby RIM via a serialcommunication interface to configure it and perform O&M management (base

band RF interface).10

6. It performs direct monitor/control of the status of all the boards in the MBDSrack and indirect monitor/control in the SBDS through the SCM agent using

signaling messages. The status includes the in-position indication, running

indication, error indication, hard reset, and power-off;

7. Active/standby control: If the CCM adopts the 1+1 active/standby control15mode, there should be the active/standby control modules to fulfill the

active/standby competition, changeover and control of all the communicationchannels and external input/output interfaces;

8. It communicates with SAM via UART, monitors system (inside shelf) andcircumstance(such as power supply, fans, temperature, humidity, smog and20

flood etc.), reports monitor information, and accesses PWS cabinet via RS485

communicate interface;

9. It provides the signaling processing function.

4.2.3 CHM (Channel Processing Module)

The logic position of the CHM is between the CCM and RIM in the BTS. As a25

system service processing board, it works in the BDS subsystem to conduct

forward/reverse modulation of the base band and fulfill multiple key technologies inthe CDMA field, such as the diversity technology, RAKE receiving, softer handoff,

and power control. Upon a full configuration, there are four of them.

CHM module includes CHM0, CHM1 and CHM2 types. The CHM0 supports the30

CDMA2000 1Xservice, CHM1 supporting the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0 service,

CHM2 supporting the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A service.

The BDS subsystem supports interchangeable insertion of CHMs (CHM0 and

CHM1/CHM2) to support multiple services.

4.2.4 GCM (GPS Control Module)35

The GCM is to provide reliable clock sources for modules in the BTS. The clocks

include: TOD (UTC timing message), system clock (16CHIP and PP2S), circuit

clock (8 KHz) and RF reference clock (30MHz).

The GCM provides the following functions:

1. TOD distribution: The GCM transmits the TOD messages through the UART40to the CCM that distributes them to each module in the form of IP packets after

conversion;

2. System clock and RF reference clock distribution: It distributes the clocks tothe RIMs of the local rack and the SBDS, and the RIM will then send them to

the CCM and CHM;45

3. Circuit clock distribution: It extracts circuit clocks from the GPS or circuits and

distributes them as the global circuit clocks.

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4. In order to enhance system reliability, GCM supports system clock and circuitclock back up for each other.

4.2.5 SAM (Site Alarm Module)

The SAM implements the environment monitoring of its cabinet and equipment

room.5

The functions are:

1. Communicate with the CCM/RMM in the cabinet via the RS485;

2. Provide the externally attached monitoring equipment with the RS232 andRS485 communication channels;

3. Cabinet environment monitoring: Includes the temperature monitoring, access10control alarm of the front/back doors, fan alarm, flooding alarm and inspection

of the status of the RPD (power distribution and lightning-proof modules), with

the sensor at the bottom layer of the cabinet;

4. Equipment room environment monitoring: Includes the temperature/humidity,

fog, access control and infrared monitoring, and extended boolean value input15 and extended controlling value output of the equipment room.

4.2.6 DSM (Data Service Module)

1. As located in a BDS rack of a BTS, the DSM mainly finish protocol processand signal resolution for ABIS interface.

2. The DSM provides 8 or 16 E1/T1 lines externally; ,it Supports the daisy chain20networking mode, it can also act as the E1/T1 extension lines

3. The DSM provides HW interface to connect SNM and it supports SDHtransmission.

4. The DSM also works as switching center of OW telephone.

4.2.7 SNM (SDH Interface Module)25

The SNM works in the BDS subsystem to provide uplink/downlink processing

function of STM-1 links.

1. It provides at most two pairs of optical interface for external interconnectionwith the SDH;

2. It realizes signaling interconnect with the CCM at the BTS side via the FE;30

3. SNM clock processing: It extracts the clock source from the circuit and sends itto the DSM which will then sends that to the GCM. The GCM provides a

highly stable circuit clock to act as a uniform circuit clock reference in the

BTS, and then it sends it to the Abis interfaces of all the BDS shelves;4. With the SDH-accompanied NM channels, it enables the access of the order35

wire at the BTS side to facilitate the maintenance personnel communications

between the BTS and the BSC or between different BTSs;

5. Supports fiber chain back up (2-fiber path switching).

4.2.8 RIM (Radio Frequency Interface Module)

1. RIM is responsible for baseband-RF interface function;40

2. It distributes system clock ;

3. It serves as an OW phone path between RFS and BDS/BSC;

4. It implements summation of forward linear sectors for 12 carrier-sectors;

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5. When the access by SBDS is not taken into account, the system will notprovide related system clock, circuit clock and OW phone cascade interface.

4.2.9 BIM (BDS Interface Module)

BIM (BDS Interface Module) performs interface processing of BDS and external

equipment (including PWS, SBDS and RFS). BIM can be connected to BBDS5(Backplate of BDS) and it consists of a series of passive boards to complete

protection and access switchover for all interfaces.

4.3 RFS (Radio Frequency Subsystem)

4.3.1 Overview

As located between the BDS and MS, the RFS completes the air RF interface in the10

air and the data interface to the BDS at the BSS side. It is responsible for building

BTS RF link functions including baseband processing, digital intemidiate frequency,

forward power amplification, reverse low noise amplification, RF far end and so on.

Features of RFS:

1. RFS falls into two types: local RFS and remote RFS. Except for different15applications, they are the same in structure. A BTS can have none or 1/2 local

RFS, and multiple remote RFSs that may be 10 kilometers far away from the

BDS and be placed in special locations such as cave, subway, etc.

2. With the standard baseband-RF interface, it supports flexible baseband andRF fiber networking for various applications such as star, chain and ring20

networking.

3. High RF integration: it adopts digital IF (Intermediate Frequency) technologyto implement four-carrier TRX, and also employs multi-carrier PA;

4. For a single rack, the maximum RF configuration is 12 carrier-sectors, and thecombination of 14 carriers and 13 sectors can be flexibly configured.25Combined cabinets achieve the maximum configuration of 4F6S or 8F3S.

4.3.2 RMM (RF Management Module)

RMM acts as the central control unit in the RFS system.The RMM used for LRFS

(local RFS) supports local cable access rather than fiber access; while the RMM

used for RRFS (Remote RFS) supports fiber interface. RMM is responsible for the30

following functions:

1. RMM completes centralized monitoring of the RFS including all modules suchas TRX, TSM, RSM, LPA , PIM and RFE;

2. As a central control board of RFS, RMM is responsible for environmentalmonitoring interface within the RFS cabinet: temperature, entrance control, fan,35

flooding, etc;

3. RMM provides external FE test interface and access to local maintenanceterminal (LMT);

4. For RRFS application, RFS is set independently and responsible for monitoringthe environment of equipment room (or outdoor BTS shelter), including40

temperature, humidity, smog, entrance control, infrared, and on-off input;

5. It performs forward/reverse link processing at the baseband-RF interface;

6. It implements processing and distribution of system clock (16CHIP, PP2S) andthe RF reference clock (30MHz) for RFS;

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7. It provides the orderwire telephone interfaces to fulfill orderwirecommunications between the BDS, BSC and RFS, and to facilitate remote RFS

maintenance.

4.3.3 TRX (Transceiver Module)

As the core module of the RFS in the BTS, TRX is responsible for the following5functions:

1. implementing the transceiving of the four forward/reverse carriers;

2. converting the forward/reverse link signals, including the conversion offorward/reverse digital baseband signals to the analog RF signals;

3. With the digital IF and multi-frequencies technologies, it can improve the10system performance and integration.

4.3.4 DPA (Digital Predistortion Amplifier)

Implemented through predistortion and linear technologies, the DPA can amplify the

power of multi-frequency signals at the same time and meet the system linearindices. With predistortion technology, it can output higher power.15

The DPA provides the following functions:

1. Supports 4 carriers;

2. Supports two kinds of power outputs;

3. Implements the linear predistortion power amplification of the input RFsignals;20

4. Ensures good working performance of the DPA in appropriate temperature andpower wander environment, and provides complete alarming, monitoring and

protection of the working status;

4.3.5 RFE (RF Front End)

The RFE completes low noise amplification of the reverse signals; inspects splitting25

and filtering of the transceiving signals. Its performance can directly affect the

transceiving system indices of the entire BTS.

Functions of the RFE are given as follows:

1. Filters small signals received by an antenna and amplify them in low noise;

2. Distributes the power of the signals that have been amplified in low noise. LNA30on the RFE panel is the testing interface for the low noise amplification output;

3. Supports tower top amplification of the peripheral equipment because the LNAcan conduct gain adjustment through the background;

4. Provides the transceiving duplex function; filters the forward transmissionpower signals;35

5. Provides interfaces to support the repeater. Each link provides three lines of RFinterfaces: TX, RX0 and RX1;

6. Provides the TX testing port for testing or sampling of the pre-distortioncondition;

7. Detects the status of the low-noise amplifier;40

8. Cooperates to complete automatic calibration of the output power;

9. Reports the alarm messages, and LNA status to the RMM through the serialport;

10. Supports dynamic software downloading.

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4.3.6 PIM (Power Amplifier Interface Module)

As the level-2 central point in the RFE/PA shelf, PIM (Power Amplifier Interface

Module) serves as the agent in the RFE/PA shelf of the RMM. PIM is responsible

for monitoring PA and RFE modules.

Main functions of the PIM are given as follows:5

1. Helps RMM complete alarm/status management and version management ofPA and RFE;

2. Serves as the RMM agent to control RFEs LNA link gain and implementreverse scaling;

3. Implements power detection, abnormal detection of LNA electric current and10VSMR detection.

4.3.7 RPD (CBTS Power Distribute module)

RPD is the power distribution module for the CBTS rack. As the CBTS rack exists

as a separate device, it is necessary to process and distribute the input secondary

48V DC power supply. The RPD for the CBTS rack is made up of the lightning15protection, filtration and the air switch.

4.4 PWSB

4.4.1 Overview

PWSB (primary power supply system) supplies power to the entire BTS, including

the AC-to-DC conversion, AC/DC distribution and monitoring, and storage battery20

management.

The PWSB consists of the following modules:

1.

PPD: primary power distribution module (only used for AC input)

2. PRM: primary power rectifier module (only used for AC input)

3. PMM: power monitoring module25

Features of the PWSB:

1. The primary power supply PWS is sided by the stand-alone PWSB. Themaximum power reaches 4500 W. It supports the maximum configuration of

CBTS.

2. The PWSB cabinet achieves applications of 220 V and 110 V inputs by30changing the PRM, PPD, or the PPM.

3. In case of AC input, the PWSB supports binary-phase three-wire input andthree-phase five-wire inputs.

4. The PWS subsystem supports access and charging and dischargingmanagement of the stora

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